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专八历年英译汉真题 doc

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2009-01-06 |专业八级历年英译汉真题解析(1996-2000)

1996年专八英译汉试题原文

Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the ReagaBush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4 Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House

It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11 Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government 12.

【概述】

木文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文,用词色彩强烈,修饰语具冇极端性和渲染性的 特点。翻译这类文章吋,伸缩性较大,适宜文采的容忍度较大。翻译中涉及被动语态译法、 转译法等。

【翻译要点评析】

1.Election Day :美国的总统“选举日”。

2.Reagan-Bush headquarters :里根一布什竟选总部。

3.the rest of the office was practically deserted : " desert "意为离弃、放弃,此句为被动表达 方式,翻译时如不特别强调施动者,一般译为主动句,即“其他办公室几乎没冇人S

4.critical meeting : u critical 评的、危机的、决定性的”意思,此处为“决定性的”,译 为“重要会议”。

5.devise a strategy : “devise”意为"想出、设计、发明",此处根据“strategy”词译为"制定 策略”。

6.battle-tested veterans :久经沙场的老将;在战场上受过考验的老将。

7.presidential politics :总统竞选的套路。

8.backdrop :意为背景、大环境,此处译为“条件”。

9.the campaign itself was lavishly financed :该句为被动句,翻译时应该转为主动语态,即"这 次竞选筹到了充裕的资金二

10.a top-flight staff : top-flight=best, first rate, staff 此处指"竞选班子

11.a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills : 此句为名 词性短语,作Ronald Reagan的同位语,若肓译即“一位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。" 但考虑到中文不易用修饰成份过长的表达方式,可将此同位语转译为一个单独的句了,即 “他极具个人魅力,精通沟通技巧。’’

12.a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government : 法同上,可转译“国家军事力量复兴,国人积极进取,政府机构精简。”

【参考译文】

离选举口还有四个月,五个人聚集在里根一布什竞选总部的一个小型会议室里,看着i张硕 大的F1历,1984年总统竞选剩下的口子清晰地标了出來。这是六月份的最后一个星期六, 早晨10点,其他办公室几乎无人。即使这样,他们仍紧闭大门,严拉窗帘。三个主要人物 和两个副手从全国各地赶来,聚在这里召开一个重要会议,旨在制定出一套策略,以确保里 根再次当选总统,入主口宫。

再次当选应该不是件难事。他们久经沙场,跟随里根多年,为共和党干的吋间更氏,没有谁 比他们更熟悉总统竞选那一•套儿。另外,竞选条件也十分有利,很多好消息可供炒作。例如, 美国上卜•一片和平,经济这一永恒的竞选耍索也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。 此外,这次竞选木身得到了慷慨资助,足以支付一流竞选班了、巡冋演讲以及电视广告的费 用。最重要的是,他们的候选人是罗纳德里根,他极具个人魅力,精通沟通技巧。自约 翰肯尼辿总统以来,里根最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图:国家军事力屋复兴,国人积极进 取,政府机构精简。

1997年:English to Chinese

Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province (范 围)of the rich unless we abdicate 退位、放弃society's power of choice. Wc can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible (易接近的可达至艸勺)to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives (必要的)of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse 冲 动) towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation (农述、I姝述)is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment (完丿戍、 成就) in the masterpieces of our music, art. literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones 标准、试金石for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire (立志、追求目标、渴望);they carry the most profound (深厚白勺、 深刻的)messages that can be sent from one human to another.

【概述】

这是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文,用词色彩强烈,修饰语具冇极端性和渲染性的特 点。翻译这类文章时,伸缩性较人,适宜文釆的容忍度较人。这篇文章理解起來不难,但翻 译时却发现不好用贴切的汉语表达,因此在处理这样表而看起来比较容易但难翻译的文章 时,注意一定不要拘泥于英文的表达形式。木文翻译中涉及长旬译法、定语从句译法,以及 增词法、转译法等。

【翻译要点评析】

1.Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable :若直译即“歌剧很贵,那种贵不可避免。”但读 者要问“是听歌剧很贵还是演歌剧很贵? ”因此,在“歌剧”前要加具体动词,根据上下文,可 以看出“听歌剧”比较恰当。

2.But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society's power of choice : province 意为"领域、范围";abdicate 意为"放弃”。society's power of choice如果直译,即“社会的选择权”,但这样翻译有些抽彖,可采用意译法,即“社会左右 选择的力量

3.We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it : to make something accessible to someone 使某人也能得至U某事

(物)因此全句可译为“使歌剧和其他形式的高消费文化也能让那些作为个体消费不起的人 们所亨受。"

4.Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education : the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education 意思为"食物、居所、防护、健康与 教育这些必需的事物",翻译时可将imperatives名词词性转为动词,即“食物、居所、防 护、健康与教育缺一不可”。全句直译即“没有人否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育的不 可或缺性”。但这是英文表达,英译汉时必须将其用通顺的汉语表达方式,因此翻译时可采 用正话反说,反话正说法,即“食物、居所、防护、健康与教育缺一不可,这一点人人认可

5.But even in a prehistoric eave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to cat, drink or fight, but

also to draw :此句用了 " not just…,but also ..."固定表达,一般译为"不仅 ,而

6.The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental :此句为典型的英语主语部分过长的句了为了避免头重脚 轻,翻译时可将主语部分独立出来,即变成外位语的形式,同时运用转译法,将fundamental 形容词词性转为名词词性即“人性的根本

7.touchstones : 试金石。 they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profbund messages that can be sent from one human to another :这两句都包含一个定语从句,第一句的定语从句可以按照原结构也译, 即“人类思想和想象力可及程度的试金石”,但第二句的定语从旬需要用分译法分译出来,即 “它们承载着最深刻的信息,使之在人类成员之间传播。"

【参考译文】

译文1:

聆听歌剧,无疑昂贵至极。但是,昂贵的东西并不是非富人莫属,除非我们放弃社会的选择 权。我们可以做出选择,使歌剧和其他形式的高消费文化也能让那些作为个体消费不起的人 们所享受。但问题是,有必要这么做吗?食物、居所、防护、健康M教育缺一不可,这一 点人人认可。即便史前,住在洞穴中的人类伸出手來,不仅为了吃饭、喝水或搏杀,也为了 作画。对于文化的冲动,对于通过形彖思维和再现手段来表达并探索世界的欲望,这是人的 木性。在欧洲,这一欲望反映在音乐、绘画、文学和戏剧之类的艺术杰作之屮。这些杰作是 我们全部成果的试金石,是人类思想和想象力可及程度的试金石。它们承载着最深刻的信息, 使Z在人类成员Z间传播。

译文2

欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈:你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而,亨川昂贵的东西并不完全是富人 的特权,除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式而向大众, 面向那些个人没冇支付能力的人。然而,问题是我们为什么要这么做。没冇人会否认食物、 居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。但是,即使在史前的穴居时代,人们伸出手来,也 不仅仅是为了吃喝,为了搏杀,而且还有一个目的,那就是动手作画。人们对文化的冲动, 即人们希望通过想象和再现來表现并探索这个世界的愿望,才是最根本的。在欧洲,人们通 过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等方而的不朽作站的创作,实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是衡量人 类努力程度的试金石,是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准,它们冇着最深厚的寓意,并在人 们彼此之间传播。

译文3

欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受,而且人们不可避免地要为此支付昂贵的费用。然而,只要你不 放弃对社会权利的选择,高档享受不可避免地成为富人的特有的领域。我们可以让歌剧和其 他费用昂贵的文化形式面向那些个人承受不起费用的大众。然而,问题是我们为什么要这么 做。没有人会否认食物、居所、安全、健康与教育的必要性。但是,即使在史前的穴居时代, 人们伸出手來,也不仅仅是为了吃喝,或者是单纯地为了搏杀,也可以是为了刻画。人们对 文化的冲动,对表达的渴望,以及通过想象和表述对世界的探索等,才是最根本的。在欧洲, 人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等杰作的成就形式实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是检验人类 努力程度的标准,也是检验人类追求的思想和想象能力的标准,它们承载着丰富的信息,并 得以在彼此之间相互传播。

1998年:English to Chinese

I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do ovcr-phrasc their own literature, or certainly its minor figures And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent e g in painting and music they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have wc read in articles that they really represent an "English tradition" after all.

To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert (断言、声称that it is completely unlike that of Europe Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step (同步).At any given moment 在任何时巾矣the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification (限制、限定、资格)to precede (领先、超前)the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree 卩隹一只是在程度上),sometimes only of a small degree The amount of divergence 歧、差 异)is a subtle 微妙的)affair, liable 有可能的to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses (重要 A勺感觉)grew out of his own, which in several ways (在有些方面)still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings 重叠and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship(亲缘关系)yields to a sudden alienation (疏远关系as when we hail (J Ia person across the street, only to discover from his blank 没有表情白勺response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.

【概述】

本文是一篇典型的学术型语篇,属于半口语型的学术语言。用词正式,句法简单,同时乂口 语感很强,读起來朗朗上口。对于这类语篇的理解,一般需要一定的专业知识。

【翻译要点评析】

1.over-phrase :过分渲染,言过其实;over作为前缀意为"过分地",如overestimate过高 估计,表示过低用under ,underestimate低估。

2.And America ns do swing from aggressive over-phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference :此句翻译的关键在于正确理解原句意思,因此需要对原文 结构进行改写,即"Americans do swing from aggressive over-phrase of their literature to imitative deference, which is an equally unfortunate. 1 swing from ・・・ to 意为摇摆彳、定,忽 左忽右,可译为“要么…要么根据改写后的原句结构,我们可以将原句译为“美 国人确实也走极端,要么咄咄逼人,对本国文学大肆渲染,要么亦步亦趋,对别国 文学顶礼膜拜。这两种做法同样的不幸。”

3 But then, the English themselves arc somewhat insular in their literary appraisals : But then 表示语气的转折,这类词语很难处理,翻译吋要格外小心,如果没有非常大的把握,宁可不 译。此处根据上下文译为“不过”或“话乂说回來"。insular意为超然物外的,孤立的,此处 译为“孤陋寡闻”。

4.kcct step :指"步伐一致,协调一致"o

5.At any given moment : given —词可以不翻,将此短语J[接译为"任何时候"。

6.liable to perplex :容易使 …困惑不解。

7.He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country : 此句带有 3 个定语从句, 根据汉语表达习惯,应将country作为句子的主语部分,句子的主语变为谓语部分,因此 用句子成分转译法,即“他所看的那个国家,从某些重要的意义上来说,脱胎于他自己 的国家,并在某些方面与他自己的国家相差无儿——然而,它却实实在在是一个界 邦。”。

& There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend :此句若直译,即“两者间存在着某些古怪的交替重迭,以 及令人甚感突儿的陌生感:亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其來的异化与疏远,这种情景仿 佛就像我们隔着马路向另一个人打招呼,结果却从这个人漠无表情的反应屮发现,我们 原来竟将一个陌牛人误认为我们的熟人。读起來有些生硬、拗口,所以用意译能较好地表 达作者的意图,即“两个国家,既冇重叠,也冇陌生,重叠使人颇感奇怪,陌生令人觉着突 如其来:亲戚一下子变做陌生路人。犹如我们向马路对面的某个行人打招呼,结果出乎意料, 那人表情默然,原來,我们误把陌路当友人。"

【参考译文1

在一定程度上,我赞同这位虚构的英国读者的观点。美国的文学史工作者也许惯于过分狭隘 地看待本国文坛,误将显著当独特。他们的确过分渲染本国文学,至少对二流的作家肯定会 吹捧。美国人确实也走极端,要么咄咄逼人,对本国文学大肆渲染,要么亦步亦趋,対別国 文学顶礼膜拜。这两种做法同样的不幸。话乂说回來,英国人自己在文学鉴赏方面也显得有 些孤陋寡闻。阳口,在诸如绘画音乐这些本国没有杰出成就的领域里,他们也走极端,耍么 吹嘘木国的作品,要么模仿人陆上的作品。试想,有多少幅英国画试图做得让人看上去像是 在巴黎绘的;我们乂有多少次读到他们的作品真正代表着一种“英国式的传统,,呢?

说到美国文学,并非意欲断言,它为欧洲文学全然不同。广而言Z,美国•欧洲一直步伐一 致。任何时刻,旅行者在两地均能看到同样的建筑,款式相同的服饰,相同的书籍。思想如 同人员与货物往来一样,自由地横跨人西洋,不过有时会稍微慢一•些。当我说美国习惯、美 国思想等时,我只想在这一词汇前加上某种修饰语,因为,欧美(尤其是英美)之间的差异 往往只是程度上的差异,而R冇时候微乎其微。差异的多少至精至细,很容易使英国人对美 国迷惑不解。他所看的那个国家,从某些重要的意义上来说,脱胎于他口己的国家,并 在某些方面与他自己的国家相差无儿 —— 然而,它却实实在在是一个界邦。两个国家, 既有重叠,也有陌生,重叠使人颇感奇怪,陌生令人觉着突如其來:亲戚一下子变做陌主路 人。犹如我们向马路对而的某个行人打招呼,结果出乎意料,那人表情漠然,原来,我们误 把陌路当友人。

【参考译文2】谈到“美国”文学,并不是说它与欧洲文学完全不同。总体来说,美国和欧洲 一直保持同步发展。旅游者在任何时候都能在两地看到(城市里晶立的是)同一•样式的建筑,

(人们穿着的是)同一款式的服饰,摆放在书架上的是同一风格的书籍。思想观念也彖人和 商品一样可以自由地跨越人西洋,只是有时在时间上要慢得多。谈到美国人的习惯和思想等 概念时,我想在“美国式”的前面再加上某个限制性的词语,因为在欧美Z间(尤其是美英Z 间)的差界往往只是程度上的差界而已,而且有的吋候,差显的程度也很小,差异也几乎是 微乎其微的。英国人看美国,很可能会让他们感到迷惑不解。感到他们看到的这个国家好象 是从白己国家发展而來的,很多方面和他们自己的国家类似,然而却仍然是“外国"。两个国 家冇着莫名的相似,却乂给人一种突然的陌生感。疏远感突然间取代了亲缘关系,就仿佛我 们隔着马路打招呼一样,从对方那茫然的神情中发现我们原来是认错了人。

【参考译文3

因此,我们在说“美国"文学,并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。一般来说, 美国和欧洲一肓在同步发展。无论何时,旅游者在两地都能看到同一式的建筑,见到同一款 式的服饰,读到摆在书架上的同一风格的书籍。在人洋两岸,人们的思想观念,就容易同人 员与货物一样,可以口由交流,尽管有吋会略显迟缓。谈到美国人的习惯、美国人的思维等 概念时,我想在“美国式的”这儿个词而面再加上某利修饰,因为欧美之间(尤其是英美之间) 的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已,而且在有的时候,是极低程度上的差异而己。差界的程 度微乎其微,很可能会使审视美国的英国人感到迷惑不解。重要的是,英国人所审视的这个 国家诞生于英国,并在不少方面仍与英国相差无儿一然而,实实在在是个异邦。两地冇着莫 名的共同Z处,以及令人深感突兀的陌生感。原先的亲戚已形同陌路,就仿佛隔着马路招呼, 等看到对方一脸茫然时,我们才意识到认错人。

1999年:English to Chinese

In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modem, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.

In addition, one class(一类)of family reasons shares a border (接壤、相近)with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy (使 (冇事二F) the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the

number of children on the assumptionC 设想、假设 consumption 消费that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined (突出、显现)by its converse (反血、和反):in some societies the failure to bear children (养孩子) (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.

Beyond all that (除了这些is the profound (深刻的、深远的significance of children to the very institution (结木勾)of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family (完整的they need children to enrich the circle (丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活 圈子),to validate (使…有效)its family character (家族的特征、风格),to gather (增加、 集合)the redemptive (赎回的,用于补偿的)influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution $上会纟古构uniquely 卩隹一) available, at least in principle, for (获得)security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance (卞计)and in generational extension (家族的繁衍).

【概述】

本文是一篇典型的议论型语篇,用词正式,旬法复杂,逻辑严谨,读起来很不顺口。这类文 章很难理解,一般需要较高的推理能力。翻译时,要特别注意整篇文章的逻辑关系,特别注 意语篇的连贯和衔接。

【翻译要点评析】

1.familial reasons :家族原因。

2.to extend the family line or the family name :就是汉语的传宗接代,延续香火。

3.to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family :字面意思为"使那些 涉及到家庭的宗教仪式得以正常进行”,但这样的译文读起來很生硬,可以意译为“维系礼 仪"。

4.to share a border with sth : ...有联系。

5.occupy the wife : occupy此处意为使忙碌,即“使妻子忙碌,让妻子有事可做”,不可直 译为“占有妻子

6.to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way : 英语 善用名词或名词短语,但汉语喜用动词,因此翻译时用转译法将the assumption译为“多生 孩子,因为他们认为,多子才能多福

7.The point is underlined by its converse : underline 显示(其重要性),整句译为"这一点从 和反的方面更易显现。’’

8.in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce : and在此处表示递进的关系,译为“也,而且”,全句译为“不生孩了或 不生男孩)不仅是婚姻的一种威胁,还成为离婚的便当理由

9.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. : beyond all that意为除此以外;institutionfamily是同位关系,其意义并不是“风 俗习惯”或“制度”,而是人类社会长期以來就有的社会机构或部门。因此institution of the family itself.这个短语译为“家庭自身这个机构或部门”。

10.rcdcmptivc influence :赎救作用。该用法与基督教的教义冇关,认为生孩了口J以赎罪, 可以了却罪孽,因为人类的共同祖先亚当和夏娃因吃禁果而有了罪孽。

【参考译文1

在有些社会,要孩子只是为了所谓的家族原因:传宗接代,延续香火,安慰祖辈,维系礼仪0 在现代世俗社会屮,这类原因似显苍白,但在其他地方,这些原因确实强劲有力。

此外,冇一类家族原因与下面一组原因共通,即生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻:能拴住丈 夫或者让妻子有事可做;修复或重振婚姻;Z所以多生孩子是因为他们认为多子多福。反过 來说:在某些社会中,不牛•孩子(或不生男孩)不仅是婚姻的一种威胁,还成为离婚 的便当理由。

此外,更为重要的是,孩了对于家庭这一机构自身尤为重要。对许多人来说,夫妻两人还不 算一个真正意义上的家庭——他们需要孩子來丰富两人小天地,使它具有家庭特征,并使他 们自己从中获得赎救。

孩了需要家庭,家庭似乎也需要孩了。在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中,家庭作 为一种社会机构,以其特有的方式,至少在原则上,需要在孩子身上获得某种安全感、慰藉、 保障和指望。对于多数人来说,这种原本意义上的家的基地,需要不止一个人来维持,使其 代代相传,生生不息。

【参考答案2

另外,有-•类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处,那就是:生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚 姻,提高婚姻质量,耍么是为了拴住丈夫,使妻子有所事事,要么是为了修复婚姻,给婚姻 注入新的活力,亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多牛儿女。当然,我们也可以从问题的反而 得到昭示:在某些社会,无法生育了嗣(或不能生育男孩)对婚姻而言是最大的威胁,也可 作为夫妻分手的现成理由。

后代对家庭这一体制本身所貝有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看來,丁克家庭算不上真正 的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽口己的生活圈子,实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用,并从子孙后 代身上获取某种回报。在这个变幻莫测,常常不尽友善的卅界上,家庭作为社会的基木单位, 至少可在原则上,以其独特方式为家人提供安全保障,抚慰家人受伤的心灵,为家人指出生 活方向,因此,孩子需要家庭,但与此同时,家庭也需要孩子。

2000年:ENGLISH TO CHINESE

If people mean anything at all by the expression "untimely (不合时宜的,timely:适时的、及时 的)death'\ they must believe that some deaths run on (连续,不分段,流逝,涉及)a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing (= passing away 死亡)of a young person, one assumes (假定、设想) that the best years lay ahead and the measure (尺度、评价) of that life was still to be taken.

History denies this, of course. Among prominent 卓越的、突出的summer 壮年吋期,青春) deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe(马丽莲?梦露and James Deans(詹姆上?迪恩斯), whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats 约翰?济慈died at 26, and only half playfully 开玩笑地judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity (强度、亮度 =achievements:成就)and virtue (德行、品德).

【概述】

本文是一•篇典型的议论型语篇,用词正式,逻辑严谨,哲理性强。要很好理解这类文章,需 要冇一定的推理能力。翻译时,要特别注意整篇文章的逻辑关系,特别注意语篇上下文的衔 接。

【翻译要点评析】

1.untimely death :早逝;早死;过早的死去。

2.run on a better schedule than others :更符合(死亡)时间表的安排。该时间表存在于人间 习俗Z中,与宿命论中的“天意”、“上天的安排"没冇关系。

3.a ftill one :圆满的一生。

4.the best years lay ahead :根据上卜文可以译为"才华尚未施展

5.the measure of that life was still to be taken :意为生命价值有待估量,可翻译为"前途无可 限量”。

6.summer deaths :英年谢世者;在风华正茂时死去的人;在事业鼎盛时期而死的人。

7.whose lives seemed equally brief and complete : 1匕句为 MariLyn Monroe and James Deans 的定语从句,翻译时可采用分译法,即“此二人生命虽短,却依然完美无缺。”

8.Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playftilly judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year :这又是一个关于同位语翻译的句了,可以在the fact前面加上“这个”、“这座”等词语,即“约翰济慈年方26便溢然长逝这一事实S另 外,这个句子蕴涵的内容比较丰富,不可以用简单的一•句话表达清楚,因此要用增词法,即 调整句子结构,补充隐含的内容,可翻译为“诗人约翰济慈26岁与世长辞,众多作家 难以接受,半开玩笑地说,他们白己的牛命即便超过26岁,也不过失败二字。”

9.The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue :同上,翻译为"生命短暂 即人生未成,这种想法逻辑欠通,因为,生命的价值尺度是它昭在世间的痕迹,是它的质冕 和美德。”

【参考译文1

如果“早逝”另有所指的话,那一定是人们相信,有些人死得更合“时宜”,而另一些人则“死 不逢时”。年迈去世很少被称作“早逝=因为氏寿就是圆满。反Z,如果是年轻人谢世,人 们会认为这位年轻人才华尚未施展,前途无可限屋。

当然,历史否定这一点。在诸多杰出的“英年早逝者"当中,我们不会忘记玛丽莲梦 露与詹姆斯迪恩斯。此二人空命虽短,却依然完美无缺。诗人约翰济慈26岁与世 长辞,众多作家难以接受,半开玩笑地说,他们自己的生命即便超过26岁,也不过火败二 字。视英年早逝为不圆满,这一观念有悖于逻辑,因为衡最生命的尺度乃是留给壯界的印 记,是生命的力度及其美德。生命短暂即人生未成,这种想法逻辑欠通,因为,牛:命的价 值尺度是它留在世间的痕迹,是它的质量和德行。

【参考译文2

如果人们使用“死不逢吋"的吋候有所指的话,那肯定认为一些人的逝世是寿终止寝,而另 外一些人的辞世则是英年早逝。很少有人会说因年老而死广是“死不逢时”…人们总是把老年 人的寿终正寝看作是一种圆满。但是对于一个英年早逝的人,人们常常认为他的好日子还在 麻头,对他短暂的一生作出评价述为时尚早。

然而,历史对此观点持否定态度。谈到英年早逝的人物,人们常常回想起马丽莲?梦露和 詹姆士?迪恩斯。二人生命虽短,却功成名就。作家们难以接受英国诗人约翰?济慈26岁便 匆匆辞世的残酷现实,然而,当他们26岁时,只冇自嘲虚度年华碌碌无为的份了。那种认 为牛命短暂就不圆满的观点是不合逻辑的,因为评价一个人的一牛应当看他给卅:人留卜的印 象,他所取得的成就,以及他的个人品质。

专业八级历年英译汉真题解析20012008)

2001年:ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist (要点,主旨)of it. There is no happiness except as we take on(接纟内) life-engaging (有魅力的、迷人的)difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms (相同的表达、看法) when he spoke of'The pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw (致命的缺陷)in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports (宣称、声称)to be effortless.

We demand difficulty even in our games (体育比赛、游戏).We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary (武I析 勺)imposition (强迫接受)of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always docs so by refusing to play by the rules It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules No difficulty, no fim.

【概述】

这是一篇说理性的议论文,文章评论美国19世纪哲学家、思想家、作家亨利人卫•梭罗 对人生幸福的看法。用词正式,逻辑严谨,哲理性强。译好这类文章有一定难度,但在近年 的8级考试小出现的概率较高,不可忽视。翻译吋要注意整篇文章的逻辑关系,特别注意 语篇的连贯和衔接。

【翻译要点评析】

1.Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau (1817 — 1862),美国哲学家、作家、“一个人的乌托邦”的倡 导者和实践者,年轻时代师从美国“先验论者”爱默生,其论著在美国冇一定影响。idea of the low levelsidea of the high,是梭罗所理解的“低层次境界"和“高层次境界”。

2.active discipline:主动律己;heightening one's perception:提高自己的感悟能力;what is enduring in nature:自然界永恒存在之物;在his idea of the high短语屮,后边省略了 levels, 与上句 idea of the low levels 相对应。

3.gist:essence同义,意为“精要;精髓雹此句可译为“全力以赴,便是其精髓所在”。

4.short of: 之外。short of the impossible可译为"除了不可能做的事情之外”。

Yeats:William Butter Yeats,叶芝(1865 — 1939 )爱尔兰诗人及剧作家,曾获1923年诺 贝尔文学奖。as Yeats put it:正像叶芝说得那样。

5.Robert Frost:罗伯特•弗罗斯特(187——1963),美国著名诗人,曾4次获得美国普利 策诗歌奖。taking pains:吃苦;努力。例如:It takes pains to learn a foreign language well.学 好一门外语非吃苦不可。

6.mortal flaw:致命的缺陷。advertised应理解为popular, made known,即“世人宣扬的",

“世俗的”。Purport:意味着;大意是

7.arbitrary imposition of difficulty:任意施加难度于;人为设定难度。

【参考译文1

梭罗所理解的“低层次境界"是,为了拥有而去拥有,或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他 心冃中的“高层次境界”,则是这样一种积极的人生戒律,即要使自己对自然界永恒Z物的感 悟臻于完美。对于从低层次上节省下來的时间和精力,他可以将其致力于对高层次的追求。 勿牌置疑,梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿,但在饮食方而所投入的精力仅裹腹而已,只要可确保他能 去从事更为重要的事务,除此,别无他求。

努力才是其精髄。没有磨砺,何来幸福。叶芝说过,除了难以可为的事情,人生的幸福大 小就在于所选择的难度高低。罗们特?弗罗斯特也有“以苦为乐”之类的说法,他与叶芝英 雄所见略同。世人所宣扬的那种幸福观,其致命错误就在于它认为,幸福似乎可以唾手可得。 甚至于游戏也离不开难度。没有了难度也就没有了游戏。游戏之道恰恰在于难中作乐。游戏 规则就是人为设定的难度。不依规则便叫人意兴阑珊。下棋时随心所欲、信马由缰会赢得很 爽但没劲儿。唯有进退有尺有度方才趣味横生。不难便无趣儿。

【参考译文2

努力是问题的关键。如果不经历艰难困苦,就没有幸福可言。正如爱尔兰诗人叶芝所言,除 了极少数不人可能出现的情况外,我们一生小得到的满意程度取决于我们愿意克服的困难有 多大。美国诗人罗伯特费罗斯特谈到“苦中求乐''时,也表达了相同的看法。出现在广告中 的幸福都有一个致命的错误,那就是,不费吹灰之力即可获得幸福。

即使在体育比赛中,我们也需要克服困难。我们需耍克服困难,因为没有困难就没有比赛。 比赛就是使某件事情变得更加困难,以便难中取乐。制定比赛规则就是故意制造困难。违反 竞赛规则也就丧失了比赛乐趣。下棋时,如果不受规则的约束,高兴怎么走就怎么走,你很 容易取胜。然而,乐趣源于胜利而乂遵守规则。没有闲难,也就没有乐趣。

2002年:ENGLISH TO CHINESE

The word “winner'' and "loser" have many meanings. When they refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes some else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genien, both as an individual and as a member of a society.

Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence(伪装)and manipulating (操纵)others. They arc aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.

优胜者会有白己的牛活理念,其牛活不会局限于某种假想的理念;取而代之的是,他们坚持 自我,并不会费力去装腔作势,刻意去维持虚伪,或者劳神去操纵他人。他们深知,真爱和 虚情Z差,愚猛和糊涂Z异,真才和伪学Z别。优胜者无需掩藏自我。

Winners arc not afraid of to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don't pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished 毁坏、推翻),bound, or awed 畏)by them.

优胜者勇于独立思考,敢丁•展示才华。他们能辨别意念和事实,不会假装自己无所不晓,无 所不能。他们善于倾听他人的见解,并权衡其利弊,但最终得出的是自己的结论。尽管他 们会敬重他人,但不会受到局限和束缚,也不会被吓倒,更不会因此而口溃。

Winners do not play "helpless", nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume (假定、 设想、采取)responsibility for their own lives.

优胜者不会面对困难而显得无助(敢于只面困难),也不会怨天尤人。相反,他们会努力启 负起自己对待生活的责任。

【概述】

这是一篇议论文,议题讨论人纶的核心问题——成功与失败。虽然涉及的题目人人皆知,但 对其真实内涵却仁者见仁,智者见智。该文语言精炼,讲究修辞,采用对比、排比等手法加 强语气。翻译时应注意上下文的逻辑关系,注意修辞格的翻译技巧。

【翻译要点评析】

1.^winner"“loser”这两个词是该文的关键词,一开头能否正确选择好词义将影响到整篇 文章的翻译。一般情况下,译为“赢家”和“输家',或“胜者”和“败者覽但本文笫一句就说, 这两个词have many meanings。这就意味着木文所讨论的winner并不是传统意义上的"赢 家'或"胜者”,下文对winner的定义就说明了木文的winner与传统定义不同。鉴于此,我 们可以将winner译为“成功者”或“智者S

2.authentically: 口然地;没有假装地;由衷地。此句的关键是译好4个形容词,这是对成 功者品质下的定义。credible:有诚信的;trustworthy:可依靠的;可信赖的;responsive:反 应敏捷的;敏感的;genuine:诚实的;不虚伪的。此句可译为“成功者的一切反应均由衷而 发,富有诚信,值得信赖,反应敏捷,从不虚伪”,句子读起来菲常有节奏感。

3.they imagine是插入成分。What they imagine they should be直译过來就是"他们自己认为 该成为的样子",也可以说“他们的自我臆想rather:相反。they are themselves: 4他们保 持其本色",用中国的一旬古语就是“我仍故我雹as such的本意是“诸如此类的人或物”, 此处可以顺接上句译成“正因如此”。putting on a performance:做作;作秀;装腔作势。 maintaining pretence:自命不凡。manipulate原意为“巧妙的操纵别人”,这里可译成“対别人 指手画脚二

4 .此句屮“being…“是“真的在做……J acting... 是“假装在做……”,这是译好句屮 三个排比句式的关键。being loving and acting loving可译为“真爱和装爱” being stupid and acting stupid 可译为"真傻和装傻";being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable 可译 为“博学和卖弄,,。

5.uare not afraid to do...,\ 无畏于从不怯于"to do their own thinking”独立思

考;用自己的知识独立判断;独当一面。

6. 此句中,factsopinions两者是互为矛盾的,facts指"事实”,opinions不是传统意 义上的"意见"或"观点”,而是"议论"或"传闻",因此才有句子They can separate facts from opinions;44成功者能够区分事实与传闻“。

7.此句屮有4个排比式的过去分词,译起来比较怵I难,因为它们的词义差别很微妙。be defined by them原意是“由他人来界定,来规定”,此句则理解为“受制于他人”。be demolished by them可译为“被他们所摧垮”。be bound by them b J译为“被他们所束缚”。 be awed by them可译为"被他们所吓倒”。

&此句中,不要将两个play译成“玩”或“耍”。Play在这里是牛:动的比喻词。可译为:成 功者不故意“示弱”,也从不怨犬尤人”。

【参考译文1]

“成功者”和“火败者"这两个词含义很多。当我们将某人称作成功者时,我们并非指他是一个 让別人失败的人。对我们来说,成功者乃是这样一个人,无论作为一个个人抑或作为社会的 -分子,他的一切反应均山衷而发,富有诚信,值得信赖,反应敏捷,从不虚伪。

成功者不会穷其毕生Z精力,执着于口我Z臆想。相反,他们会保持口己的本色。正因如此, 他们不装腔作势,不自命不凡,不对别人指手呦脚。他们知道,真爱不同于装爱,真傻 有异于装傻、陣学有别于卖弄。成功者无需面具來伪装。

成功者无畏于独立思考,无畏于独立判断、独当一面。他们能够在半实与传闻ZI'可切辨是非, 不会假称自己无所不晓。他们倾听别人意见,择善从Z,授终得出自己的结论。成功者敬仰 尊重别人,但他不会受制于人、不会被他们所摧垮、不被他们所束缚、不会被他们所吓 倒。

成功者不故意“示弱”,也从不怨天尤人。他们会毅然肩负起人生的责任。

【参考答案2

胜者不会穷其毕生梢力,去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道;和反,他们会保持其真我本 色,并且,作为这种追求真我的仁者,他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势,维持一种自命不凡的姿 态,或去操纵他人。他们深知,在真心关爱和虚情假意之间,在顽固不化和大智若愚之间, 在真才实学和装学富五车Z间,实质上都存在着天壤Z别。成功者无盂面具掩藏自我。 胜者勇于独立思考,敢于展示才华。他们能将事实和观点区分开来,不会僭称自己无所不晓。 他们会倾听他人的见解,并权衡利弊,从而最终得出自己的结论。尽管会钦佩敬重他人,但 他们从不为其所羁绊。

胜者绝不装出可怜巴巴的样了,以企图博得他人同情,他们也不怨天尤人。相反,他们会毅 然肩负起对自己人生的责任。

【学生译文1]

成功者们不以他们设想的理念來规约他们自己的牛•活,而是体现自我本色。他们不会耗费精 力去虚伪得牛活,在人前“表演”,其至操纵他人。他们懂得他人与假装关爱他人的不同,懂 得真正的愚昧与假装愚昧Z间的区别,懂得知识渊博与实则浅薄Z间的差别。成功者们无须 带着面具生活。

成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够分清事实,而不会假装他们自己无所不 知。他们会倾听他人的想法,评判他人的言论,最后得出口己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、 尊敬他人,但他们不会受他人牵制,被他人左右,或被他人打垮。

【学生译文2

成功者们不以他们设想的理念来规约他们口己的生活,而是体现口我本色。他们不会耗费精 力去虚伪得生活,在人前“表演”,甚至操纵他人。他们懂得他人与假装关爱他人的不同,懂 得真正的愚味与假装愚味之间的区别,懂得知识渊I専与实则浅薄之间的差别。成功者们无须 带着面具生活。

成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够分清事实,而不会假装他们自己无所不 知。他们会倾听他人的想法,评判他人的言论,最后得出口己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、 尊敬他人,但他们不会受他人牵制,被他人左右,或被他人打垮。

2003年:ENGLISH TO CHINESE

In his classic novel, "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis (大城市,大都市).But his cousin looks around bewildered (困惑、迷惑). All she sees is a forest. 4tWhere are the beauties and improvements (改造的地方)which you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can't see them.4tWhere! Why everywhere,n he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete

to him as if they were already constructed and finished.

Cooper was illustrating(讲述、描述、阐述)a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness( minded: 有思想的,着眼未来的):the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered【没有阻碍的,不受妨碍的;cumber (n.)障碍>encumber v.阻碍>encumbered 有阻碍的>unencumbered 没有阻碍的】by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, 4tLife for the American is always becoming(会变成什么样子),never being (现在是什么样子)

【概述】

这是一篇关于美国文学的评论性文章,短文评论美国著名作家詹姆斯•费尼莫•库珀James Fenimore Cooper)的小说《拓荒者》(The Pioneer)o文中主人公是一位土地开发商,带着他 的表妹游览一座待开发的城市。从而揭示了美国人特有的一种性格——而瞻意识。虽然语言 的理解不算难,但涉及到美国人独特的处事视角,对于屮国读者來说,接触较少,很难有作 者那种深刻的体会。对■于我们陌牛的主题或文化视角,翻译吋应注意尽量用“总译",少些个 人发挥,但其文章的风格,则要通过译文充分地展示出来,特别要注意描写人和物的形容词 和副词的翻译。

【翻译要点评析】

1.此句中有两个专有名词,涉及美国著名作家James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯•费尼莫•库 珀)和他的小说The Pioneers 拓荒者。库珀(1789— 1851 是生活在美国西部人开 发时代的一位作家。以描写西部边鴉生活而闻名。hero在小说中指“主人公”、“正面人物”, 正式的用词是protagonist,反面人物为enemy,正式用诃是antagonist o land developer意 为“土地开发商",这种人在美国开发西部边疆时代十分时髦,他们极富挑战性和冒险性。

2 . a teeming metropolis中的teeming意为“挤满人"、“人声鼎沸”、“熙熙攘攘"、“生机盎然”。 teem ,动词,原意为"盛产"、"多产的",女口 The Taihu Lake teems with fish and shrimps.太 湖盛产鱼虾。在木句中,teeming metropolis是比喻,可译为“繁华的人都市二

3.bewildered:过去分词,原意为“使着慌”、“手足无措”,在句中作状语,表示方式,它跟在 looks around后边,可译作“深表困惑”,“满脸迷茫“茫然”等。

4.此句中beauties and improvements是由抽象名词转化来的,可理解为“美景和改观二 有 时也可理解为“上位词”,上文提到的streets, housesmetropolis就是beauties and improvements所对应的“下位词J在具体的翻译过程中,如果发现上位词不好译,町转到 与此対应的卜位词试试看。比如,觉得beauties and improvements译成"美景和改观"不妥, 可尝试译为它们在本文屮所对应的下位词“宽广的大道J “鳞次揃比的高楼”和“生机盎然的 大都市”之类的字眼。

5.“Where! Why cvcrvvhcrc/冲的Why表达的是略带不耐烦与不快的惊讶。翻译时注意要把 说话人的这种心态体现出来,有吋标点符号就是一种很好表达语气的工具。译文屮的标点符 号完全可以和原文不同。这句话可译成“在哪儿?这不到处都是嘛? ! ”

6 .此句屮 concrete 意为"具体的"实实在在的"。as if they were already constructed and finished是虚拟语气,可译成“如同造好竣工一样”。

7. illustrate: “展现",“用实例说明”。trait: “特色”,“特性”,“特有的品质”。Futurc-mindcdncss: “面向未来的心态'',“以未来为参照点的思维方式",可译为“前瞻意识"、“超前意识''、“未来 观”等。

& vantage:优越,有利的地位;from the vantage point of the future:站在未來的高度,从未 来的高度看。unencumbered:没有阻碍的;不受妨碍的。the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past可译为“摆脱过去束缚”,“自由地抛开历史羁绊”等。feel attached to: “喜欢;爱慕; 依恋”,这里feel attached to things to come町译成"情系未来”,"放眼未来"。

9. Albert Einstein:艾尔伯特?爱因斯坦,相对论的创立者,当代最为大的科学家,德国犹 太人,二次大战中移居美国。此句中的难点是becomingbeing,前者指侏来”,后者指“现 在”。句屮is always becoming意为“将来会变成什么",never being意为“而不是现在是什 么",-整个句子可译成“美国人永远牛活在将來而不是现在",也可译成“对美国人來说,生活 总是进取,而非守成”。

【参考译文1

詹姆斯费尼莫库珀在其名著《拓荒者》一书屮写到主人公,一位土地开发商,带着表妹 四处参观自己正在规划屮的城镇,津津乐道地描述着宽广的人道,鳞次扌節比的高楼和生机盎 然的大都市。但表妹环顾四周而茫然。他看到的仅仅是一片树林:“你给我指的美杲和大厦 到底在哪儿呢?"开发商闻言大惊:“在哪儿?这不到处都是嘛? !尽管大厦还未破土动工, 但他们在开发商的脑海里早已成形,而且真切得如同造好竣工一•样。

库珀在这里揭示了一种美国人特有的品性——前瞻意识:站在将來的高度看现在,自由地抛 开历史羁绊而放眼将来。正如艾尔伯特?爱因斯坦所说:“美国人永远牛:活在将来而不是现 在。”

【参考答案2

詹姆斯•费尼莫•库珀在其经典小说《拓荒者》中,讲述了主人公,一个土地开发商人,带着 他的表妹参观他正在开发承建的一座城市。他说,这是一个熙熙攘攘的大都市,街道宽阔, 房屋林立。而他的表妹却环顾四周,人惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。她不禁问道:“你 要给我看的美景在哪,被你改造了的地方乂在哪?开发商没料到他的衣妹竞看不到他所讲 的一切,惊讶地回答说,“哪儿?到处都是啊虽然这一切述未在大地上建成,但他已经在脑 海里建好了,对他来说,这一切都像已经建成竣匸了那样真实具体。 在这里库珀揭示了美国人的一个典型特点:那就是着眼未来,也就是说,他们能够从未来的 角度看待现在的一切,可以不为过去所鞫绊看待现在,在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。 正如阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样:“対美国人來说,牛活总是在发展变化中,从來不 会静止不变

2004年:ENGLISH TO CHINESE

For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness. I'm lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when from the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim(边缘) with experience that needs to be sorted out (挑选、选择).

Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self (本性、本我) is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one (扌呂彳弋 plant as though it were a person.

It takes a while, as I watch the surf (水浪blowing up in fountains (喷泉),but the moment ( the lonely moment) comes when the worlds falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious (潜意识),bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.

这是一篇关于个人生活的散文。作者为女作家梅?莎唐May Sarton ) (1912——1995)。 本文选口散文The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life (《单独生活的冋报》)的结尾部分,个 別地方有删节。这篇文章在理解方面没有什么障碍,关键是表达时的文采和风格。翻译时应 尽量把作者对孤独的感受用较好的文学语言表达出来。

【翻译要点评析】

1.此句中,主语部分是 the most interesting thing about a solitary lifeMine has been that 是 难点,mine my life, "that"a solitary life"is that..."引导—个表语从句。it 指的 是 a solitary lifeit becomes increasingly rewarding Rl 译为“单独生活的回报与 U 俱增

2.此句中,在an entire day后边有两个后置定语aheaduninterrupted,还有一个in which加三个动词不定式引导的定语。

3.be flooded with happiness 是比喻,意为 be filled with, be full of, “充满 /幸福”。

4•此句中三个when引导的吋间状语从句描述的是同一时刻同时存在的三种状况:“当我过 度疲劳''、“长时间不间断工作"、“一时间感到空虚而需要充实自己时"。后一句的两个when 描述的乂是另一种情况,不要把每一个when引导的短句理解成一种独立状态,也就是说 原文共描述了两种情况,而不是五种,表达吋要把这两种情况区别开。needing filling up可 译为“需要充实自己

5.a lecture trip意为“外出讲演”或“巡冋讲演full to brim是个短语,意为“漫边儿,'、“满", full to brim with experience意为“满脑子的体验”或满脑子纷乱的头绪”,sort out意为“拣 出”、“梳理”、“整理”。

6.此句中,It has to be recaptured意为"找I叫自我"。杏阅原作,我们发现在it were a person 后删去了 by feeding the two cats, by cooking a meal o 如果按删除后的文章理解 by looking again at each one as thyough it were a person, nJ each one 视作"一棵一棵花草"as thgough it were a person是虚拟语气。

7.查阅原文,此句fountains后删除了 at the end of the field (在田头,在田边fountains 可理解为“泉水”、“喷泉”,surf原意为“浪花”,此处可译为“向四处溅出的水花”或“水柱”。

8.查阅原文,在 slowly understood 后删除了 when I can converse again with my hidden powers, and so grow, and so be renewed, till death do us part。此句中, deep unconsciousness 意为"潜意识"。to be explored and slowly understood nJ译为“细思深究",或"让我探究,让 我领悟S

【参考译文1

过去二十年,我一直单独生活。对丁•我,最为有趣的是,单独生活的回报与日俱增。经常在 醒來时能够亲眼看着太阳在海洋上升起,清处地知道有一个完整的一天供我使用,没有任何 间断。我可以写上儿页东西,遛遛狗儿,读读书,听听音乐,我充满了幸福。

只有当我疲惫不堪,长时间不间断地工作,或者一时间感到空虚而需要充实自己的时候,我 就感到孤独。当我刚从外地讲学回到家中,或者当我见过了很多人而R说了许多话,满脑了 纷乱的思绪需要梳理吋,这时我也会感到孤独。

一段时间内,我觉得屋了既空又大,也不知道“我自身”藏在了什么地方。只好通过浇浇花, 也许再看看花草,把它们一棵-•棵地当人一样地看看,來慢慢地找回自我。

这需要一•段吋间。当我看着喷泉激起的水花时,这个吋刻便来到了:周围的世界慢慢地消失, 自我再次从潜意识里涌出,带回到我刚才经历过的一切,让我探究、让我领悟。

【参考答案2

只有我在非常疲劳的时候,在我不断工作了很长时间以后,在我倍感空虚,需要充实时候, 我才会感到寂寞。1佃有时候在我结束巡凹演讲回家的时候,在讲了很多话后,1肛几有太多经 历需要整理时,我也会感到寂寞。

于是,冇那么一会儿,我感到房了又大又空,我都不知道我的自我又到哪里去了。这时,我 必须给植物浇水,并挨个瞅瞅,仿佛他们是有生命的精灵一般,这样我才能慢慢找到我的那 个自我。

很长一段时间,我看着水浪从喷泉中喷涌ifulHo但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消失,当我再次 从我内心深处的无意识屮冒出来时,带给我最近的种种经历,让我探究,让我慢慢领会时, 我才会感到寂寞。

当我因为持续工作太久而感觉疲劳空虚,需耍充实一下的吋候,我会觉得孤独。有吋,我 出差做讲座,见很多人,说很多话,回來后脑了里很多东西需要理一理,这时我也会觉得孤 独。

(St. Version 1)

那一刻,我会觉得房了异常空旷,也不知道自己身在何处。我只得去给花木浇水,或者把它 们当成人来洞察,这样我才能慢慢地找回自我。

欣赏喷泉的时候,我发现:水花总需要-•段时间才能形成,但是这一刻总会到來。届时,周 围的一切都隐去了,自我从潜意识的深处复苏,将最近所经历的一切重新展示在我的面前, 有待我去细细研究,慢慢领悟。

(St. Version 2)

只有当长时间不停工作而疲惫不堪或是感到空虚而需要充实的时候,我才会感到孤独。有时 讲学归來,孤寂之感也会袭上心头,因为与众人交谈甚多需好好整理自己的思路。

于是那一刹那,我觉得整个屋子空空荡荡,苦苦寻思口己到底躲匿在屋子的哪个角落。当我 给花木浇水,仔细端详它们,想象他们跟我一样也是人的时候,自我感觉便一点一点恢复过 來。

待到喷泉喷射Ifijifi,需小等片刻。此刻,现实的繁芜复杂悄然隐去,慢慢恢复口我,细细咂 味近日的所见所闻。

2005年:ENGLISH TO CHINESE

It is simple enough to say that since books have classes——fiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred (模糊 R勺,不 明确的and divided minds (分心)asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish(消除)all such preconceptions (偏见、成见)when we read, that would be an admirable (绝妙的、极好的)beginning. Do not dictate (口述、发号施令)to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice (同谋、合作者).If you hang back (迟疑、 犹豫不决),and reserve (保留、储备)and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fiillest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible (觉察不到的fineness 优良、出色),from the twist and turn of the first sentences (换行的句子),will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep (沉浸、潜心、专心)yourself in this, acquaint (使熟知)yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.

【概述】

这是论述怎样读书的散文屮的第段话(全文见Unit 2的范例欣赏How Should One Read A Book?),作者是英国苦名现代女作家弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫(1882——1941 ),她的主要 作品有《达罗卫夫人》、《到灯塔去》、《海浪》等长篇小说,以描写意识流见长。该文开宗 明义谈如何读书,实际上兼有文学评论的性质。全文用词朴素、行文流畅,而内涵丰富、意 味深氏。翻译时,盂仔细品味原文的含义,明白无误地表达出作者的意思与风格。所采用的 翻译方法有:省略法、词类转译法、分译法、增词法等。

【翻译要点评析】

1.It is simple enough to say each should give us:该句中 It 是指代 to say + that 所引导的

宾语从句。可采用分译法翻译此句,先将宾语从句译成一个独立句,再将主句译成一个独立 句:“这话说來很简单。”

2.Most commonly our own prejudices: come to books 应理解为"着手阅读"或"捧起书本"。

Blurred and divided minds可译为"模糊而又杂乱的想法另外,在翻译asking for后面所 跟的从句时,可省略代词it o此句中it后均用shall,表示说话人的意图,意为“必须”。

3.Do not dictate Be his fellow-worker and accomplice:这两句的意思层层递进,如果合译

成一句,效果更好。第二旬中的两个名词转译成动词。而accomplice木意指“同谋"或“帮凶”, 具有贬义,这里应选择褒义词来表达其意,可译为“共同创作”。

4.from what you read:该短句不必按字血意思翻译,可引申为"从书中"。

5.open your mind as widely as possible:此处可在翻译时适当增词,用两个词纽來表达具意: “敞开心扉,虚怀若谷”,这样后一个词更进一步说明“敞开心扉”后的境界。

6.Steep yourself in this with this:这是两个并列祈使句,表示一种条件。翻译时可采用合

句法译为一个单句并省略掉第一部分的指示代词this,钻进去熟悉它“。

【参考译文11

既然书有小说、传记、诗歌Z分,我们就应把它们分类,从各类书中汲取其应该给予我们的 营养。这话说来很简单。然而很少有人要求从书籍中得到它们所能提供的养分。我们总是三 心二意地带着模糊的观念去看书,要求小说必须真实,要求诗歌必须虚构,要求传记阿谀逢 迎,要求史书能加强口己的偏见。读书吋如能抛开这些先入Z见,便是极好的开端。不耍对 作者指手划脚,而要尽力与作者融为一体,共同构思,共同创作。如果你不参与,不投入, 而且一开始就百般挑剔,那你就无缘从书屮获得最人益处。你若敞开心扉,虚怀若谷,那么

I沖精细入微的寓意和暗示便会把你从开头那些山回水转燉的旬了中带出来,走到一个独特 的人物面前。钻进去熟悉它,你很快就会发现,作者展示给你的或想要展示给你的是一些比 原先要明确得多的东西。

【参考译文2]

然而很少有人愿意接受书上的告诉我们的东西。我们通常是带着一种不明确的不专一的目的 去读书,我们要求小说是真实的,诗歌应该是虚构的,传记应该是奉承人的,丿力史则应该是 能加深我们自己的偏见的。如果我们读书的吋候能够屏弃这些成见,那将会是一个绝妙的开 端。不要试图対作者发号施令,而是要设身处地把作者的思路,把自己当作作者的合作伙伴。 假如你开始就犹豫不决,不愿接受作者观点,其至对作者观点评头论足,你就是给自己设置 障碍,使自己不可能最人限度地利用书木。然而,如果你尽棗敞开心扉,那么文章开头就能 给你一些暗示,由此一个与众不同的人物形象将跃然呈现于你面前。

2006年:ENGLISH TO CHINESE

I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind We have before us many, many months of stmggle and suffering You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, it is victory. Victory at all costs victory in spite of all terrors■一victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.

Let that be realized, no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall more fdrwanl toward his goal. I take up my task in buoyancy and hope I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, “Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength?9

【参考译文】ENGLISH TO CHINESE

我能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、泪水和汗水。我们所面临的将是一场极为残酷的考验,我 们而临的将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。你若问我们的冃标是什么?我町以用一个词来概括, 那就是胜利。不惜一切代价去夺取胜利,不艮惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利,不论前路再长再苦也 要多去胜利,因为没有胜利纠无法生存!我们必须意识到,没有胜利就没有人英帝国,没有 胜利就没有大英帝国所象征的切,没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强烈的要求和冲动:人类 应当向自己的冃标迈进。此刻,我的精神振奋,满怀信心地承当起自己的人物。我确信,只 要我们人家联合,我们的事业就不会挫败。此时此刻千钧一发之际,我觉得我有权要求各方 而的支持。我要呼吁:“来吧,让我们群策努力,并肩迈进!”

2007ENGLISH TO CHINESE

2007年的8级考试选口哈佛大学校长劳伦斯•萨默斯演讲,演说全部内容如下,其小划线部 分为考试内容。难度适中。

Today, I speak from this podium a final time as your president. As I depart, I want to thank all of you students, faculty, alumni and staff with whom I have been privileged to work over these past years. Some of us have had our disagreements, but I know that which unites us transcends that which divides us.

今天,我将以校长的身份,最后一•次在这个讲台上演讲。即将离任前,我要感谢诸位学牛、 教师、校友和员工,I仏几非常荣幸在过去的5年里能与你们共事。我们中的一些人意见不尽 相同,但是,我知道,我们的共识远远超越分歧。

Some things look different to me than they did five years ago. The world that today's Harvard's graduates arc entering is a profoundly different one than the world administrators entered.

在我看來,现在于5年前不同了。今天的哈佛毕业生正在进入的世界和悖理人员当年所进入 的世界相比己是大相径庭了。

It is a world where opportunities have never been greater for those who know how to teach children to read, or those who know how to distribute financial risk; never greater for those who understand the cell and the pixel; never greater for those who can master, and navigate between, legal codes, faith traditions, computer platforms, political viewpoints.

现今批界,机遇对于这些人来说是空前的:他们知道如何教了女阅读;他们知道如何组合投 资;他们懂得【计算机科学】基本存储单元和像素概念;他们能学握各种法典、传统信仰、 计算机平台、政治观点并在其中游刃有余。

It is also a world where some are left further and further behind - those who are not educated, those trapped in poverty and violence, those for whom equal opportunity is just a hollow phrase 同时,现今批界,一些人越来越落示于时代。这些人没受过教冇、深陷于贫穷和暴力、平等 机遇对他们而言,仅是一句空话。

Scientific and technological advances arc enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life

科技进步正在使我们能够探索宁宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及牛命的奇迹。

At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.

与此同时,今天,人类所做的及没能做到的事情,不仅危害到这个星球上的生命,也危害到 该星球的寿命。

Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.

Universities are where the wisdom we cannot afTord to lose is preserved from generation to generation Among all human institutions, universities can look beyond present norms to fiiturc possibilities, can look through current considerations to emergent opportunities.

大学是人类把不可或缺的智慧世代流传的殿堂。就人类所有公共机构而言,仅仅大学,能够 超越当前的准则,注意到未来的可能性;能通过目前的判断,注意到突发的机遇。

And among universities, Harvard stands out. With its great tradition, its iconic reputation, its remarkable network of 300,000 alumni, Harvard has never had as much potential as it docs now 哈佛在大学中间,鹤立鸡群。凭其伟大的传统、因袭声誉及其非凡的300000校友网,哈佛 的潜力前所未有。

And yet, great and proud institutions, like great and proud nations at their peak, must surmount a very real risk: that the very strength of their traditions will lead to caution, to an inward focus on prerogative and to a complacency that lets the world pass them by.

可是,就像伟大和自豪的国家在其鼎盛时期一样,它们必须克服一个完全不能掉以轻心的危 险因索:它们传统的绝对强势将会导致谨小慎微、追求内部特权及白满,这将使它们不能与 吋俱进.

And so I say to you that our University today is at an inflection point in its history. At such a moment, there is temptation to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction, but this would be a mistake. The University's matchless resources - human, physical, financial - demand that we seize this moment with vision and boldness To do otherwise would be a lost opportunity. We can spur great deeds that history will mark decades and even centuries fi-om now. If Harvard can find the courage to change itself, it can change the world

今天,哈佛止处于其历史的转折点。此吋此刻的口然倾向是,把贪图舒适和随波逐流留凌驾 于进步和方向性之上,但,这可能是错误的。大学无与伦比的资源?一人、财、物一要求我 们远见卓识和勇敢地抓住这个时机,否则,将会坐失良机。我们能推动将会被历史永世铭记 的伟大的事业。如果哈佛能找到勇气来改变自己,它就能改变世界。

2008年:ENGLISH TO CHINESE

But , as has been true in many other caseswhen they were at last married ,the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical instead of hacing shared their original duties, and as schol -boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled this led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddcnlu that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth ,and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fillfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with aHection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, a part from the world, but it seemed that they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modem society.

【参考译文】ENGLISH TO CHINESE本文选自朱也特的文章《新生活》The New Life by Sarah Jewett

但是正如其他许多己经发纶过的事情一样,当他们最终结婚后,发现最憧憬的牛活变得再实 际不过了。他们非但没冇分担各自原先的责任…正如那些学生们所说”一半一半“,相反却发 现生活的重担加倍了。这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧;他们突然发现白己并没 有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地牛活在地球上,而且成为了新规则和新约朿的奴隶。 生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福,因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭, 那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光,曾经如此地渴望 拥冇彼此而忘掉这个世界,然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份了。

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