Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961)

Childhood

*the second child, and first son ;

*raised in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago ；

*father — a successful physician，love fishing and hunting;

*mother — a music teacher；

*music lessons were useful in his writing and a lifelong passion for outdoor adventure and for living in remote or isolated areas；

School life

*attended Oak Park and River Forest High School and excelled both academically and athletically;

*first writing experience was for the school's newspaper and yearbook;

After High School

*worked as a reporter for The Kansas City Star( 堪萨斯《星报》) before World War I for only six months ;

World War I

*joined the Red Cross Ambulance

Corps(红十字会战场服务队);

*on July 8, 1918, wounded but

carried an Italian soldier to safety, received the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery;

*when in the hospital, met and fell in love with Agnes, a Red Cross nurse but rejected;

Journalist and Writing

*began as a freelancer(自由职业)and foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star Weekly;

*also worked as an associate editor of the Co-operative Commonwealth, a monthly journal;

*met Hadley Richardson, the first wife,and married in 1921;

Life in Paris (1921-1928)

*settled in Paris and covered the Greco-Turkish War for the Toronto Star;

*made friends with James Joyce, F. Scott Fitzgerald ;

*His marriage to Hadley broke up as he was working on The Sun Also Rises because of his affair with Pauline Pfeiffer, divorced in January 1927 and married Pauline Pfeiffer, second wife, in May.

Life in Key West

*In 1928，they moved to Key West, Florida, to begin their new life together;

*his father committed suicide;

*During the early 1930s Hemingway were busy with hunting, fishing, bullfighting, traveling and writing;

World War II

*in Europe from June to Dec. 1944 ;

*involved in the war activities as a war correspondent and in 1947 awarded a Bronze Star for his bravery during WW II;

*He left Martha in 1945 when preparing to return to Cuba and meanwhile, he had asked Mary Welsh, Time magazine correspondent, to marry him on their third meeting;

Later years

* had a series of accidents and health problems after the war ;

*When he traveled to the site of WW I and began to work on Across the River and Into the Trees(《过河入林》);

*The next year wrote Old Man and the Sea "the best I can write ever for all of my life“ and won the Pulitzer Prize in May 1952 and In October 1954 received the Nobel Prize in Literature;

Suicide

Discouraged by a troubled family background, illness and the belief, he was losing his gift for writing.

He "quite deliberately" shot himself with his favorite shotgun in the early morning hours of July 2, 1961;

Non-fictions：

(1932) Death in the Afternoon (1935) Green Hills of Africa

(1960) The Dangerous Summer (1964) A Moveable Feast

Novels

(1925) The Torrents of Spring 春天的激流 春潮 (1926) The Sun Also Rises

(1929) A Farewell to Arms (1937) To Have and Have Not 富有与贫穷

(1940) For Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣 战地钟声

(1950) Across the River and Into the Trees 过河入林 (1952) The Old Man and the Sea

(1962) Adventures of a Young Man 天涯游子泪

(1970) Islands in the Stream (Hemingway) 海流中的岛屿 (1986) The Garden of Eden

(1999) True at First Light 曙光示真 (2005) Under Kilimanjaro 初秋阳光

Short stories

“The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber” “The Snows of Kilimanjaro”

“A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” “Cat in the Rain”

“Big Two-Hearted River” “Hills Like White Elephants”

Notable awards

The Old Man and the Sea

was awarded the 1953 Pulitzer Prize and American Academy of Arts and Letters' Award of Merit Medal for the Novel and played a significant role in Hemingway's selection for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.

Language Style

*Deceptively simple

*Understatement and omission ( Iceberg Theory)

*Repetition

*Focus on facts