xx主谓一致教案

一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。

一、语法上一致

1不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。

Much milk is offered to him.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.

To nod one’s head means agreement.What they said is true.

2 and连接主语时，注意以下几点：

1）由and,both…and连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。

Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.

The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.

2)凡是由each…and each…,every…and every… ,no…and no…, many a… andmany a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。

Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.

No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village.

3)由and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。

Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.

4)不可数名词+兵团并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。

Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain.

5)凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a或物主代词)则谓语用单数。

The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio.

The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man.

6)由and连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，为主的单复数与第一个名词一致。

The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present.

7)What从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。

What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me.What I say and do is my own affair.8)由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。

When and where to build the new factory ________yet.(MET1991)

A is not decidedB are not decided C has not decidedD have not decided (key:A)

3主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides,together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。

The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV.

The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.

考例：1）E-mail, as well as telephones,______ an important role in our daily life(1999上海)A playingB playC plays D have played (keys:C)

2) A library with five thousand books_______ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990)

A is offeredB has offeredC are offeredD have offered (keys: A)

4不定代词either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。

There is nothing wrong with the machine.

Either of the shirts fits me very well.

None of the farmers has (have)been abroad.

5 many a (an) +名词和more than one +名词做主语时谓语用单数。

Many an apple is in the basket.More than one stamp has been collected by her.

6在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。

Three and four is (are) seven.Two times ten is (are) twenty.

7当kind of, pair of, type of等做主语时，谓语与of前的kind, pair, type等保持一致。如：This pair of trousers fits you.The kind of the apple tastes delicious.

8当a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等短语作主语时，谓语与of后的保持一致。

There are plenty of eggs in the basket.Lots of meat has been sold out.

考例：

As a result of destroying the forests, a large_______ of desert______ covered the land.(2001上海)A number, hasB quantity, has C number, haveD quantity, have (key:B)

9当分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.

70 percent of people have known about the truth.

考例：

_______ of the land in that district_______covered with trees and grass.(2000上海)

A Two fifth, is B Two fifth, are C Two fifth, is D Two fifths, are (key:C)

10在one of +复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是one of结构，定语从句用复数，若是the(only) one of结构，定语从句用单数。

Zhou xia is one of the girls who like hiking.Tian lili is the only one of the girls who has passedthe exam.

考例：

He is the only of the students who_______ a winner of scholarship for three years.(2002上海)A isB are C have beenD has been (key D)

11 “a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，”the number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。

The number of books is no more than 100, but a number of them is of little use.

考例：

thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET 1996)

A were , wasB was, was C was , were,D were, were (key C)

二、意义上一致

1当表示时间，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时谓语用单数。

Ten years is quite a long time.

2当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。

The rich live a happy life, while the poor live a hard life.

The wounded is our captain.

3当maths(mathematics), politics, physics等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数，但前有物主代词修饰指某人的某方面时，谓语用复数。

Maths is difficult to learn.His physics are poor.

4用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.The United States is a developed country.5如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, half, rest, part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。

All of the rubbish was cleared away.All of the classmates have passed the examination.6当集合名词family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government, public, couple等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果看作其中的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。

Class 3 are unable to agree on the plan.His family has just moved to Beijing.

7有的名词如police, cattle, people, clothes, trousers等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, mean, fish, works, species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。

Shortly after the accident, the police were sent to keep order.

考例：Every possible means________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear(2000上海)。

A is usedB are usedC has been used D have been used (keys:C)

三、就近一致

1连词or, either…or, not…but, neither…nor, not only…but also, whether…or等连词并列作主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。

Either you or I am going to answer his question.Not only he but also his friends have been to NewYork.

考例：

Either you or the headmaster______ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting(1994上海)A is handing out B are to hand out C are handing outD is to hand out (key:D)

2在there be结构中，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的，即每一个主语一致。如：There is a desk and three chairs in the room.There are three chairs and a desk in the room.Addition:表达祝愿的句型。

1)I/We/Let us +wish sb.+sth.

I wish you happiness. I wish you a full recovery. I wish you every success in your new post. Let uswish you the very best of luck.

2)主语（I We Let us）+wish+sb.+to do sth.

Iwishyoutosucceedinyourperformance.Letuswishyoutowinstillgreatervictoriesinthescientific research.

3)主语(I We ) hope+宾语从句

I hope all is going well with your family.

4) May +主语+动词原形+其它

May you both be always happy. May you return safe and sound. May all happiness attend you.5)主语（I/We/let me）+send /offer+宾语+for

Let me offer my hearty good wished for your success.

6)名词＋to sb.

Success to you all! A good journey to you! Good luck to everyone!

1.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferent reasons.

A. were ; wasB. was ; wasC. was ; wereD. were ; were

2.As a result of destroying the forests , a large ______ of desert ______ covered the land .A. number ; hasB. quantity ; hasC. number ; haveD. quantity ;have3.---Each ofthe students , working hard at his or her lessons , ______ to go to university.----So do I.

A. hopeB. hopesC.hopingD. to hope

4. Eitheryou or the headmaster ______ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out

5.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet .

A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided

6.Alibrary with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift .

A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered

7.Of the making of good books there is no end ;neither ______ any end to their influence onman`s lives .

A.there isB. there areC. is thereD. are there

8.Bill`s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _______ ?A. isn`t itB, is itC. isn`t heD. is he

9.It was only with the help of the local guide _________ .

A. was the mountain climber rescuedB. that the mountain climber was rescuedC. when the mountain climber rescuedD. then the mountain climber was rescued

10. I have always been honest and straightforward , and it doesn`t matter ______ I`m talkingto .

A. who is itB. who it isC. it is whoD. it is whom

11. Seventy percent of the students here ______ from the countryside.

A. isB. areC. comesD. has come

12. Three—fourths of the homework ______ today .

A. has finishedB. has been finishedC. have finishedD.have been finished

13. Only _____ in the school ______ been repaired .

A. one third of the desks ; hasB. one third desks ; haveC. one third of the desks ;have

D. one third of desks ; have

14. About 40 _____ of the population of that country ______ on farms .

A. percent ; livesB. percent ; liveC. percents ; liveD. percents ; lives

15. More than 60 percent of world`s radio programmes ______ in English.

A. isB. wasC. areD. be

16. The total numberof the population in China _______ about 100 million on April 14, 1989.A. added upB. wasC. wereD. rose

17. A large number of the students in our class _______ girls.

A. areB. wasC. isD. be

18. The number of students of this school ______ large.

A. areB. wasC. isD. be

19. The whole class ______ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening toB.is listening toC. are listeningD. is listening

20. The Chinese people ______ hard—working and brave .

A areB.isC. has beenD . are being

21. The police _______ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.

A. is searching forB. were searching forC. are searching forD. were searching22. Those who ______ in _____ compositions , please hand them in this afternoon.

A. hasn`t handed ; hisB. haven`t handed ; hisC. has handed ; theirD. have handed ;his

23. Jane is one of the best students in her class who ______ by their teacher.

A. are praisedB.is praisedC. praisedD. praising

24. He is the only one of the students who ______ elected.

A. areB. haveC. hasD. is

25. The subject of physics _______ always interested him .

A. hasB. haveC. isD. are

26. The subject of physics _______ always interested him .

A. hasB. haveC. isD are

27. The United States of America _______one of the most largest countries in the world.

A. isB. areC. wasD. were

28. The Olympic Games ________ held every _______ years.

A. is ; fourB. areC. is ; fiveD. are ; five

29. Her ______ to her children`s faults ______ quite extraordinary .

A. blind ; isB. blind ; areC. blindness ; isD. blindness ; are

30. Where _______ rubbish , there are flies .

A. there areB. there isC. isD. there has

31. The news of victories _______ spending far and wide .

A. isB. areC. have beenD. were

32. A great deal of energy ______ this way .

A. are wastedB. were wastedC. is wastedD. wastes

33. The paper for books and newspapers _______ made of wood .

A. areB. isC .haveD. has

34. The air in big cities ______ very dirty .

A. are often madeB. is often madeC. have often madeD. has oftenmade

35. The rest of the apples in our class _______within half an hour .

A. is sold outB .are sold outC. was sold outD. were sold out

36.“All ______ present and all ______ going on well .”our monitor said .

A. is ; isB. are ; areC. are ; isD. is ; are

37. The rich ______ not always happy.

A. areB. isC. hasD . have

38. ______ can be done ______ been done .

A. All ; haveB. All that ; haveC. All ; hasD.All that ; has

39. Many a man _______ come to help us .

A. haveB. hasC. isD .are

40. What you said just now _______ the matter we arediscussing .

A. have something to do atB. has something to do with C. had something to do with D. hasbeen something to with

41. Mary as well as her sisters ________ Chinese in China .

A. are studyingB. have studiedC. studiesD. study

42.No one but her parents _______ it .

A. knowB. knowsC. is knowingD. are knowing

43. Alice , together with the two boys , ______ for having broken the rule .

A. was punishedB. punishedC. were punishedD. being punished

44. Everyone here , including children and old people , ______ in for sports .

A. goB. goingC. to goD. goes

45. I, who ______ your teacher , will try my best to help you with your study .

A. beB. amC. areD. is

46. It is I who ______ wrong.

A . isB amC. areD. is

47. No bird and no beast ______ in the lonely island .

A. are seenB. is seenC. seeD. sees

48. Every means ______ prevent the water from _______.

A. are used to; pollutingB. get used to ; pollutingC. is used to ; pollutedD. is usedto ;being polluted

49. Not only my brother but also I ______ good at painting both of us _____ good at painting.

A. are ; areB. am ; areC. is ; isD. are ; is

50. Either your parents or your elder brother ______ to attend the meeting tomorrow.

A. isB. areC. are goingD. have

51. Neither my father nor I ______ at home.

A. amB. isC. areD. be

52. Every boy and every girl ______ to attend the evening party .

A. wishB. wishesC. likeD. is like

53. In winter wet clothes ______ near fire.

A. often hanged upB. are often hanged upC. is often hung upD. are often hung up

54. Apples of this kind ________.

A. tastesgoodB. tastes wellC. taste goodD. taste well

55. Your trousers ______ dirty , you must have ______ washed.

A. is ; itB. are ; itC. are ; themD. is ; them

56. The league secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting .

A. isB. wasC. areD. were

57. John has two brothers , but either _______ out of work now.

A. areB. isC. hasD. have

58. The results of the exam ______ that you have all made great _______ .

A. show ; progressB. shows ; progressC. show ; progressesD. shows ; progresses

59. ______ a good enough price for this book .

A. Two yuans areB. Two yuan areC.Two yuans isD , Two yuan is

60. Many people say 10,000 _______ a lot of money .

A. dollar isB. dollars areC. dollars isD. dollar are

61. What we need ______ good textbooks.

A. isB. areC. haveD .has

62.ProfessorWu,withthreelecturers,_________attendingasymposium(专题研讨会)inShanghai on energy now.

A is B are C was D were

63.One and a half hours _______ passed.

A hasB are C is D have

64. Many a student ________ going to take part in the exam next month.

A is B is to C are D was

65. What matters________ not winning but participating.

A areB to be C wasD is

66. Every possible means ________used to save the panda.

A has beenB have beenC are D has

67. John is the only one of the students who ________ to France.

A has beenB have been C had beenD goes

68. Physics _______ very difficult to learn.

A is not B are not C were notD wasn’t

69.The number of the books ______ 500, but a number of them _____of little＆#118alue.A is, are B are, areC is, is D are , is

70. Nobody but San and Ann ________ in the lab.

A are B had been C were D is

71.Writing stories and articles _______ what I’m fond of.

A isB were C areD have been

72. Either you or I________ going to attend the meeting.

A is B areC amD will

73. The singer and composer ______coming next Monday.

A is B areC were D was

74.The young ________to be rude to the old in some areas nowadays

A seemB seemsC seemingD seemed

75. Lily is one of the students who_______ skating.

A likesB like C likedD liking

76.Neither of the coats _______me well.

A fitB fitsC fittedD is fit

77. There ______ plenty of rain in the summer.

A isB areC hasD have

78. Three fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.

A isB areC has D have

79. Our team ______ a strong team. The team _______friendly to each other.

A is, isB is, are C are, areD are, is

Keys:

1.---5CBBDA6----10ACABB11---15BBCBC16---20BACAA21---25BBADA

26---30AAACB31—35ACBBD36—40 CADBB41—45CBADB 46—50 BBDBA51—55 ABDCC56—60BBADC61—65 BAAAD66—70 AAAAD71—75 ACAAB76—79 BAAB