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课题_ROOT用户无法修改文件权限(LSATTR_CHATTR_ I 和 A 属性含义)-

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今天想在实验室分配的服务器上添加一个普通用户, 所以用root身份登录服务器后执行useradd命令,却提示无法读写
/etc/shadow文件; ls -l /etc/shadow发现什么权限都没有,于是就用chmod更改我(root对/etc/shadow文件的权限,但让我万万没有想到的是,又提示无法更改该文件的权限,于是到网上查询之后,发现了这个帖子.问题解决了。但，i和a属性是什么东西？
我们可以通过man chattr查看(仅摘录相关部分: DESCRIPTION: "chattr" changes the file attributes on a Linux second extended file system. A file with the 'a' attribute set can only be open in append mode for writing. Only the superuser or a process possessing the CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE capability can set or clear this attribute. A file with the 'i' attribute cannot be modified: it cannot be deleted or renamed, no link can be created to this file and no data can be written to the file. Only the superuser or a process possessing the CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE capability can set or clear this attribute. What do 'a' attribute and 'i' attribute mean? append only (a, immutable (i.

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