十一、状语从句

由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。

（一）时间状语从句

表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。

e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.

He started as soon as he received the news.

Once you see him, you will never forget him.

No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.

（二）原因状语从句

原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。

e.g.

• He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.

• As it is raining, I will not go out.

• Now that you mention it, I do remember.

（三）地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。

e.g.

• Sit wherever you like.

• Make a mark where you have a question.

（四）目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。

e.g.

• Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.

• She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV

lessons.

• He left early in case he should miss the train.

（五）结果状语从句

结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so … that, such … that等引导。

e.g.

• She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.

• He was so excited that he could not say a word.

• She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her

（六）条件状语从句

条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。

e.g.

• If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.

• You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.

• So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.

• You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go

too far away from the river bank.

• If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.

（七）让步状语从句

让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。

e.g.

• Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

• Child as he is, he knows a lot.

• Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my

mind.

（八）方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。

e.g.

• You must do the exercise as I show you.

• He acted as if nothing had happened.

（九）比较状语从句

比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等引导。

e.g.

• I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.

• He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.

• The busier he is, the happier he feels.

十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题

1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来

时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。

e.g.

• We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

• I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.

2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主

语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省

略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。

e.g.

• When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.

• If (you are) asked you may come in.

• If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.

3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根

据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。

e.g.

• You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）

• Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）

• I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句）

• Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）

• This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）

一、用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：

1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things.

2. The more I can do for the class, the happier I’ll be.

3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it。

4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.

5.I shall go to the park unless it rains

6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

7. Where there is water, there is life.

8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates

9. Since you are very busy, I won't trouble you.

10. Even if (though) I fail. I’ll never lose heart.

11、No matter when you come，you are warmly welcome。

12、He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.

答案：1-5 让步 比较 结果 方式 条件

6-12 时间 地点 目的 原因 让步 让步 结果

二、选择填空：

1. I’ll let you know ____ he comes back.

A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although

2. She will sing a song ____ she is asked.

A. if B. unless C. for D. since

3. We will work ____ we are needed.

A. whenever B. because C. since D. wherever

4. Read it aloud _____ the class can hear you.

A. so that B. if C. when D. although

5._____ you go, don't forget your people.

A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever

6. It is about ten years _____ I met you last.

A. since B. for C. when D. as

7. They will never succeed, _____ hard they try.

A. because B. however C. when D. since

8. _____ still half drunk, he made his way home.

A. When B. Because C. Though D. As

9. _____ she was very tired, she went on working.

A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of

10. Busy _____ he was, he tried his best to help you.

A. as B. when C. since D. for

11. I learned a little Russian _____ I was at middle school.

A. though B. although C. as if D. when

12. _____ we got to the station, the train had left already.

A. If B. Unless C. Since D. When

13. _____ the rain stops, we' 11 set off for the station.

A. Before B. Unless C. As soon as D. Though

14. She was _____ tired _____ she could not move an inch.

A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as

15. We didn’t go home _____ we finished the work.

A. since B. until C. because D. though

16. I'll stay here _____ everyone else comes back.

A. even if B. as though C. because D. until

17. Although it's raining, _____ are still working in the field.

A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they

18. Speak to him slowly _____ he may understand you better.

A. since B. so that C. for D. because

19. You'll miss the train ______ you hurry up.

A. unless B. as C. if D. until

20. When you read the book, you' d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.

A. at which B. at where C. the place D. where

答案：1-5 CADAC 6-10 ABCBA

11-15 DDCAB 16-20 DABAD