Module 4 Music Born in America Section Ⅲ Grammar-时间状语从句和省略

语法图解

探究发现

①Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.

②The moment I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.

③The first time that rap artists recorded their music, musicians recorded the backing tracks (the music without the singing) in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later.

④No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.

⑤Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.

⑥—Do you want to go to the movie tonight?

—I hope to (go to the movie)．

⑦What do you think of the film (that) you saw yesterday?

⑧While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.

⑨Bob has done his homework, but Tom hasn’t (done his homework)．

⑩He accepted the suggestion that he (should) go there by train.

[我的发现]

(1)①～⑤句中黑体部分在句中引导时间状语从句，⑥～⑩句为省略句。

(2)④⑤句为no sooner ... than ... /hardly ... when ...句式，表示“一……就……”，且no sooner/hardly位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。

(3)⑥句是不定式的省略，省去了to后面的动词(短语)。

(4)由⑦句可知，关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。

(5)⑧句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中包含be动词的某种形式，可以将从句的主语和be动词同时省略。

(6)⑩句是情态动词should的省略；⑨句省略了部分谓语及宾语。

一、时间状语从句

在复合句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。时间状语从句常用when, while, as, until, since或表示时间意义的名词短语等引导。

1．when, while, as的用法

He was nine when his father died.

他父亲去世时他才九岁。

Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016·北京高考改编)

杰克正在实验室里工作，这时突然停电了。

They arrived while we were having dinner.

他们到时我们正在吃晚饭。

While I played the piano, my sister did her homework.

我弹钢琴的时候姐姐在做作业。

As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.

随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。

I saw my mother as I was getting off the bus.

我下公共汽车的时候看见了我妈妈。

[名师点津]when在be about to do ... when ..., be doing ... when ..., had done ... when ..., be on one’s way ... when ..., be on the point of doing ... when ...等结构中，作“正在那时”讲，表示某个动作正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。

He was about to leave when someone knocked at the door.

他刚要离开就有人敲门。

[即时演练1]

(1)选词填空：when, while, as

①It’s much easier to make friends when you have similar interests.

②While/When in Vienna he studied music.

③You will grow wiser as you grow older.

(2)完成句子

①I was_about_to_go_to_bed_when the telephone rang.

我正要睡觉时电话铃响了。

②They were_watching_TV_when_they learned that the plane was out of touch.

他们正在看电视，这时得知飞机失去联系。

③He had_just_left_when you came.

他刚离开，你就来了。

④He dropped the glass as_he_stood_up.

他站起来时，把杯子摔了。

2．until, till的用法

He waited until she had finished speaking.

他一直等到她讲完。

You can’t go home until you finish your work.

工作完成后你才能回家。

[名师点津]　(1)置于句首或在强调句中时常用until，其他情况until和till可通用。

Until you told me I had no idea of it.

直到你告诉我，我对此事才有所了解。

(2)如果将“not until ...”结构放在句首，那么主句要部分倒装。

Not until his bike looked almost new did he stop cleaning it.

直到他的自行车看起来几乎像新的一样，他才停止擦洗。

[即时演练2]

(1)句型转换

I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work.

→Notuntil I finished my work did I go to bed.

(2)完成句子

①You can stay_here_till/until the rain stops.

你可以在这里待到雨停。

②They didn’t_stop_talking_until the teacher came in.

直到老师进来，他们才停止说话。

③Not until we pointed out their faults to them did_they_realize_them.

直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。

3．before, since的用法

(1)before

①意为“在……之前”，置于主句前后均可。

Before the sun sets, we must go home.

太阳落山前，我们必须回家。

②如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“在……之前”，而要译成“过了多久才……，还未……就”等。

The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.

斗争持续了4年北方才最终获胜。

He almost knocked me down before he saw me.

他几乎撞到我时才看见我。

She left before I could have a word with her.

我还没来得及和她说句话，她就离开了。

③before常用句型：

It will be two years before he leaves the country.

再过两年他才会离开这个国家。

It was two years before he left the country.

过了两年他才离开这个国家。

(2)since

①since意为“自从”时，所引导的从句使用非延续性动词，主句使用完成时态。

Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.

大学毕业后，他便在这个城市工作。

②since的常用句型：

从句用短暂性动词表示动作持续了多久，用延续性动词表示动作停止了多久

It is five days since he came here.

他来这儿5天了。

It was three years since she had lived in this city.

她已有三年不住在这个城市了。

[即时演练3]

(1)选词填空：since, before

①I have written home once since I came here.

②Time passed quickly and the winter holidays had gone by before we knew it.

③They worked long hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.

④(四川高考改编)As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.

(2)用所给词的正确时态填空

①It will_be (be) one year before we graduate from the middle school.

②It is/has_been (be) three years since he lived here.

③It was (be) not long before we met again.

④It was five years since we had_left (leave) school.

4．表示“一……就……”的引导词

引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”之意的引导词有as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner ... than ..., hardly ... when ...等。另外，名词短语the moment, the minute, the instant, the day (year)等均可用作连词来引导时间状语从句。

As soon as the reporters know what to write about, they get down to work.

记者们一知道他们要写什么东西，就着手工作。

Immediately you begin to speak, he gives you his full attention.

你只要一开始说话，他就会全神贯注地听。

The moment I heard the voice, I knew Father was coming.

我一听到声音，就知道是父亲来了。

[名师点津] hardly ... when, scarcely ... when, no sooner ... than 引导时间状语从句时，主句使用过去完成时，从句使用一般过去时。如果hardly, no sooner, scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。

Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

我刚一回家，天就开始下雨了。

[即时演练4]　句型转换

I found myself in an entirely new world as soon as I arrived in Beijing.

→①I found myself in an entirely new world immediately/instantly/directly I arrived in Beijing.

→②I found myself in an entirely new world themoment/minute/instant I arrived in Beijing.

→③Nosooner had I arrived in Beijing than I found myself in an entirely new world.

→④Hardly had I arrived in Beijing when I found myself in an entirely new world.

5．the first time, the last time ...等作连词引导时间状语从句

the first time (第一次……的时候), the last time (上次……的时候), by the time (到……的时候为止), every/each time (每次……的时候), next time (下次……的时候)等也可作连词，引导时间状语从句。

Each time he went to Beijing, he would call on his former teachers.

每次他去北京，都会去探望他以前的老师们。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.

你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成这项工作了。

The first time we met, we were at a party.

第一次见面时，我们在参加一个聚会。

[名师点津]by the time引导的时间状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，此时主句应使用将来完成时；当从句中用一般过去时时，主句应使用过去完成时。

[即时演练5]　用所给词的适当形式填空

①The first time I got (get) there alone, I was frightened.

②Every time I try (try) to visit him in the office I’m told he is in a meeting.

③The last time I visited (visit) her, she was studying at a medical college.

④Remember to send me a photo of us the next time you write (write) to me.

⑤By the time he was ten, he had_studied (study) advanced math.

⑥By the time we graduate, we will_have_stayed (stay) here for five years.

二、省略

为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句子中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。按照省略的部分可分为句子成分的省略和词的省略。

1．简单句及并列句中的省略

(Ⅰ) beg your pardon.

请您原谅。/请再说一遍。

Some of us study Japanese; others (study) English.

我们中有些人学习日语，有些人学习英语。

—Do you know Mr Li?

—I don’t know (him)．

——你认识李先生吗？

——不认识。

She washed (the shirt), ironed (the shirt), and folded the shirt.

她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。

Sorry, (you’ve dialed the) wrong number.

对不起，你拨错号了。

[即时演练6]

(1)补全下列句子

①Like a drink?

Would_you_like_a_drink?

②—I’m hungry.

—Are you?

Are_you_hungry?

③—Show me your essay.

—I’ll show you later.

I’ll_show_you_my_essay_later.

④He is a student but I a teacher.

He_is_a_student_but_I_am_a_teacher.

(2)句型转换

①His father is a doctor and his mother is a nurse.

→His father is a doctor and hismotheranurse.

②John likes collecting stamps but he hates listening to music.

→John likes collecting stamps but hateslistening to music.

③Do you have anything else to say?

→Anything_else_to_say?

2．复合句中的省略

(1)主句中的省略

常见于句首或回答问题时，只用从句。

—Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?

—(I didn’t come to class yesterday) Because I was ill.

——你昨天为什么没来上课？

——因为我病了。

(2)宾语从句中的省略

在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。

I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.

我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。

(3)状语从句中的省略

当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有 be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：

①在as, before, till, until, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。

While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.

当我正沿街而行时，我听到有人叫我的名字。

②在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中。

Though (they were) tired, they went on working.

虽然累了，但他们继续工作。

③在if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中。

You shouldn’t come to his party unless (you are) invited.

除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。

④在as, as if, as though等引导的方式状语从句中。

He did as (he was) told.

他按要求去做了。

[名师点津]在虚拟语气中，常省掉if，从句使用倒装句式。

Were I you (＝If I were you), I should give that guy a good lesson.

如果我是你的话，我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。

(4)定语从句中的省略

①一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who, whom可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。

The man (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.

你昨天见到的那个人病倒了。

The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill.

那个人病倒了，你昨天见到他了。

②当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in which 或that，也可以省略。

The way (in which/that) these comrades treat problems is wrong.

这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。

[即时演练7]

(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空

(浙江高考改编)There are some health problems that, when not treated (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.

(2)在句中能省略的部分下面画线

①I believe that she will help you and that you will succeed.

②I’ll give you all that I have as long as you are happy.

③Whenever it_is possible, he will come to my help.

(3)句型转换

①If it is necessary, we shall send a telegram home.

→Ifnecessary,_we shall send a telegram home.

②Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know who has used it.

→Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know who.

③I won’t go to the wedding unless I am invited.

→I won’t go to the wedding unlessinvited.

3．动词不定式中的省略

动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况，一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。

(1)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况

①一些表示心理活动，情感态度的动词或短语，如expect, want, hope, wish, love, hate, decide, plan, mean, try, would like, be ready, be afraid, be glad等后，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。

—Will you go with me?

—Well, I’d like to.

——你愿意和我一起去吗？

——嗯，我愿意(和你一起去)。

②不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个不定式。

You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to.

如果他命令你，你最好按时完成工作。

[名师点津]　如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态，则需在to后加上be或have。

—Are you a lawyer?

—No, but I hope to be.

——你是律师吗？

——不是，但是我希望是。

—Have you been to the West Lake?

—I hope to have.

——去过西湖吗？

——希望去过。

(2)省略动词不定式符号to的情况

①动词不定式作感官动词feel, see, notice, watch, find, hear, listen to, observe和使役动词have, make, let等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。

We often hear him sing the song at home.

→He is often heard to sing the song at home.

我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。

②两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and, or, than, but连接时，从第二个不定式起，往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不省略。

She’d like to take off her coat and have a break.

她想脱去外套休息一会儿。

It’s more difficult to do than to say.

(强调语意前后对比)做比说难。

③在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。

Why get so excited?

为什么变得那么激动？

[名师点津]but，except作介词，后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，反之则要带to。

She could do nothing but cry.

她除了哭什么也做不了。

He has no choice but to leave.

他别无选择只有离开。

[即时演练8]

(1)单句改错

①They had seen her to grow up from childhood.去掉to

②The teacher came not to punish you but help you. but后加to

③She was made work for ten hours a day. work前加to

④I have no choice except accept his conditions. accept前加to

(2)用适当的词完成省略句

(新课标全国卷I改编)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．When he comes I’ll tell him about it.

2．Great changes have taken place since you told me the technique of singing.

3．It was 3 months before the book was published.

4．I’ll trust you to behave responsibly while I’m out.

5．John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.

6．—Bob is always complaining about not having any money.

—The problem is that he doesn’t work hard and never has.

7．We did not start until the sun rose in the east.

8．—Are you on holiday?

—No, but I’d like to_be (be)．

Ⅱ.翻译句子，并把省略部分用括号标出来

1.很高兴见到你。

(I’m)_Glad_to_see_you._

2．有什么差错吗？

(Is_there)_Anything_wrong?

3. ——今晚你愿意来吃晚饭吗？

—— 我愿意。但我很忙。

—Would_you_like_to_come_to_dinner_tonight?

—I’d_like_to_(_come_to_dinner)．_But_I’m_too_busy.__

4.——你上个月去上海了吗？

——没有。但我计划要去。

—Did_you_go_to_Shanghai_last_month?

—No,_I_planned_to_(go_to_Shanghai_last_month)．

5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我想它对于我来说将是一次新的挑战。

I_think_(that)_it’ll_be_a_new_challenge_to_me.

6．这是李小姐昨天买的书。

This_is_the_book_(that)_Miss_Li_bought_yesterday.

7．他教英语， 他的哥哥教数学。

He_teaches_English_and_his_brother_(teaches_)_maths._

8．北京秋天的天气比春天要好。

The_weather_in_autumn_in_Beijing_is_better_than(the_weather)_in_spring_(in_Beijing)．

9．(2014·四川高考满分作文)此外，也许你最关注的是在考试时我真的很紧张不安。

In_addition,_what_may_interest_you_most_is_that_I_am_really_nervous_and_upset_when_(I_am_)_taking_the_exam.

10．(2015·全国卷I满分作文)我希望你喜欢为我们的报纸写稿。

I_hope_(that)_you_enjoy_writing_for_our_newspaper.

Ⅲ.短文改错

With the living standard rises, there is a large amount waste on campus. For example, some students tend to leave the lights on during the day and water run after washing. They also throw away the food what they don’t like. So it is highly time we dealt with these problems. Here are what I think we should do：

First of all, we should turn off the lights and the tap before we use them. Secondly, we’d better eating up what we buy in the school cafeteria. More importantly, we should form habit of saving natural resources however we do.

答案：第一句：rises→rising; amount后加of

第二句：run→running

第三句：what→that/which

第四句：highly→high

第五句：are→is

第六句：before→after

第七句：eating→eat

第八句：habit前加a; however→whatever