四级晨读美文记单词(6)
时间:2023-03-15 11:35:48 下载该word文档
学英语找长喜
四级晨读美文
Unit6SchoolingandEducation学校教育
Text1DevelopmentofAmericanPublicEducationAsmightbeexpected,educationalinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesreflectthenation’sbasicvalues,especiallytheidealofequalityofopportunity.Fromelementaryschoolthroughcollege,Americansbelievethateveryonedeservesanequalopportunitytogetagoodeducation.Fromthebeginning,whenAmericansestablishedtheirbasicsystemofpublicschoolsin1825,theyreaffirmedtheprincipleofequalitybymakingschoolsopentoallclassesofAmericans,andfinancingtheschoolswithtaxmoneycollectedfromallcitizens.ThosewhofavoredthesepublicschoolsbelievedthattheseinstitutionswouldhelpreducesocialclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStatesbyeducatingchildrenofallsocialclassesinthesame“commonschools”,astheywereknownatthetime.WhenAlexisdeTocquevillearrivedintheUnitedStatesin1831,hefoundagreatdealofenthusiasmaboutthenewandgrowingpublicelementaryschools.ThemayorofNewYorkCitygaveaspecialdinnerfordeTocqueville,duringwhichatoastwasofferedinhonorof“Education—theextensionofourpublicschools—anationalblessing.”
BecausehewasaFrencharistocrat,deTocquevilleatfirstsharedthefearsofsomewealthyAmericanswhobelievedthatuniversaleducationwouldbeadangerratherthananationalblessing.Heeventuallydecided,however,thatthetendencyofpubliceducationtoencouragepeopletoseekahigherstatusinlifewasinharmonywith,notinconflictwith,thecustomsofAmericansociety.TheidealofequalopportunityforallregardlessoffamilybackgroundwasmuchstrongerintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance.DeTocquevillealsonotedthatAmericanpubliceducationhadastrongpracticalcontentthatincludedtheteachingofvocational(职业上的skillsandthedutiesofcitizenship.Thus,publiceducationnotonlygaveAmericansthedesiretobetterthemselves,butitalsogavethemthepracticaltoolstodoso.Moreover,thematerialabundance(充足oftheUnitedStatesprovidedmaterialrewardsforthosewhotookfulladvantageoftheopportunityforapubliceducation.Duringthenextcenturyandahalf,publicschoolsintheUnitedStateswereexpandedtoincludesecondaryorhighschools(grades9-12andcollegesanduniversities,withbothundergraduateandgraduatestudies.[A]blessing[B]citizenship[C]content[D]deserves[E]distinctions[F]elementary[G]favored[H]financing[I]harmony[J]institutions