胡敏---应用文解密
<胡敏>考研应用文写作
样题
Directions:
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1) detailed information about the books you want,
2) methods of payment,
3) time and way of delivery.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

范文
Dear Sir/Madam

I am writing to express my interest in purchasing several titles from your bookstore. The books that I would like to buy are A Students' Guide to Correct English Usage by Edwin James, and A College Dictionary for Advanced English by John Black. Could you let me know how much these books will cost? Which methods of payment does your store accept? Can you deliver them by express mail? How long will it take the books to reach me? If possible, I would like to pay by check and have the books sent directly to my dorm. Many thanks for any assistance you are able to provide.

Yours Sincerely,

Li Ming

(Word Count: 113 words)


这篇文章共113个词，符合字数标准。下面依据评分标准的五个方面，分析得分的关键。
1．是否包含所有内容要点？题目要求信中必须提到三点：1）要买的书的详细信息。信息包含两个方面：提供给书店的信息和从书店索取的信息。范文的第二句话列出了两本书的题目和作者，给书店提供了明确充分的信息。第三句话向书店询价，以便决定是否购买。这里，书名的写法也是考点之一。在印刷品中，书名用斜体，而在手写稿中，为了便于区分，书名用下划线突出。2）付款方式。范文第四句话分别询问书的价格和付款方式。methods of payment这几个词在题目中出现过，这样写是允许的，但不能使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子，否则会被扣分。3）配送所需时间和方式。这两点在范文的第五、六句话中都已提及。可见，范文包含了所有的内容要点。
2．是否使用丰富的语法结构和词汇？即考查句型和词汇的灵活使用，强调变化，切忌单调、重复。先看句型，粗粗一看，没有简单重复。虽然连续提出的四个问题中，第一和第三个语法结构差不多，分别是Could you...，Can you...，但用了不同的词，避免单调。这封信里出现次数最多的词是book，作者很用心，在第一句中就用了大多数同学不会想到的一个词：title，它除了“题目，标题”的常用意思之外，还可以表示“（书刊等的）一种，一本”。第一句话的用词就与众不同，会给考官一个很好的第一印象。另一个使用频率高的词是buy，文章同样采用了先声夺人的做法，第一句用了purchase这个稍有难度的词。在提到配送方式时，用了deliver和send两个词，避免重复。在语法结构和词汇的丰富性方面，文章做得也不错。
3．语言是否自然流畅，是否有语法错误？总体而言，范文读起来很流畅，几乎没有语法错误，唯一的错误就是在称呼后面缺少逗号。
4．是否采用了多种衔接手法，文字是否连贯，层次是否清晰？由于内容的关系，这封信没有使用诸如and，but，however之类的连接词，但读起来仍然很连贯，因为用了另一种衔接手法，用“书”串起全文。第一句：purchasing several titles，第二句：the books that I would like to buy，第三句：these books……第一次提过之后，就用不同的定冠词来特指这些书。层次也很清晰，首先说明写信的意图，然后按照提示语的顺序层层展开。
5．格式和语域是否恰当贴切？应用文的格式是考查的一个重点。书信的格式包括以下几个要素：1）称呼。因为这封信是给书店销售部的，并不知道收信人是男士还是女士，所以写Dear Sir/Madam，后面应该有“,”。2）正文。写作有两种基本格式：缩进式和齐头式。缩进式每段开头空四个字母，段与段之间不空行；齐头式每段开头顶格，段与段之间空一行。在考试中，建议考生使用齐头式，目前多数商务书信或正式的书信都采用这种格式。这封信就是用齐头式。3）落款。Yours sincerely是最常用的落款，适用各种关系的人之间。语域是指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般及非正式体。对于书信而言，要根据收信人身份判断所采用的话语方式。如果是寒暑假时同学间的书信，就要用非正式体。这封信应该用正式体，范文中的称呼和落款都体现了这一点。另外，范文所用的一些句型也采用了正式体，例如：I am writing to express my interest in ...，Many thanks for any assistance you are able to provide. 需要提醒考生注意的是落款的姓名应与称呼相对应，写给一个机构的信，落款应当是全名，如果是写给关系密切的人，只写名字就可以，但一般会在前面加上祝福语，常用的有：Best regards，Best wishes，或With lots of love，写给机构和关系不密切的人不必用祝福语。
以上是书信写作的要点。请考生对照这些要点，就下面两道模拟题练习写作。（未完待续）

模拟题一
You have lost your library card and must write a letter to the librarian requesting a new card. In your letter you should:
1. give your personal details including name, major and student number,
2. indicate when you lost your card,
3. ask about replacement costs and when your new card will be ready.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

模拟题二
You are applying for a dorm room at your university and need to write a letter to the housing department. In your letter you should:
1. give detailed information about the type of room you want,
2. indicate the period for which you need the room,
3. ask about the cost of the room.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address

<胡敏>决战新考研（二）
——2005年考研英语新题型实例剖析（二）：便笺写作 备忘录写作
7月26日，教育部考试中心最新公布的2005年考研英语大纲发生以下三点重大变化：
1． 全国统一的英语考试中，听力部分取消，听力考核放到复试阶段进行。
2． 阅读理解增加了选择搭配题，一篇500到600字的文章中有五段空白，文章后有六七段文字，要求考生根据文章的内容选择恰当的文字填入原文，使文章的总体逻辑结构完整。
3． 写作分成两部分：第一部分是应用文写作，包括书信、便笺、备忘录等，要求写100字左右；第二部分是短文写作，这部分字数要求跟以往不一样，以往要求写200多字，现在要求写160字到200字之间。

便笺写作（Note Writing）

便笺写作（Note Writing）实际上与书信写作（Letter Writing）大致相似，但有三点主要不同：
1. 便笺较随便，因此语气通常更轻松，格式和语言都是如此。
2. 通常便笺较短，应言简意赅，这意味着你必须略去冗余信息。
3. 便笺写起来往往更具个性化，通常语言更接近口语，更直接。

样 题：
Directions:
You are late for an appointment with a professor. You also have books that are due at the library in a few hours. Write a note to your roommate asking if she could return the books for you. In return for the favor, offer to buy her lunch.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

范文：
Dear Jane,

I have a big favor to ask you. I am late for my appointment with Professor Jones, and need to go directly to his office. I also have two books that are due back at the library this evening. As I will not be able to get to the library before it closes, I was wondering if you would possibly have the time to return the books for me.

I realize this is a big favor to ask of you, as you are also very busy. In return for help, I would like to buy you lunch tomorrow. Thanks in advance!

译文：
亲爱的简，

我要请你帮个大忙。我与琼斯教授有个约会，现在已经晚了，我得直接去他的办公室。可我还有两本书要还图书馆，今晚就到期了。我可能在图书馆关门之前赶不到那里，所以我想知道你能否有时间帮我还。

我知道你也很忙，这可真太麻烦你了。为了感谢你帮忙，我明天请你吃午饭吧。谢谢！

模拟题一：
Your roommate has been very busy and has neglected to clean his part of the dormitory in an appropriate length of time. Write a note asking him to rectify the situation.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.


模拟题二：
An acquaintance of yours is selling textbooks that you require for a course you are taking next semester. Write him a note enquiring about the books’ conditions and prices.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

备忘录写作（Memo Writing）

备忘录是一种正式的专业文件。它结构清晰、阅读方便、传递迅速，经常为公司或团体所使用。

大多数备忘录的特点是简明扼要，但它们同时也应具备优秀应用文的其他写作原则：面向你的读者，表达清楚且准确。

备忘录通常提出请求或发布人们对某个具体问题的迅速反应。备忘录简洁短小，各部分题目虽然看上去有些唐突，但它们可以使读者对事情有个大致了解并快速做出反应。

备忘录通常要发送、张贴、转寄，也就是说它们要迅速送到很多人手里。粗心就会出错，其影响会迅速扩大，因为为了纠正错误人们往往会写更多的备忘录。备忘录也要归档，这意味着它们将来有一天还会纠缠你。事实上“memo”来自于拉丁语“memorandum”，意思是“必须记住的东西”。

备忘录的常见格式
备忘录书端（Header）：书端是写在备忘录开头的压缩信息。情况不同，书端的格式可能不同，但是通常应采用下面这种格式。

Date: January 24, 1998
To: F. Prefect
From: A. Dent
Subject: My Suggested Revisions to the Local Demolition Schedule

日期：1998年1月24日
致： F. 普里费科特
自： A. 邓特
事由：关于地方拆除计划的建议修订案
日期：要采用正式的全部拼写。在有些国家，“12/01/98”是指“1998年12月1日”，而在其他国家却是“1998年1月12日”。
致和自：通常，省去诸如“教授”或“先生”这类头衔。“自：”后面写你名字的首字母大写，然后接你的姓。
事由：要具体。
备忘录目的（Purpose）：阐明写作原因。采用回答记者问题的方式，回答：who，what，when，where and why。

样 题：
Directions:
You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester. Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

范文：
Date: August 10, 2004
To: All students
From: A. Buttle
Subject: Journalist Position Available for the Summer Semester

The student newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester. Applicants should currently be studying at the university, and should preferably have at least two years’ writing experience.

The successful applicant will be expected to write two articles every week on happenings in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August. The salary for the position is negotiable and will be based on experience. If you are interested, please send your resume to the campus newspaper office.

译文：
日期：2004年8月10日
致： 全体学生
自： A. 巴特尔
事由：夏季学期记者招聘

学生报正在招聘夏季学期的记者。条件是应聘人应是本校的在校生，最好至少有两年的写作经验。

被聘者将每周写两篇关于这个城市和校园的报道。工作是从五月底开始，一直持续到八月底。工资待议，且会以其经历为依据。感兴趣者，请把你的简历寄到学校报社。

模拟题一：
You are organizing a movie night in your dormitory. Write a memo to be posted on the bulletin board inviting your fellow students to join in on the fun. Your memo should describe when and where the movie will be shown and should ask for suggestions on appropriate movies.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

模拟题二：
Your best friend is moving to another city this year. You want to hold a going away dinner in his honor. Write a memo to your mutual friends stating the reason for the celebration, and the time and locale of the party.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2