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时间：2023-10-11 08:11:05 下载该word文档

20XX年有关于狗狗的英文文章
Therelationshipbetweenpeopleanddogsisunique.Amongdomesticatedanimals,onlydogsarecapableofperformingsuchawidevarietyofrolesforhumans:herdingsheep,sniffingoutdrugsorexplosivesandbeingourbelovedcompanions.Itishardtobepreciseaboutwhenthefriendshipbegan,butareasonableguessisthatithasbeengoingstrongformorethan20,000years.IntheChauvetcaveintheArdècheregionofFrance,whichcontainstheearliestknowncavepaintings,thereisa50-metretrailoffootprintsmadebyaboyofabouttenalongsidethoseofalargecanidthatappearstobepart-wolf,part-dog.Thefootprints,whichhavebeendatedbysootdepositedfromthetorchthechildwascarrying,areestimatedtobeabout26,000yearsold.人类与狗狗的关系相当特殊。在家饲的动物中，只有狗狗能胜任如此之多的角色：牧羊犬、缉毒犬、排爆犬、伴侣犬。很难准确的说这种友谊从何时开始的，但是一个合理的猜测是，这种友谊是过去长达2万多年时间以来逐渐加深的。在法国阿尔代什地区的肖维岩洞内，发现的现今所知最早的壁画，一个大约10岁的男孩留下的50米的足迹旁是一串大型半狼半狗的犬科动物足迹。从男孩所举的火把落下的灰烬可推算出，这串足迹距今大约2.6万年了.Thefirstproto-dogsprobablyremainedfairlyisolatedfromeachotherforseveralthousandyears.Astheybecameprogressivelymoredomesticatedtheymovedwithpeopleonlarge-scalemigrations,mixingtheirgeneswithothersimilarlydomesticatedcreaturesandbecomingincreasinglydog-like(andless1/7

wolf-likeintheprocess.ForJohnBradshaw,abiologistwhofoundedtheanthrozoologydepartmentattheUniversityofBristol,havingsomeideaabouthowdogsgottobedogsisthefirststagetowardsgainingabetterunderstandingofwhatdogsandpeoplemeantoeachother.Partofhisagendaistoexplodethemanymythsabouttheclosenessofdogstowolvesandthemistakesthatthishasledto,especiallyinthetrainingofdogsoverthepastcenturyorso.始祖狗最初都是独来独往的，这一状况维持了数千年。但当它们被逐渐驯化后，跟随人类进行大规模迁徙，使得它们的基因与其它相似的家饲动物的基因发生了融合，渐渐的它们看上去更像狗而非狼了。作为Bristol大学的人类与动物关系学系的创始人，生物学家Mr.JohnBradshaw认为，要想更好的理解狗狗与人类的关系，首先得具备一些关于狗狗进化的知识。他的一部分工作是探究很多有关狗与狼之间传说中的亲缘关系，及由此产生的各种误解。特别是过去一个世纪以来的狗狗驯化的过程。
Oneideahasgoverneddogtrainingforfartoolong,MrBradshawsays.Wolfpacksaresupposedlydespotichierarchiesdominatedbyalphawolves.Dogsarebelievedtobehaveinthesamewayintheirdealingswithhumans.Thustrainingadogeffectivelybecomesacontestfordominanceinwhichtherecanbeonlyonewinner.Toachievethisthetrainermustuseavarietyofpunishmenttechniquestogainthedog'ssubmissiontohismastery.Justlettingadogpassthroughadoorbeforeyouorstandonthestairsaboveyouistoriskencouragingittobelievethatitisgettingtheupperhandoveryouandtherestofthehousehold.MrBradshawarguesthatthetheorybehindthisapproachisbasedonbadandoutdatedscience.2/7

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