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2018_2019学年高中英语Unit8Adventure英美文化欣赏学案北师大版必修3

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【导读】　《银椅》讲述了主人公尤斯塔嘶和波尔在寄宿学校被一群坏学生追赶，意外闯入纳尼亚。两个少年接受狮王阿斯兰的重托，寻找凯斯宾国王失踪的独子——瑞廉王子。在忠实的伙伴沼泽怪的帮助下，他们经过重重考验，终于在地下王国找到王子。王子劈毁银椅，斩杀了地下女王，重回纳尼亚。

“MY name is Golg，” said the gnome.“And I'll tell your Honours all I know.About an hour ago we were all going about our work—her work，I should say—sad and silent，same as we've done any other day for years and years.Then there came a great crash and bang.As soon as they heard it，everyone says to himself，I haven't had a song or a dance or let off a squib for a long time; why's that? And everyone thinks to himself，why，I must have been enchanted.And then everyone says to himself，I'm blessed if I know why I'm carrying this load，and I'm not going to carry it any farther: that's that.And down we all throw our sacks and bundles and tools.Then everyone turns and sees the great red glow over yonder.And everyone says to himself，What's that? and everyone answers himself and says，There's a crack or chasm split open and a nice warm glow coming up through it from the Really Deep Land，a thousand fathom under us.”

“Great Scott，” exclaimed Eustace，“are there other lands still lower down？”

“Oh yes，your Honour，” said Golg.“Lovely places; what we call the Land of Bism.This country where we are now，the Witch's country，is what we call the Shallow Lands.It's a good deal too near the surface to suit us.Ugh! You might almost as well① be living outside，on the surface itself.You see，we're all poor gnomes from Bism whom the Witch has called up here by magic to work for her.But we'd forgotten all about it till that crash came and the spell broke.We didn't know who we were or where we belonged.We couldn't do anything，or think anything，except what she put into our heads.And it was glum and gloomy things she put there all those years.I've nearly forgotten how to make a joke or dance a jig.But the moment the bang came and the chasm opened and the sea began rising，it all came back.And of course we all set off as quick as we could to get down the crack and home to our own place.And you can see them over there all letting off rockets and standing on their heads for joy.And I'll be very obliged to your Honours if you'll soon let me go② and join in.”

“I think this is simply splendid，” said Jill.“I'm so glad we freed the gnomes as well as ourselves when we cut off the Witch's head! And I'm so glad they aren't really horrid and gloomy any more than the Prince really was well，what he seemed like.”

“That's all very well，Pole，” said Puddleglum cautiously.“But those gnomes didn't look to me like chaps who were just running away.It looked more like military formations，if you ask me.Do you look me in the face，Mr.Golg，and tell me you weren't preparing for battle？”

“Of course we were，your Honour，” said Golg.“You see，we didn't know the Witch was dead.We thought she'd be watching from the castle.We were trying to slip away without being seen.And then when you three came out with swords and horses，of course everyone says to himself：Here it comes，not knowing that his Honour wasn't on the Witch's side.And we were determined to fight like anything rather than give up③ the hope of going back to Bism.”

“I'll be sworn it is an honest gnome，” said the Prince.“Let go of it，friend Puddleglum.As for me，good Golg，I have been enchanted like you and your fellows，and have but newly remembered myself.And now，one question more.Do you know the way to those new diggings，by which the sorceress meant to lead out an army against Overland？”

“Ee­ee­ee！” squeaked Golg.“Yes，I know that terrible road.I will show you where it begins.But it is no manner of use your Honour asking me to go with you on it.I'll die rather.”

“Why？” asked Eustace anxiously.“What's so dreadful about it？”

“Too near the top，the outside，” said Golg，shuddering.“That was the worst thing the Witch did to us.We were going to be led out into the open—on to the outside of the world.They say there's no roof at all there; only a horrible great emptiness called the sky.And the diggings have gone so far that a few strokes of the pick would bring you out to it.I wouldn't dare go near them.”

“Hurrah! Now you're talking！” cried Eustace，and Jill said，“But it's not horrid at all up there.We like it.We live there.”

“I know you Overlanders live there，” said Golg.“But I thought it was because you couldn't find your way down inside.You can't really like it—crawling about like flies on the top of the world！”

“What about showing us the road at once？” said Puddleglum.

“In a good hour，” cried the Prince.The whole party set out.The Prince remounted his charger，Puddleglum climbed up behind Jill，and Golg led the way.As he went，he kept shouting out the good news that the Witch was dead and that the four Overlanders were not dangerous.And those who heard him shouted it on to others，so that in a few minutes the whole of Underland was ringing with shouts and cheers，and gnomes by hundreds and thousands，leaping，turning cart­wheels，standing on their heads，playing leap­frog，and letting off huge crackers，came pressing round Coalblack and Snowflake.And the Prince had to tell the story of his own enchantment and deliverance at least ten times.

In this way they came to the edge of the chasm.It was about a thousand feet long and perhaps two hundred wide.They dismounted from④ their horses and came to the edge，and looked down into it.A strong heat smote up into their faces，mixed with a smell which was quite unlike any they had ever smelled.It was rich，sharp，exciting，and made you sneeze.The depth of the chasm was so bright that at first it dazzled their eyes and they could see nothing.When they got used to it they thought they could make out a river of fire，and，on the banks of that river，what seemed to be fields and groves of an unbearable，hot brilliance—though they were dim compared with the river.There were blues，reds，greens，and whites all jumbled together: a very good stained­glass window with the tropical sun staring straight through it at midday might have something the same effect.Down the rugged sides of the chasm，looking black like flies against all that fiery light，hundreds of Earthmen were climbing.

“我名叫戈尔格，”小精灵说，“我要把我所知道的全告诉各位大人。大约一小时以前，我们都在干着自己的活——我该说是她的活——大家又伤心又沉默，跟我们多少年来其他任何一天干活一模一样。接着传来了轰隆隆一声巨响。他们一听见这个声音，每个人都对自己说我已经很久没唱一支歌，没跳一支舞，没放一只爆竹了；那是为什么呢？每个人心里都在想，咦，我一定是被魔法迷住了。接着每个人还对自己说，要是我知道自己为什么要搬这么重的东西就好了，我就再也不打算搬下去了。就那么回事。于是我们把口袋、包裹和工具都扔下。随后大家就转身去看那边一大片红光。每个人都对自己说，那是什么啊？大家都自问自答说，原来有条裂缝或缺口豁开了，从几千英寻以下，真正的深层地底照上来一股好暖和的光哟。”

“老天爷，”尤斯塔斯惊叫道，“还有另外的地方比这儿更低吗？”

“哦，有的，大人，”戈尔格说。“可爱的地方。我们管它叫比斯姆国。我们现在所在的国家是女巫的国家，我们管它叫浅地。对我们来说，这儿离地面太近，不适合我们居住。呃！你还不如住在外面，住到地面上去呢。你瞧，我们都是从比斯姆国来的可怜的小精灵，是女巫用魔法把我们招到这儿来为她干活的。可是我们把这些事全忘了，直到传来轰隆一响，魔法破了才想起来。我们不知道自己是什么人，从哪儿来。我们除了她灌到我们头脑里的东西，什么也不能干，什么也不能想。这么多年来她灌到我们头脑里全是些阴郁、愁闷的东西。我几乎已经忘掉了怎么说笑话，怎么跳快步舞了。不料轰隆一响，裂缝豁开了，海水开始涨起来了，一切才又想了起来。当然，我们大家都赶快出发，从裂缝下去，回到我们自己的地方去。而且你们能看见他们在那边放焰火，竖蜻蜓，闹着玩儿。要是你们能马上让我走，跟大家一道回去，我将十分感激各位大人。”

“我认为这简直太好了，”吉尔说，“我真高兴我们砍下女巫的头既解救了自己也解救了小精灵！而且我也很高兴他们其实并不那么可怕和忧郁，正如王子其实也并不是——嗯，看上去这副模样。”

“这固然很好，波尔，”普德格伦谨慎地说，“但那些小精灵在我看来并不像只是在逃跑。依我说呀，它们更像一些军事队形。看着我的脸，戈尔格先生，告诉我，你们不是在准备打仗吗？”

“我们当然准备打仗，大人，”戈尔格说，“不瞒你说，我们并不知道女巫死了。我们还以为她会从城堡里看着。我们正想法溜掉，不让她看见呢。后来你们三个出来了，拿着剑，骑着马，大家当然不免都在暗自说，这下可来了。我们不知道大人不是女巫一边的。我们决定宁可拼命战斗，也决不放弃回比斯姆的希望。”

“我敢说它是个诚实的小精灵，”王子说，“放开它，普德格伦朋友。至于我，好戈尔格，我也像你和你的同胞一样被魔法迷住过，也是刚刚想起我自己的本来面目。现在我再问一个问题。你知道那条到新挖坑道的路吗？就是女巫要领一支军队去打上面世界的那条地道？”

“咦——咦——咦，”戈尔格尖叫道，“是啊，我知道那条可怕的路。我可以指给你们看那条路从哪儿开始。但大人要叫我陪你们上那儿去，那可绝对不行，我情愿死。”

“为什么？”尤斯塔斯急切地问，“那儿有什么可怕的？”

“离上面、外面太近了，”戈尔格哆哆嗦嗦地说，“这是女巫对我们下的最毒的一手。我们就要被带出去——带到世界外面。听说，那儿根本没有顶层，只有可怕的一大块空白叫做天空。坑道已经挖得很远，只要再挖几锹就可以到外面去了。我可不敢走近那儿。”

“好哇，你这才谈得有点儿门了。”尤斯塔斯喊着说。吉尔说：“不过上面并不那么恐怖。我们喜欢那儿。我们就住在那儿。”

“我知道你们上面世界的人住在那儿，”戈尔格说，“但我认为这是因为你们找不到往地底下的路。你们不会真正喜欢那儿——像苍蝇似的在世界顶上爬来爬去。”

“你马上给我们指指路好吗？”普德格伦说。

“赶得早不如赶得巧。”王子叫道。他们这一伙就此出发。王子重新骑上了马，普德格伦爬到吉尔后面，戈尔格在前头带路。它一面走一面叫喊好消息，说女巫已经死了，这四个上面世界的人并不危险。听见它喊叫的，又把消息传给另外的小精灵，所以一会儿工夫，整个地下世界都响起了欢呼声。成千上万的小精灵跳啊，翻筋斗啊，竖蜻蜓啊，玩跳背游戏啊，放大爆竹啊，还过来围着黑炭和雪花。王子只好把他自己中了魔法以及解脱苦难的经历讲了又讲，少说也讲了十遍。

他们就这样来到了缺口的边缘。这条缺口大约有一千英尺长，两百英尺宽。他们下了马，来到缺口边缘往下看。一股强烈的热浪扑面而来，还夹杂着一种他们从来没闻到过的气味。这气味又浓又辣，又刺激，使人要打喷嚏。缺口深处很亮，开头他们的眼睛都发花了，什么也看不见。等他们习惯了这么亮的光，才觉得自己能分辨出一条火河，河的两岸似乎是田野和一种发出难以忍受、热辣辣的光的小树林——可是比起那条河来就黯然失色了。那儿五颜六色，蓝的、红的、绿的和白的全都混在一起；一面优美的彩色玻璃窗在正午时分热带阳光直射下，效果可能跟这儿差不多。在那火红的光照下，成千的地下人看上去就像黑压压一片苍蝇正顺着凹凸不平的裂缝边往下爬去。

[知识积累]

1．might as well 不妨；最好

2．let go 放手；松开

3．give up 放弃

4．dismount from 下车；下马

[文化链接]

《银椅》——寓意探究

这部童话寓意也颇为深刻，它以飞禽走兽、神怪仙妖影射人世，表明正义、善良、光明必将战胜邪恶、凶残与黑暗的人生哲理，鼓励读者坚定信念，为理想不懈奋斗。