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时间：2023-12-04 13:00:46 下载该word文档

现在完成时(1构成：现在完成时由助动词have+过去分词构成,助动词have有人称和数的变化.第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否认式直接在助动词后面加上疑问式和简单答复形式如下：否认式Ihavenot(havenYouhavenot(havennot、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前.以study为例,其否认式、疑问式HaveIstudiedHaveyoustudiedHashestudied•••?•••?•••?'tstudied••'tstudied-tstudied•••.Hehasnot(hasn'否认疑问式简单答复(肯定/否认Yes,youhave.No,youhaven•••?HaveInot(HavenHaveyounot(HavenHashenot(Hasn'(2用法：'tIstudied'tyoustudiedthestudied,t,t.,t.Yes,Ihave.No,IhavenYes,hehas.No,hehasn1现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态.说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响.Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去.I'msurewe'vemetbefOre.定我们以前见过面.Shehasarrived.她至U了.2表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently,already,just,lately,for…,sinyet等*如：Ihaven'theardfromherthesedayf^些日子我没有收到她的信.Wehaven'tseenyourecently.最近我们没有见至U你.Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了.ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.★注意：1since和for的区别since后接时间点,如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段时间,表示长达多久",如tenyears,awhile,twodays等.Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIrelandMonday.2.JillhasbeeninIrelandthreedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.2表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,由于它们表示的动作不可能持续.因此,不能说：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.xTheoldmanhasdiedfor4months.xTheyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.x以上三句话可以改为：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhasfor4months.Theyhaveonlyfor5minutes.3have(hasbeen和have(hasgone的区另k表示曾到过某地"要用"have(hasbeen表示；巴经去某地〞要用“have(hasgone试比较：Wherehashebeen?他刚刚到哪里去了？(已经回来了Wherehashegone?他上哪儿去了？(人不在TheyhavebeentoCanada.他们到过加拿大.(现在已经不在加拿大TheyhavegonetoCanada.他们到加拿大去了.(可能在路上和已经到加拿大^4现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein,但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等连用.例如：Shehasalreadycome.她已经来了.Ihaven'treaditye俄还没读过这个.MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.Ihavemethimbefore.我从前曾见过他.马红——直是个好学生.Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我经常在Ihaven'tseenhimlately.我近来没看到他.街上看见他.TheyhaveneverbeentoYanExercise:他an从未去过延安.I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.
1.Ialready(seethefilm.I(seeitlastweek.2.he(finishhisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfatherjust(comebackfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where'sLiMing?He(gototheteacher'soffice.5.I(workheresinceI(moveherein1999.6.SofarI(makequiteafewfriendshere.7.HowlongtheWangs(stayhere?Fortwoweeks.8.Ijust(finishmyhomework.9.He(gotoschoolonfooteveryday.10.you(findyoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit(befinetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Thestudents(readEnglishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey(climbthetree.14.Mymother(cometoseemenextSunday.15.I'velostmypen.you(seeitanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.1.Howlonghaveyouhere?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been2.Mygrandpadied.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.3.JanehastoBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen4.ItistenyearsIlastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet6.