高中英语语言知识网络

词语句型归纳运用

1. rise vi.

互译下列句子，归纳rise的用法。

1）每个人都知道日出东方，日落西山。__________________________________________

2) Hearing that the price of a cup of coffe has risen by ten cents, the women rose from the chair and left. ____________________________________________________

3) 暴雨过后河水暴涨。____________________________________________________

4）The wounded boy rose to his feet and said, “All the things are to be answered for”.

_________________________________________________________________________

用rise 和raise的适当形式填空

5）The temperature _________ rapidly in the afternoon.

6) After the war the standard of living was ____________rapidly.

7) When the teacher entered the classroom, the students __________to say hello to him.

8) Please _________ your hand if you have any question to ask.

9) The rent of the room has been __________ by the landlord.

要点归纳：

___________是不及物动词，可指“（日、月等）上升，升起”，反义词为set; 指“（风、云、烟雾、温度、河水、物价等）上升，上涨”时，反义词为fall; 也可意为“起身、起床”，相当于stand up, get up._________是及物动词，意为“举起、拿起、抬高、提高（声音、价格、水平等）”。

2．burst

读下面的句子，猜测burst的词性及词义

1) It’s a game in which children try to burst balloons by sitting on them. _________________

2) She burst into laughter(out laughing) to hear the news. ______________________

3) The dam burst under the weight of water. ___________________________

4) He burst into the room without knocking. ____________________

5) The buds of the cherry blossoms were bursting. ______________________

6) The words burst from her in an angry rush. _______________

要点归纳： burst 后可接一些介词或副词，构成的常用搭配有burst into (1) ____________

(2)______________; burst out doing __________________.

3. injure vt. to cause physical harm to someone or to yourself.

把下列句子译成汉语，体会injure的含义及用法。

1) Many people were badly injured in the accident and the injured were sent to the hospital immediately.

2) I know drinking can injure one’s health.

3)Her refusal injured his pride.

体会hurt, harm, wound 与 injure在句中的含义，总结其异同点。

4）His words hurt me . 他的话伤了我。

5）He fell and hurt his leg on the way home . 在回家的路上，他掉下来伤了腿。

6）Smoking seriously harmed [did harm to] his health. 吸烟严重损害了他的健康。

7）Several children were injured in the accident . 好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤。

8）The soldier was slightly wounded in the head. 那位士兵头部受轻伤。

要点归纳：

（1）________vt. 着重指健康、机能、外貌的伤害或者损害，多指意外事故造成伤害，功能损失。其名词形式为_______。“伤者”可以说“________”，视为复数。

（2）________vt.常指精神上或者肉体上的伤害，含有剧烈的疼。

（3）________vt./n.指对人或者事物造成危害，这种危害不一定是直接的，也不一定有痛楚。“伤害某人”也可用动词短语__________表达。

（4）________vt./n.通常指外力造成创伤，多指刀枪伤害，也可以指感情伤害。

4. destroy vt. 破坏，毁灭，毁掉

完成下列句子

1）The school________________________

2）_______________________the ballet career.

destroy, damage, ruin的正确形式填空

3）They managed to repair the houses that had been ____________.

4）All their hopes were __________by her letter of refusal.

5）Taylor felt that her reputation had been ____________by the newspaper article.

6）The earthquake caused extensive structural ___________.

7）Her heart was slightly __________as a result of her long illness.

8）The castle now lies in __________.

9）Jefferson was ___________by the law suit and even had no money to pay the rent.

要点归纳：

_________用作及物动词，表示严重毁坏某物，使之不复存在或无法修复，或表示毁掉某人的一生，使他对未来毫无希望。

___________主要指对价值和功能的损坏，多指车辆、房屋、庄稼等无生命的物体受到损伤或毁坏，但往往可以修复，也表示损伤某人的身体部位或对某人有不好的影响，也可以用作名词。

___________表示毁坏某种好的或有用的东西，事后此物虽还存在，但已失去了其优良的传统或特征，这种毁坏也许没有多大力量；也可以表示使某人破产，身败名裂；也可以用作名词。意味“废墟”常用复数形式________.

10) Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had __________his leg.(06年全国卷)

A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck

5．give out

翻译下面的句子，注意在句中的意义和用法。

1）The principal will give out diplomas at the graduation.____________________

2）It was given out that the President had been shot._____________________

3）The teacher gave out the examination papers to us this morning.____________________

4）The flower gives out a strange smell.____________________

5）When we were only a few miles from our destination the engine gave out.________________

6）The runner gave out in the middle of the race._____________

7）Both my strength and money gave out._____________

要点归纳：

give out在句中用作及物与不及物动词时的用法归纳：

vt._______________________________________________________________

vi._______________________________________________________________

相关连接：

表示“累极了；筋疲力尽”的短语还有：tire out, be worn out 等。例如：

Can we sit down? I’m worn out. 我们以坐下吗？我都累坏了。

由give构成的短语还有：give up放弃；give off发出（气味、光、热等）；give back 归还；give away送掉；捐赠；发送；表露；泄露；颁发

8）What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has_____?(05年山东卷)

A.given out B.put out C.held up D.used up

6. honor n./v.

选择句子中划线单词的词性和词义

A．n. 荣誉；荣幸 B。n. 尊敬；敬意 C。引起尊敬的人和事物 D。v. 尊敬 E。v.使某人感到荣幸 F。v. 颁奖

1）The athletes competed for the honor of their country.

2）He considered it a great honor to be invited there.

3）He felt honored to be invited there.

4）Teachers are honored by all in this country.

5）Will you do me the honour of dancing with me.

6）There is a party tonight in honour of our new manager.

7）He has been honored with a knighthood for his scientific work.

8）Earlier this year I had the honor of meeting the President and Mrs Bush.

要点归纳：

Honor作名词讲时，既是可数名词，又是不可数名词。做可数名词讲时，常与不定冠词连用，意为___________;做不可数名词讲时，表示__________________之意。Honor做动词讲时，为及物动词，意为_____________等。

相关短语：add honor to 为……增添荣誉；do sb. an honor/have the honor of doing sth.有幸做……；in honor of 为祝贺/纪念……；on one’s honor以名誉担保；be honored with给……荣誉

9)My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _________it.(06年陕西卷)

A. in honor of B. in memory of C. in favor of D.in search of

7．prepare vt.&vi 准备；预备；调制；配置

把下列句子翻译成汉语，并归纳prepare的用法

1) We are given two days to prepare for the exam.

2) I was preparing my speech for the meeting last night.

3) We must hope for the best and prepare for the worst.

4) It is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.

5) The team prepared themselves to accept defeat.= The team were prepared to accept defeat.

要点归纳：

prepare做“准备”讲时既可以用作______动词又可用做______动词；用作______动词时，表示“配制，调制，准备做（饭，菜）”等。

有关prepare的固定搭配：prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物；prepare for 为······作准备；prepare to do sth. 准备做某事；prepare sb. /oneself for sth. / to do sth. 使某人对······有思想准备；be well prepare for sth. / to do sth. 对某事有充分准备；

6)—What’s that terrible noise ?

—The neighbors ______ for a party .

A.have prepared B.are preparing C.prepare D.will prepare

8．judge v. 判决；判断；认为 n. 裁判；法官

互译下列句子，总结的用法。

1）下个案子谁审理？

2）I can judge that she is the best one for the job .=I can judge her to be the best one for the job .

3）他们无法断定自己是对还是错。

4) He is a famous judge at the football match .

5)Judging from what he said ,he must be wise .

要点归纳：

judge用作名词时，意为“裁判；法官”。用作动词时，意为“审判，判决；认为”；judge sth./sb.(to be)…意为“认为···是···，判断···为···”；judge by 以······来判断。

注意：非谓语短语judge from/by 表示“以······来判断”，通常作独立状语。

6) The blind man feels like ________ the color of clothes by touching them.

A. judging B. judge C. decided D. decide

9. a great/large number of 大量的

用a (great) number of /the number of填空

1) ________________boxes were lost on the way.

2) _________students absent is large.

3)________people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.

4) I have _____________letters to write.

要点归纳：

a number of =a lot of 许多；若干；修饰可数复数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数。the number of … 表示……的数量，后也常跟可数复数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

10．Think highly/much/a lot/little/poorly of…

把下列句子翻译成汉语

1) She thinks nothing of walking thirty miles a day.

2) I don’t think much of my new teacher.

3) His work is highly thought of by the critics.

4) The other scholars thought little of his theory.

要点归纳：

think highly / much / a lot of …意为“重视/看中；对……评价高”;think little / nothing of … 意为“认为……没什么；轻视/忽视”。

与think有关的短语还有：think about sb./sth.思考/考虑; think of sth 考虑到/认为/想起; think sth. out 仔细考虑/想出主意 ; think sth. over 慎重考虑; think up 想出/设计出

11．insead of

1) If you are very busy at the very time, let me do it instead.=If you are busy at the very time, ______________________________________________________.

2) In the past, my father went to school on foot___________________________(而不是乘车).

3) I have to finish my work _____________________________________(而不是外出).

要点归纳：

insead of 用作介词，意为“代替；而不”，其后可以接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语。 insead 用作副词，意为“代替地”。

12．not all

句型转换：

1)Not all the teachers teach successfully.(写出同义句)

________ _______ the teachers teach sucessfully.

2)All of them are not right.= Not all of them are right.( 写出全部否定句)

___________________________________________________

3)Both of the students are not from the factory.( 写出全部否定句)

___________________________________________________

4)Every man cannot be a mathematician.(写出全部否定句)

___________________________________________________________

5)There isn’t anything in the room.(写出同义句)

______________________________________________________

要点归纳：

not all…=all…not; some but not all意为“（三者或者三者以上）一些，但不是全部”，all, both, every加否定词表示部分否定；如果表示全部否定，要分别用none,neither,no表示。