1-物质财富 Material riches

词典释义：

material

5.ADJ 形容词 （指与抽象相对）物质的，有形的，实体的 Material things are related to possessions or money, rather than to more abstract things such as ideas or values.

  【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n

•Every room must have been stuffed with material things.每个房间肯定都塞满了东西。 

•...the material world.物质世界 

•...his descriptions of their poor material conditions.他对他们贫困的物质生活的描述

riches

['rɪtʃ.ɪz] plural noun 

■a large amount of money or valuable possessions 财富；财产 

•She donated a sizeable portion of her riches to children's charities.她将很大一部分财产捐给了儿童慈善机构。

外刊例句：

Many fault its gratuitous display of material riches. （www.economist.com）

许多人指责这种无谓的炫富。

替换表达：Material wealth

学生错误表达：Physical wealth

点评：physical是指“实体的，物质的”，例如：the physical world around us我们身边的物质世界，不能用physical wealth来指“物质财富”。

2-矛盾的，不兼容的 incompatible

词典释义：

incompatible

UK [ˌɪn.kəm'pæt.ɪ.bl] US [-'pætˌ.ə-] adjective 

■not able to exist or work with another person or thing because of basic differences 不相容的；不相容的；不能和谐相处的 

•When we started living together we realized how incompatible we were - our interests were so different.开始共同生活后，我们发现彼此是多么合不来——我们的兴趣差别太大了。

•Maintaining quality is incompatible with increasing output.保持品质和增加产量是互相对立的。

•Any new video system that is incompatible with existing ones has little chance of success.任何与现有系统不相容的新视讯系统都难以成功。

外刊例句：

A key clause in the Terrorism Act 2000 is incompatible with the European convention on human rights, the master of the rolls, John Dyson, has said as part of a court of appeal judgment. （www.theguardian.com）

2000年反恐协议中的某一关键条例在人权方面与欧盟公约相违背，而对于这一点，其制定者约翰·道森曾在法庭上诉中说过。

学生错误表达：contradictory

点评：contradictory一般指观点、事实、建议等互相矛盾（If two or more facts, pieces of advice, etc. are contradictory, they are very different from each other），这里用incompatible（ideas, systems, or machines that are incompatible are not able to work or exist together because of basic differences）更加合适。

3-充满爱的人际关系 loving relationships

词典释义：

loving ●●○○○

1.ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词 充满爱的；钟爱的；关爱的 Someone who is loving feels or shows love to other people.

•Jim was a most loving husband and father...吉姆是个非常体贴的丈夫和慈爱的父亲。 

•The children there were very loving to me.那里的孩子都很爱我。

外刊例句：

Polyamory isn’t monogamy and it isn’t swinging, it’s being open to having loving relationships with different people of different sexes at the same time, and in that way learning to love yourself, too. （www.theguardian.com）

多元之爱与一夫一妻制不同，也非指交换伴侣，它指的是：不同性别的各人群同时相互关爱对方，从而去学会爱护自己。

学生错误表达：loving relationship

点评：relationship是可数名词，这里应该改为loving relationships

1-毫无意义 (be) devoid of meaning

词典释义：

devoid

[dɪ'vɔɪd] formal 

adjective 

be devoid of sth 

■to lack or be without something that is necessary or usual 缺乏，缺少 

•Their apartment is devoid of all comforts.他们的公寓没有任何能提供舒适享受的设施。

•He seems to be devoid of compassion.他似乎缺少同情心。

外刊例句：

The agencies are, says Mr Reynolds, “the most powerful force in the capital markets that is devoid of any meaningful regulation.” （www.economist.com）

雷诺茲说，这些代理处是“资本主义市场中最强而有力的力量组织，也是最缺乏合理监管的地方”。

替换表达：meaningless

学生错误表达：Insignificant

点评：insignificant是指某事情微不足道，不值得考虑（too small or unimportant to consider or worry about），例如：You realize that your problems are insignificant in comparison.要知道，你的问题相对来说微不足道。这里应该改为meaningless

2-人生的跌宕起伏 ups and downs

词典释义：

ups and downs

plural noun 

■If someone or something experiences ups and downs, a mixture of good and bad things happens to them 盛衰；沉浮 

•Like most married couples we've had our ups and downs, but life's like that.和所有已婚夫妇一样，我们也经历过沉浮波折，但生活就是如此。

外刊例句：

They have had their ups and downs, but kept the family firm together for 150 years（www.economist.com）

他们历尽沉浮，150年来一直运营着其家族公司。

替换表达：the peaks and troughs of life

Every dollar we earned would be worthless if we had no companions with whom to share our ups and downs, joys and sorrows.

[分析]本句的主句是Every dollar we earned would be worthless，这是一个主系表结构，其中，主语是Every dollar we earned，这里we earned是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰Every dollar。一般而言，关系代词whom、that、which在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语时可省略。主句之后是由if引导的条件状语从句，其主干是we had no companions，其后是由with whom引导的定语从句，注意这里关系代词whom之后是一个不定式结构，这种“介词+关系代词+不定式结构”是一种缩略式的定语从句，本句补充完整即with whom (we can) share our ups and downs, joys and sorrows，这种情况通常出现在引导定语从句的关系代词作介词的宾语时。

1-生于富裕家庭 born into rich families

词典释义：

be born into / to / of sth ( = be born in a particular situation, type of family etc )出生于某种境况（家庭等） 

•One-third of all children are born into single-parent families.有三分之一的孩子都生于单亲家庭。

外刊例句：

The lucky ones join top teams from the start, the way some people are born into rich families.（www.theguardian.com）

幸运儿以生于富贵人家的方式，一开始就身处最好的队伍里。

替换表达：be born with a silver spoon in their mouth

学生错误表达：are born in/ from the rich families

点评：“出身于……的家庭”，其中介词应该用into；rich families是泛指，前面的定冠词the应该去掉。

2-不能算作 would not qualify as

词典释义：

qualify

3.V-ERG 及物/不及物动词 可称得上;符合；可算作 To qualify as something or to be qualified as something means to have all the features that are needed to be that thing.

•13 percent of American households qualify as poor, says Mr. Mishel...米歇尔先生说，13%的美国家庭符合贫困家庭的标准。 

•These people seem to think that reading a few books on old age qualifies them as experts.这些人似乎以为自己读了几本关于老年人的书就可以算作专家了。

外刊例句：

However, the only well fracked in the UK so far, which caused small earthquakes near Blackpool in 2011, would not qualify as fracking under the definition. （www.theguardian.com）

然而，英国目前最厉害的压裂处，尽管在2011年引起过布莱克浦的小型地震，仍谈不上是定义中的压裂带。

替换表达：would not be termed/regarded/viewed (as) sth

3-滋养心灵 nurture their souls

词典释义：

nurture

UK ['nɜ:.tʃər] US ['nɝ:.tʃɚ] verb transitive formal 

HELP DEVELOP 培育 

■to take care of, feed and protect someone or something, especially young children or plants, and help them to develop 养育，培育（尤指幼儿或植物） 

•She wants to stay at home and nurture her children.她想留在家里照顾孩子。

•a carefully nurtured garden精心打理的花园

■to help a plan or a person to develop and be successful 促进；扶助；培养 

•As a record company director, his job is to nurture young talent.作为唱片公司主管，他的职责是培养有才华的年轻人。

外刊例句：

A policy to send government research institutes or extra infrastructure funding to the places with the best plans for civic improvement could help more cities to attract Amazon-like firms—or nurture their own. （www.economist.com）

给那些有着优良计划提高城镇环境的地方兴建政府研究所或提供额外的基建基金，这种政策有助于让更多城市能吸引来像亚马逊这种优质公司——或者培育出自家的“亚马逊”。

学生错误表达：soul would be flourished

点评：flourish含义是“茁壮成长”，且它是不及物动词，不能说soul would be flourished，这里可以改为nurture their souls 、

Q：生于富裕家庭 born into rich families :请问这里可以用in么？

A：born in rich families这种说法很少见，建议使用born into rich families

1-积累财富 amass their fortunes

词典释义：

amass

[ə'mæs] verb transitive 

■to get a large amount of something, especially money or information, by collecting it over a long period 集聚，积累，大量收集（尤指钱或资讯） 

•She has amassed a huge fortune from her novels.她靠写小说慢慢积攒了一大笔钱。

•Some of his colleagues envy the enormous wealth that he has amassed.他积聚了大笔财富，这引起了一些同事的妒忌。

fortune

UK ['fɔ:.tʃu:n] US ['fɔ:r-] noun 

WEALTH 财富 

 IMPROVER  countable 

■a large amount of money, goods, property, etc 一大笔钱；大量财产 

•She inherited a fortune from her grandmother.她从祖母那里继承了一大笔财产。

•He lost a fortune gambling.他赌博输了一大笔钱。

•You can make a fortune out of junk if you call it 'antiques'.把破烂叫做“古董”，就可以从中发一笔财。

•This dress cost a (small) fortune.这条连衣裙花了很多钱。

•Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune.梵高的任何一幅作品都值一大笔钱。

外刊例句：

These tycoons, who are often likened to the robber barons of America’s Gilded Age at the turn of the 20th century, would go on to amass vastfortunes. （www.economist.com）

这些大亨宛如20世纪初美国镀金时代的强盗贵族一般，将继续大肆敛财。

替换表达：accumulate wealth

2-被视为卑鄙的人物 be regarded as despicable creatures

词典释义：

despicable

[dɪ'spɪk.ə.bl] adjective 

■very unpleasant or bad, causing strong feelings of dislike 令人厌恶的，可憎的 

•despicable behaviour令人厌恶的行为

•He's a despicable human being! 他是个令人厌恶的人！

•It was despicable of her to lie about her friend.她就朋友的事说谎实在可憎。

creature

UK ['kri:.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun countable 

■used to refer to a person when an opinion is being expressed about them …的人 

•John is a strange/weak/pathetic creature. 约翰是个怪人／软弱的人／可怜人。

•A lovely blonde creature (= a beautiful blonde woman) walked into the room.一位美丽的金发女郎走进了房间。

外刊例句：

This does seem to be a fairly forthright condemnation from one who has not quite reached her fifth birthday, yet Rosie has just experienced Mike Kenny’s re-imagining of Peter Pan in which mermaids turn out to be pretty despicable creatures. （www.theguardian.com）

这就像是刚过完5岁生日的小朋友做出的相对直率的谴责，但萝丝的确刚经历了麦克·肯尼的彼得潘再幻想创作，在此之中，美人鱼变成了让人厌恶的生物。

3-成功者 success stories

词典释义：

success story

noun countable 

■something or someone that achieves great success, often by making a lot of money 成功的事例（或人）；飞黄腾达的人 

•Angela Black's biscuit company is a rare success story in these times of recession.安杰拉‧布莱克的饼干公司是现在萧条时期里少有的成功范例。

外刊例句：

But the clifftops also afford an excellent view of one of the great success stories of Britain’s more recent integration with Europe: Dover’s eastern docks. （www.economist.com）

但此悬崖顶部也让大众很好地看到了英国与欧洲同化的最新成功事例：多佛东码头。

替换表达：successful people