课下能力提升(十九)

Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式

1．She swore (发誓) that she'd never seen him.

2．No one could have foreseen (预见) that things would turn out this way.

3．Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat (失败)．

4．Our feelings of happiness and sorrow (悲伤) are soon lost in the passing of time.

5．China has made a breakthrough in many fields in the past decades (几十年)．

6．Her devotion (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.

7．We are now engaged in a great and most glorious (glory) cause, never undertaken by our forefathers.

8．Don't defend him any more. It's obvious that he deliberately (deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.

9．I have a lot of sympathy (sympathize) for her; she has to bring up the children on her own.

10．He is my faithful (faith) friend who can share happiness and sorrow with me.

Ⅱ.选词填空

1．She gave a_series_of lectures about how to become a professional interpreter last year.

2．Hardly had we got to the destination when we set_out to fulfill the tasks with great enthusiasm.

3．There is no doubt that the ads have_an_impact_on the public life.

4．The dress you are wearing is_similar_to the one that I bought last year.

5．In_view_of the shortage of time, each person can only speak for 5 minutes.

6．The recent study has shown that people's attitudes towards protecting the environment are not consistent_with their behavior in daily life.

7．In China, children, even in their twenties depend_on their parents for food and clothing.

8．You can't go there other_than by swimming.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．他是公认的全国最优秀的诗人。

He was_generally_acknowledged_to_be/as the finest poet in the country.

2．青少年指责他们的父母误导他们。

The teens accuse_their_parents_of misleading them.

3．关于这件事，我得向经理请示一下。

I have to consult_the_manager_about the matter.

4．令我们感到宽慰的是，他的病没有我们担心得那么严重。

To_our_relief,_his illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.

5．虽然他是个富人，但是他工作很努力。

Rich_man_as_he_is,_he works hard.

Ⅳ.完形填空

The terror attacks are occurring worldwide.They have aroused countless thoughts __1__ me down.What can I do for those __2__ people, the very victims and refugees?

Yesterday I boarded a train and took my seat __3__ the carriage so I would be facing forward. Soon, a mother and her three children, two boys and a little girl, __4__ into the row of seats in front of me.The woman was wearing clothes that were __5__.I don't think you could ever find any __6__ of the clothes at any store.I was __7__ by the beautiful simplicity of these garments.They weren't expensive, fancy, or from a famous designer, __8__ they were priceless.

The little girl's eyes and mine met and locked.She smiled __9__ and gazed at me.I would receive a gift I had been hoping for. I had __10__ to connect with people from a culture that was currently suffering and in my __11__ was a warm Pakistani family. We had a conversation.I used standard conversation __12__： How old are you？Where do you study？This was a child but the depth and breadth of our conversation took it to amazing __13__. What was even more remarkable was the __14__ conversation.Her smile, her gaze and her trust __15__ touched me.

Our 45 minutes together __16__ quickly but we will always be in each other's hearts.During the time, I was in the __17__ that to do something for those unlucky people, I just needed to open my door __18__ they could come in.It is amazing what happens when you __19__ to others.People come in __20__ beautiful gifts.It's likely to start with just a kind smile.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者用自身的经历告诉我们：一个人想要去关注他人，就要敞开心扉与他们交谈。

1．A.pulling　　　　　　　　　 B．weighing

C．breaking D．cutting

解析：选B　根据下文的“What can I do for those ... refugees”可知，恐怖袭击使作者心绪翻腾，忧心忡忡。weigh down“使忧心忡忡”，符合语境。pull down“贬低，使扫兴”；break down“破坏，消除，砸破”；cut down“杀死，砍倒”。

2．A.disabled B．confused

C．disturbed D．offended

解析：选C　根据语境及下文中的“do something for those unlucky people”可知，此处指的是作者在想自己能为那些不幸的(disturbed)人做些什么。disturbed除了常见的“心神不安的，烦恼的”这些意思外，还表示“不幸的，坎坷的，多灾多难的”。confused“糊涂的，迷惑的”；offended“被冒犯的”。

3．A.at the end of B．on the top of

C．in the center of D．in the front of

解析：选A　根据空后的“so I would be facing forward”可知，作者坐在车厢的后面。at the end of“在……后面”，符合语境。

4．A.looked B．broke

C．ran D．squeezed

解析：选D　根据“a mother and her three children”“the row of seats in front of me”可知，一位母亲和她的三个孩子的座位在作者的座位的前面，而火车上的一排座位一般可坐两至三个人，所以这位母亲和她的孩子都坐的话，显然空间是不够的，他们得挤进去。squeeze“(使)挤入，挤过，塞入”符合语境。

5．A.shabby B．different

C．funny D．fashionable

解析：选B　根据下文中的“I don't think you could ever find ... by the beautiful simplicity of these garments”可知，这位母亲的衣服是特别的、与众不同的。different“与众不同的，别致的”，符合语境。shabby“破旧的，破烂的”；funny“滑稽的，奇怪的”； fashionable“流行的，时髦的”。

6．A.inspiration B．account

C．trace D．decoration

解析：选C　作者认为你在任何一家商店都找不到这些衣服的踪迹。trace“踪迹，痕迹”，符合语境。inspiration“灵感”；account“描述”；decoration“装饰”。

7．A.struck B．shocked

C．excited D．moved

解析：选A　根据语境可知，作者被这位母亲的衣服所呈现的一种简单的美所折服。be struck by/on/with sb./sth.“迷恋(某人或某物)，被(某人或某物)打动”，符合语境。

8．A.though B．so

C．and D．yet

解析：选D　这些衣服不贵重，不高档，也不是出自著名的设计师之手，但它们是无价的。前后句之间是转折关系，故用连词yet。

9．A.broadly B．hopefully

C．occasionally D．gratefully

解析：选A　根据下文中的“a warm Pakistani family”“Her smile ... touched me”以及“start with just a kind smile”可知，此处指她的脸上露出了一个开心的微笑。smile broadly“咧开嘴笑，开心地笑”。hopefully“满怀希望地”；occasionally“偶然，偶尔”；gratefully“感激地”。

10．A.refused B．expected

C．pretended D．decided

解析：选B　作者即将收到他一直想要的一份礼物。他曾期望(expected)自己能与受苦的人们接触。上文中的“hoping for”是提示。

11．A.seat B．heart

C．life D．presence

解析：选D　在作者面前的是一个热情的巴基斯坦家庭。in one's presence“当着某人的面，在某人面前”。

12．A.techniques B．pieces

C．starters D．stoppers

解析：选C　根据上文中的“standard conversation”和下文中的“How old are you？Where do you study？”可知，作者使用了常见的谈话开场白(starters)。conversation piece“(因不寻常)成为话题的东西，谈资”；conversation stopper“噎人的话，令人瞠目结舌的话”。

13．A.heights B．facts

C．changes D．conclusions

解析：选A　虽然她只是一个孩子，但是作者与她的谈话的深度和广度让谈话达到了惊人的高度。height“高度”，符合语境。

14．A.meaningful B．unspoken

C．valuable D．casual

解析：选B　根据下文中的“Her smile, her gaze and her trust”可知，更让作者感到有意思的是他们之间无声的谈话。unspoken“未说出口的，未表达的”，符合语境。meaningful“有意义的”；valuable“很重要的”；casual“随便的”。

15．A.obviously B．suddenly

C．deeply D．eventually

解析：选C　根据空前的“Her smile, her gaze and her trust”，空后的“touched me”及下文的“we will always be in each other's hearts”可知，她的微笑、对作者的凝视及她的信任深深地触动了作者。deeply“深深地”，符合语境。

16．A.flew away B．flew past

C．came along D．came apart

解析：选B　此处指作者与小女孩在一起的45分钟转瞬即逝。fly past“(时间)逝去，过去”，符合语境。fly away“飞走”；come along“出现，进展，赶快”；come apart“破裂”。

17．A.hope B．point

C．condition D．knowledge

解析：选D　在那期间，“我”知道了，要为那些不幸的人做些什么，“我”只需打开心门，以便他们能进来。in the knowledge that 是固定用法，意为“知道，了解”。

18．A.now that B．as if

C．so that D．in case

解析：选C　参见上题解析。so that“以便”，符合语境。now that“既然”；as if “好像”；in case“以防万一”。

19．A.give over B．go over

C．open up D．make up

解析：选C　根据文中内容可知，一个人要去关注他人，就要敞开心扉与别人交谈，这种感觉很让人惊叹。open up “畅所欲言，直抒胸臆”，符合语境。go over to sb.“向某人走过去”；make up to sb.“讨好，奉承，巴结”。

20．A.packing B．bearing

C．designing D．recommending

解析：选B　根据上文的内容可知，与小女孩的交谈使作者得到了与遭遇不幸的人有所接触的机会，也帮助作者明白了他该如何帮助那些不幸的人。这些对作者来说都可称得上是“美丽的礼物”。由此可知，此处说的是人们会带着美丽的礼物进来。bear“携带，带有”，符合语境。pack“包装”；design“设计”；recommend“推荐”。

Ⅴ.阅读理解

A

Stephen Hawking Warns Humans

Must Leave Earth Soon

Professor Stephen Hawking came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.

Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying climate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”

Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years' time and send people to Mars by 2025”．

According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics (天体物理学) and cosmology (宇宙学)．”

Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation (滥伐森林), and decimation (大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant and unthinking (考虑不周的) lot.”

The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold (开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.

语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。

1．According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space?

A．To send people to Mars.

B．To build a lunar base.

C．To send astronauts to the Moon.

D．To change the future of humanity.

解析：选C　细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。

2．The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．

A．speeded up B．stored

C．used up D．explored

解析：选C　词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。

3．What is Hawking's attitude towards the Earth's future?

A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.

C．Positive. D．Indifferent.

解析：选A　观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。

4．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.

A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger

B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet

C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people

D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth

解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。

B

I would like to talk to you about space vegetables, and to show you that space vegetables are healthy and good for you.

Space vegetables are grown from seeds that have been taken to and brought back from outer space. The seeds are affected by the radiation (辐射) and low gravity in outer space. When they are brought back to Earth, these seeds produce vegetables that are bigger, healthier and more nutritious (有营养的) than normal vegetables. However, some people worry about eating space vegetables. They think that space vegetables might not be good for us and could give us cancer as a result of their exposure (暴露) to radiation in space. People should not be scared, as space vegetables are actually perfectly healthy.

Here are some facts that you should know about space vegetables：

Space vegetables are grown from seeds that are carefully selected. When seeds are brought back from space, they are tested to make sure that the vegetables they grow will be safe to eat. There are no traces (痕迹) of radiation after testing.

Space vegetables are better for you than normal vegetables. For example, space tomatoes stay fresh for twenty days, which is one week longer than normal tomatoes. Another popular space vegetable is the peppers. Space peppers contain 20 percent more vitamin C than normal peppers.

After modified (转基因) foods came onto the market, people worried that they were eating unknown things. For example, if nut genes are put inside potatoes, people allergic (过敏的) to nuts might get very sick from eating these potatoes because they do not know they are also eating nuts. Unlike genetically modified foods, space vegetables have not been genetically changed. This means that no new genes are put into the vegetables. Therefore, they won't damage your health.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太空蔬菜，并用事实证明太空蔬菜不是转基因食品，对身体无害。

5．What's the best title of the passage?

A．Space Vegetables B．Space Exploration

C．Healthy Vegetables D．Modified Foods

解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了太空蔬菜。故选A。

6．Which of the following is NOT the advantage of space vegetables?

A．Healthy. B．Nutritious.

C．Poisonous. D．Safe.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一、二段的内容可知，太空蔬菜健康、有营养、安全并且对人有好处，所以A、B、D三项都是太空蔬菜优点，C项表示“有毒的”，当然不是优点。

7．Which of the following belongs to steps taken to ensure the quality of space vegetables?

A．After being brought to the outer space, the seeds are carefully selected.

B．When being brought back from space, seeds are tested.

C．The vegetables are exposed to radiation in space.

D．The vegetables are fresher than normal ones.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，在进入太空之前，种子是经过认真挑选的，从太空回来后，这些种子要被检测。由此可知选B。

8．According to the last paragraph, we can infer ________.

A．space vegetables belong to genetically modified foods

B．many people are allergic to space vegetables

C．space vegetables are safe to eat

D．foods that are genetically changed proved healthy

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，太空蔬菜不是转基因食品，对身体没有害处。故选C。