初中英语语法大全：直接引语和间接引语

　　语法要点：直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话， 或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。由于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化，所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

　　① 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序

　　陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said，例：

　　“I am going to the cinema. ”

　　→ She said she was going to the cinema.

　　② 一般疑问句

　　用if/whether连接，例：

　　“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.

　　→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.

　　③ 反意疑问句

　　用if/whether连接，例：

　　He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”

　　→ He asked if / whether I was a doctor.

　　④ 特殊疑问句

　　由原疑问词连接，例：

　　He asked, “Who will come to help us?”

　　→ He asked who would come to help them.

　　She said, “Where have you been， Simon?”

　　→ She asked Simon where he had been.

　　⑤ 选择疑问句

　　由 whether…or 引导，例：

　　Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”

　　→ Eddie asked whether that was a TV set or a computer.

　　⑥ 祈使句

　　用“tell /ask /order someone to do something” 结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：

　　“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.

　　→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.

　　“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.

　　→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.

　　如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应变化：

　　直接引语 间接引语

　　一般现在时 → 一般过去时

　　现在进行时 → 过去进行时

　　现在完成时 → 过去完成时

　　一般过去时 → 过去完成时

　　过去完成时 → 过去完成时

　　一般将来时 → 过去将来时

　　① 指示代词

　　this →that

　　these → those

　　② 时间状语

　　now → then

　　today → that day

　　tonight → that night

　　this morning → that morning

　　tomorrow → the next day

　　next week → the next week

　　yesterday → the day before

　　last week → the week before

　　three days ago → three days before

　　③ 地点状语 here → there

　　④ 动词 come → go

　　特别提示：以上变化要根据说话的实际情况来定，不要机械地照搬。假如就在当地转述，here 就不必改为there；如果就在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。

　　1. — My parents always tell me others late at night.

　　— They’re right. It’s not polite.

　　A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】从答语“他们说得对，那是不礼貌的”可知，“My parents always tell me…”意为“父母常叫我不要在夜里给别人打电话”。动词不定式是not to do，即tell sb. not to do sth. 。

　　2. This morning my mother asked me .

　　A. why he is not here B. how did my brother do it

　　C. what time is it D. what Judy did over the weekend

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】主句动词asked是过去式，间接引语应用与过去有关的时态，并用陈述语序，只有选项D符合要求。

　　3. They say there a new bridge across the river in two years.

　　A. will have B. is going to be C. has

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】They say句是一般现在时，又因in two years“两年之后”，间接引语要用一般将来时；there be 不可与have一起用，故答案是B。

　　4. — Could you tell me ?

　　— Glad to help.

　　A. if I have been to the Great Wall B. where did he study

　　C. how I can get to the station D. what’s your name

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】根据间接引语应该是陈述句语序，排除B、D选项，A意思不合逻辑。句中could是一种委婉语气，不要和过去时态联系在一起。

　　5. The students said they have a picnic together after the big test.

　　A. would love to B. would love C. had love D. had love

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】主句中的said是动词过去式，从after the big test可判断，间接引语应该用过去将来时；to have a picnic together是would love的宾语。

　　6. — What did the head teacher say at the meeting?

　　— He said， “We be proud of working hard. We mustn’t be lazy. ”

　　A. must B. needn’t C. may D. can’t

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】此题是一句直接引语，根据句意“我们应该以勤劳为荣，不应该懒惰”，选择A。

　　7. Who can tell me at the meeting?

　　A. what he said B. he said what

　　C. what did he say D. how he said

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】根据间接引语对连接词和语序的要求，排除B、C选项；said是及物动词，what作宾语。

　　8. Will you please tell us before you came to our city?

　　A. where do you work B. where did you work

　　C. where you worked

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】 从句应该是用陈述语序。

　　1. If you ask someone to help you carry a heavy box， what will you say?

　　【答案】Could you give/lend me a hand? 或：Could you help me，please?

　　【解析】因为请求别人帮忙，所以说话语气要委婉，使用could要比can更好。

　　2. My brother said he me have the bike as soon as he had cleaned it.

　　【答案】would let/ was going to let

　　【解析】as soon as引导的是时间状语从句，因为主句是过去式，所以从句由一般将来时改变为过去将来时。

　　3. She said to me， “Don’t write the letter with a pencil. ”

　　She told me with a pencil.

　　【答案】not to write the letter

　　【解析】直接引语是否定祈使句，变为间接引语时，用not to do sth.作宾语补足语。