Safety Inspection Strategy for Earth Embankment Dams using Fully Distributed Sensing

Abstract

Both the changes in temperature and strain during the process are used to reveal serious seepages and settlements occurring inside the embankment dam. A method for seepage and settlement monitoring in earth embankment dams using fully distributed sensing along optical fibres is proposed. The proposed monitoring system also offers the owner the strategy of the inspection and maintenance in earth embankment dams. The database in the control and maintenance center is described. In this paper, as an example, a model filled with the soil from Yellow River is built and bare optical fibers are embedded under different soil layer near the seepage path. The configuration of optical sensing cable in series of embankment dams is developed. The simulated seepage flows under various flow rates are monitored using the optical fibers and measured by a DiTeSt –STA202 distributed temperature and strain analyzer. A partial settlement within the embankment dam model is observed. The continuously decreasing temperature curve shows an abrupt dramatic increasing rate, which shows that the change is not caused by the temperature of the seepage water but the strain. The information from the monitoring center provides important reference for the expert decision-making system to ensure the safety of the embankment dam long running.

Keywords:

Embankment dam; Safety inspection; Settlement and seepage, Optical fiber sensing

1. Introduction

Embankment dams are designed to remain functional despite some acceptable steady seepage. The background task for the surveillance of an embankment dam is to monitor the changes in temperature and pressure inside the embankment dam induced by those anomalous seepages which may threaten the structure integrity. Water pressure, which is usually detected with some borehole tubes distributed along a possible seepage path, is a traditional quantity being monitored for tracking a seepage flow [1], [2]. Temperature can normally be easily measured in the standpipe using thermometers. Resistivity measurements are comparably more complicated since they require a computer-based monitoring system and minor technical installations on the dam. In spite of the effectiveness of those existing methods, none of them is suitable for continuous monitoring. With the recent advances in optical fiber sensing technology, seepage monitoring systems measuring the temperature inside the embankment dam using distributed sensing along optical fibers have been developed [3]. A preheated optical cable method is used in the dam filled with concrete core to detect seepage flow. The sensing cable is embedded at the dam toe filled with earth for the temperature measurement and other independent cables are installed at other places for the strain measurement [4]. Any excessive and unexpected seepage may lead to the failure of the embankment dam, especially in unconsolidated terrains, such as earth-filled embankment dams. However, if temperature and strain values are recorded separately, which is difficult for an early warning of the settlement in the embankment dam caused by serious seepage or piping. Moreover, the temperature change due to the seepage may become relatively stable when a higher seepage rate flow finds a fixed path through the embankment dam. Nevertheless, in dangerous cases such as those massive quake-induced lakes in China in 2008, the ability of the embankment to maintain itself under high stress needs to be investigated, since it is the main reference information for the crucial decision to either destroy the embankment dam, or to sluice by a diversion facility, or to reinforce the embankment dam to prevent an unexpected dam-break in the weaken parts. With the development of scour holes, soil and sands, stone foundation of spur dikes will be taken away by the rapid flow and the vortical flow. Even worse, spur dike may collapse, which happens in a very short time and bring serious hazard to vicinity residents. Therefore, stability problems must be detected and repaired in a timely manner. A long rod is usually employed to detect and approximate the extent of scour. Since scour occurs underwater, inspection and circumstance in-field are often rough and dangerous during flooding. The measurement results are therefore random and inaccurate which cannot be considered as foundation data to judge if a hidden disaster arises. An embankment dam especially for spur dike slide monitoring system based on fiber optic sensing technology has been proposed [5]. However, the stability and safety of embankment dams are related to many impact factors, such as seepage flow which is another kind of disaster. The entire embankment should be routinely and closely inspected for seepages, cracks, slides, and settlements. These records can help determine if a condition is new, slowly Changing ，or rapidly changing. A rapidly changing condition or the sudden development of a large crack, slide, or depression indicates a very serious problem. This paper presents an embankment dam safety management system including monitoring part to manage running condition records of the embankment dam, information and make maintenance strategy.

2. Maintenance Strategy

A successful safety and maintenance system provides reliable and meaningful embankment dam performance data to the operations and engineering personnel who are responsible for operating and maintaining the projects. The monitoring and maintaining strategy of the system is essential. There are a variety of tools or methods that are

available for embankment dam hidden disaster detecting and monitoring. The selection of methods to implement for a particular embankment dam project is in designing a successful monitoring system. Many good references that currently exist regarding the selection, design, and installation of dam safety monitoring instrumentation are available. Optical fiber sensors are selected to build a monitoring system with high level of technology, which performs good monitoring activities and mainly aims at two variables, the strain and the temperature corresponding to the information of the settlement and the seepage of embankment dams. This monitoring system excludes some places where serious destroy hardly happened or some failure is unwarranted typically fail because the system is viewed as too complex and difficult to work with. The system is reliable and provides high quality data. Developed programs have friendly and clear interface which compensate perceived unreliability and the result of poor

operations and maintenance procedures by users that do not understand the technology. However the over-use of high technology also can result in high installation costs relative to the benefits provided. This can lead to a decision not to implement the needed system improvements. By developing an effective detection and maintenance strategy in these cases, many of better benefits can be provided. A specially designed configuration to the implementation can also be very beneficial in managing the required annual capital expenditures, and also to aid in the acclimation of operations and engineering personnel to the new technology. The safety monitoring and management strategy architecture for embankment dams is shown in Figure 1. The embankment safety inspection and detection consists

two parts. One is manual inspection of minor instabilities. This part is mainly for short and isolated cracks, shallow

slide and minor settlement. The job for these dam managers is to collect and evaluate the dam monitoring data by labor effort. The other part is automatically monitoring module based on DiTeSt-STA202 instrument. This part is especially for larger cracks, deep-seated slide, and larger settlement. Among mid-sized and big embankment dams, implementing large amounts of leading and sensing cables can provide substantial benefits in the quality and reliability of the monitoring, not lower the total system cost in current market but simplify the configuration of the system. Applying the appropriate strategy of maintenance for those particular warned positions or segments of embankment dams will form a successful management system according to both part one and part two warning reports. To accomplish this objective, proper steps and details must be followed in planning and designing the system. The following paragraphs discuss the monitoring module based on DiTeSt instrument and the details of configuration for two cases of the settlement and the seepage.

1. Hidden Disast Monitoring System

3.1 Monitoring system based on fiber optics sensors

Information acquisition is the first step for a management system. The fiber optics sensing cable serves as sensor unit, which is based on the mechanism of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) in single mode optical fibers. By monitoring the Brillouin gain of the probe light in frequency domain, one can detect the temperature and the strain along optical fibers around these positions where abnormal seepage and the settlement occur. The optical fiber sensors are embedded in embankment dams and spur dikes. The configuration of the optical fiber sensors is shown in Fig.2. There are some leading cables between different spur dikes and embankment dams as well as linking DiTeSt analyzer. For the seepage, it can emerge at any location on the downstream face of embankment dams through the seepage line. If the seepage forces are large enough, the soil will be eroded from the foundation and be deposited in a cone-shaped surface near the outlet. The appearance of these "boils" is an evidence of a muddy seepage flow carrying soil particles. This shows the onset of piping and a complete failure of the dam may occur within hours. It can be manually inspected, but it may be late to implement maintenance and ensure the safety of embankment dams. The embankment dam can collapse at any moment and the responsibility over the community is serious for the manager. Fortunately, since the thermohydraulic behavior and soil mechanics are complex during this process, early detection of a serious seepage, which may even already turn into a collapse or a landslide [7], is possible and early warning is necessary. Hence, the practical real-time information is crucial to ensure the safety of the embankment dam. Both temperature changes and pressure rises around the seepage path must be monitored as completely as possible. The abrupt change from stable temperature curves to huge strain is an important signal to predict the onset of a settlement caused by a serious seepage. This indication does not only concern an early warning action, but also is helpful for making key decision at crucial moments in dangerous dams. Two types of optical sensing cables are necessarily considered to detect the information of the temperature and the strain at the same position of the embankment dam. Terminal module box actually is a container to protect fiber optic connectors.

DiTeSt-STA202 analyzer accomplishes measurement and readout for the whole system.Developed programs for general users are made to extend the function of built in operation system. The details of developed programs will be described in the following paragraph。

Illustrations

In order to investigate the strain and temperature change inside the embankment dam during the seepage and while settlement in the surface occurs, a bare optical fiber sensor is installed to monitor the two quantities while simulations are simultaneously carried out using a specially designed simulation kit. It turns out to be quite easy and flexible to monitor the signal without long waiting and difficulty to seek for and track a serious seepage flow in the real embankment dam. The boundary conditions can be modified to explore the relationship between the seepage flow and the settlement. Once the embankment dam model equipped with the optical fibers is set up and ready to use, a zincificated steel tube embedded in advance inside the model was pulled out quickly. The iced-water in the tank enters into the embankment dam model through the external water pipe and flows into the seepage path. This latter was previously pre-formed using the zincificated steel tube to saturate the soil in the embankment dam model. The signal is continuously measured during the saturating process. The water flux is controlled using a water control valve. One day later, the seepage path around the man-made water drainage route is assumed to be formed. Some new ice blocks were placed into the water tank and a considerably larger quantity of iced water was poured into the embankment dam model through the same water input port (see Figure 3). The optical fiber sensing system is based on the mechanism of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) in single mode optical fibers. By monitoring the Brillouin gain of the probe light in frequency domain, one can detect the temperature and strain along optical fibers around which the abnormal seepage and the settlement occur. The optical fiber sensors are embedded in four different layers inside the embankment dam model (size 2m×1.2m×2m) to measure the effect of temperature and strain. The sensors are distributed along different temperature contour lines in the seepage flow. The distances between the four layers are 0.1m, 0.2m, 0.3m, and 0.35m above the bottom of the embankment dam model, respectively. The rate at which the entered water percolates in soils may have a considerable impact on the kinetics of transport processes of the seepage and the soil. The water flux is gradually increased to simulate further huge seepage after the seepage flow is in an observable steady state for a moment.

This situation defines the moment to create an agenda to perform periodic executions of the measurement routine. An automatic measurement can be performed according to a pre-defined measurement agenda. The temperature of the soil inside the embankment dam model and the temperature of the water in the water tank are measured using traditional thermometers. The ice blocks are added into the water tank to cool the water, since this facilitates the observation of apparent differences between the original temperature and the actual temperature inside the embankment dam model. Three kinds of flux are chosen in the experiments.

Experimental results

The temperature inside the embankment dam model changed while the water was pouring into the embankment dam model. It is shown in Figure 4, presenting the initial condition of the optical fibers outside and inside the embankment dam model.We can see that outdoor temperature is around 15 degrees; Initial temperature inside the embankment dam model is 12 degrees. The two temperatures keep stable for a moment before the coming of the next relatively large water flow. The next day, when the flux of pouring water increases, the temperature inside the embankment dam model gets down since some new ice blocks are mixed into the water in the tank again. Until completion of the experiment, the values of the Brillouin frequency keep steadily increasing. The three turning point curves are shown in Figure 5. 01-25 is the temperature before pouring into cold water, solid line; 01-31 is the first reduced temperature curve, line with cross symbols; 02-35 is the first strain curve, line with asterisk symbols; 02-39 is the maximum strain curve in the experiments, line with diamond symbols. After the seepage flow turns stable, the temperature of the water in seepage flow impacts less the temperature of the soil around the seepage path. Serious and continuous seepage flow will result in the settlement of the embankment dam model. It can also be noticed that the strain will get bounded when the deformation extends much, which should be the maximum of the (01-25 is the temperature before pouring into cold water, solid line; 01-31 is the first reduced temperature curve, line with cross marked; 02-35 is the first strain curve, line with asterisk marked; 02-39 is the maximum strain curve in the experiments, line with diamond marked.) strain. In the experiments, there are four hard side walls to protect the embankment dam model. But for a real embankment dam the settlement develops towards the extreme state where serious dam break/crack may occur.

At that moment huge strain are placing the structure beyond the strain threshold that the embankment can endure, which may finally laminate the embankment. It is crucial to capture those turning moments. Although DiTeSt- STA202 instrument is designed to analyze one parameter - temperature or strain after setting a calibration using the corresponding coefficient - we have enough proof to believe that the value of Brillouin frequency changed as a result of the strain and not exclusively to the temperature after a large apparent settlement occurs. A deep settlement pit nearby the water output port and an apparent settlement zone where the optical fiber sensors are placed.

Conclusion

The long distance Yellow River embankment dam is taken as an example to develop a safety strategy of monitoring and maintenance. The configuration of fiber optics sensing cables are discussed, and the addition of a data collection, processing and management modules are described to meet the objectives of providing an improved level of dam performance monitoring and an advanced warning system for users and embankment dam managers. The monitoring system improvements integrated a new data collection process and a central database to improve the data quality, early warning ability and real time monitoring effect. This allows more effort to be focused on evaluating the performance of embankment dams and obtaining a better understanding of their performance so that changes can be identified quickly and informed decisions can be made regarding the operation and maintenance of whole embankment dams.

References

[1] B. Young and K.J.R.Rasmussen, Bifurcation of Singly Symmetric Columns. Thin-Walled Structures 28(2) (1997) 155-177

[2] Y.B. Leng, W. Z. Zhu and J. He et al, Current Situation and Prospects of Dike Anomaly and Infiltration Detecting Technology in China.

Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources 22(2) (2002) 59-62

[3] S. Johansson, Seepage monitoring in embankment dams Stockholm. Doctoral thesis, Sweden, 1997.

[4] L.Thevenaz, M.Nikles, A. Fellay, M. Facchini and P. Robert, Applications of distributed Brillouin fibre sensing. Proc. SPIE 3407 (1998) 374-381

[5] S. Johansson and M. Farhadiroushan Seepage and strain monitoring in embankment dams using distributed sensing in optical fibrestheoretical background and experiences from some installations in Sweden, International Symposium on Dam Safety and Detection of Hidden Troubles, Xi’an, China. 2005.

[6] P.Y. Zhu, Y.B. Leng, S.L. Wang, G.L. Jiang 2009, Movement monitoring system design for embankment dams using fully distributed sensing along optical fibres. Opto-Electronic Engineering 36(1) (2009) 57-62.

土石坝中用完全分布式传感进行安全检查

摘要

在土石坝中发生严重渗流和沉降时可以通过观察温度和应力的变化来发现。提出了一种，用光纤完全分布式传感来监视土石坝渗流和沉降的方法。该监控系统还能提供土石坝检查与维修策略。

在本文中，有一个例子，建立了一个充满黄河土壤的模型，在这个模型靠近渗径的不同土层中还嵌入了裸光纤。我们研制出能在不同土石坝中可工作的光学传感电缆结构。用光纤和ditest-sta202来监测和来分析不同流速下模拟渗流量和温度改变和应变。在观察土石坝模型后发现部分沉降。温度曲线连续下降却显现了增加率，这说明这种改变不是因为渗透水的温度的改变，而是因为渗透水的应变。监控中心的信息为专家决策系统提供了重要参考,以确保土石坝长期安全运行。

关键词：

土石坝，安全检查，沉降和渗流，光纤传感。

1简介

土石坝是被设计成在有可接受的稳定渗流是还能保持原有功能。监视土石坝后台任务是是监视土石坝内部温度和压力的改变包括哪些可能威胁建筑物安全的异常渗流。通常沿着可能渗径分布的井管水压力是监测渗流的传统方法。[1], [2]。我们通常用温度计来测量立管中温度作为土石坝中温度。相比较而言，测量电阻率更为复杂，因为其需要监测设施安置在大坝上的计算机监测系统。尽管上述方法很有效，但是都不适合用于长期监测。因为光纤传感技术的最新进展，用光纤分布式传感渗流监测系统测量土石坝的内部温度已经实现[3]。预热光缆方法用于探测大坝混凝土芯的渗流量。传感光缆嵌在充满土的坝址来温度测量，其他独立光缆安装在其他位置来测量应变。一些过度的和意想不到的渗流可能会导致土石坝的破坏，尤其是在疏松的地形中例如，土石坝中的填土坝。如果温度和应力的变化被分别记录会对早期土石坝沉降的发现造成困难，会导致严重的渗流或者管涌。此外，当大坝中出现固定的高渗流率时由于渗流引起的温度变化会变的相对稳定。然而，像中国2008年那样的有很多湖泊时的危险情况，我们还需要研究在高应力下的大坝正常使用。因为它是破坏土石坝决定性因素的主要参考信息，或者过闸引水设施，或者加强土石坝薄弱部分防止意想不到的破坏。随着冲刷坑的增大，丁坝地基中的土壤砂砾和石块会被湍流和涡流冲走。更糟的是丁坝可能会在短时间内倒塌，会给附近居民带来严重的损失。因此，安全问题必须及时发现并修复。长杆通常用于检测和估算冲刷情况。

既然冲刷发生在水下，在有洪水的情况下，检查冲刷情况更加困难更加危险。测量结果是随机不准确的，不能作为基础数据来判断隐藏的问题发生。我们已经提出了一个基于光纤传感技术的监测土石坝滑坡的系统[5]。然而，有很多像渗流一样的灾难性因素影响着土石坝的稳定性和安全性。我们应该定期仔细检查大坝的渗流裂缝滑坡等常见问题。这些记录有助于确定这些因素的改变快慢和新旧变化情况。一个快速变化的条件或者突然增大的裂缝，滑坡等问题都表明了大坝出现了严重的问题。这篇文章介绍了管理监测土石坝工作时的的情况，来确定维护使用策略。

2 维护措施

一个成功的安全维护系统，能为大坝操作人员和工程人员提供可靠地有意义的性能数据。监控和维护的系统策略是必不可少的。

有各种各样的工具或方法，可用于土石坝隐患探测和监测。对特定的土石坝工程的实施方法有成功的监测系统设计。关于设计的选择，大坝的安全安装，监测仪器等，现在有许多很好的资料。

光纤传感器的应用是为了建立一个在应变和温度监测方面能够很好监测的高水平的技术监控系统，该监控系统排除了一些几乎不发生严重破坏或是因为系统认为过于复杂和困难而难以工作的非典型的地方。这个系统是可靠地，而且能提供高质量的数据。

开发的这个程序具有对那些没有操作维护知识的人也显得简单易懂，易于操作的界面。然而，高科技的过度应用也可能导致高的安装成本相对于其所提供的效益。这可能会导致我们做出不去升级系统的决定。通过开发一个有效的检测和维护这些案件的策略，可以提供许多更好的效益。一个专门设计的配置的实现对管理所需的年度资本支出是非常有利的，这也有助于操作人员和工程技术人员的适应新技术。

土石坝安全监测和管理策略的结构如图1所示

堤防安全检验检测由两部分组成。一个是不稳定性的人工检查。这一部分主要是短的和孤立的裂缝，浅层滑动和沉降小。这些大坝的管理者的工作是人工收集和评估大坝监测数据的。另一部分是基于ditest-sta202自动监测仪器模块。这部分是特别大的裂缝，深层滑动，和较大的沉降。在中型和大型土石坝，使用大量的领先的传感电缆可以提升监测的质量的可靠性，整个系统虽然高于当前市场的成本，但是我们简化系统配置。将那些特定警告的位置或土石坝段应用维护策略将根据第一部分和第二部分的维护系统的预警报告。为了达到这个目的，适当的步骤和细节必须遵循规划和设计系统。以下各段讨论监测模块基于DITEST仪器的配置和位移沉降这两种情况的细节。

1。隐藏灾害的监测系统

基于光纤传感器的信息采集监控系统是一个管理系统的第一步。作为传感器的光纤传感电缆是基于在单模光纤的受激布里渊散射（SBS）机制。通过监测在频域中的探测光的布里渊增益，可以检测到的温度和沿光纤在这些位置异常渗流应变和沉降发生。

光纤传感器嵌入在堤坝及丁坝中。光纤传感器的结构如图2所示。

有一些先进的电缆在不同丁坝和土石坝之间同样能够连DITEST分析仪。通过浸润线我们知道，渗流可以在土石坝下游面的任何位置上形成。如果渗透力足够大，土壤将从接近出口处的地基和一个锥形表面被侵蚀。这些“疔疮”的出现是泥泞渗流携带土壤颗粒的证据。这表明，在几个小时内可能发生管涌和溃坝。它可以手动检查，但它可能会来不及施维护来确保坝体安全。土石坝可以随时溃坝，对管理者来说需要承担的责任也是非常严重的。

幸运的是，在这个过程中由于热水力学效应和土力学是复杂的，一个严重渗流，甚至可能已经变成一个坍塌或滑坡[ 7 ]，所以需要早起发现和警示。因此，实际的实时信息是保证土石坝安全至关重要因素。因为渗流而引起的温度变化和压力上升，必须被尽可能的完全监测。因压力，稳定的温度曲线的突然变化是预测因严重渗漏而导致沉降的一个重要信号。这个信号不仅能起到早期预警作用，也有助于在关键时刻对出现问题的大坝作出重要决定。我们必须有两种类型的光学传感电缆来检测土石坝同一个位置上的温度和应变情况。终端模块箱实际上是一个保护光纤连接器的容器。 DiTeSt-STA202分析仪用来对整个系统进行测量和示数。一般用户的程序被开发成进行功能扩展的嵌入式操作系统。开发的项目的细节将在下面的段落描述。为了查询在土石坝地面发生渗流和沉降时土石坝内压力和温度的变化，一个光纤传感器被安装用来监控这两个量。这样就很简单灵活的而且很快的找出土石坝中的渗径。在探讨渗流与沉降的关系时，边界条件可以被修改。一旦建立并准备使用装有光纤的土石坝模型时，预埋的镀锌钢管就不需要了。把一罐冰水通过输水管输入土石坝模型的渗径中。这后者是以前的预成型使用镀锌钢管浸透在土石坝模型的土壤中。在饱和状态下的连续测量信号。水的流量用水控制阀控制。一天后，就会在人工排水路线周围形成渗径。通过相同的水输入口放一些新的冰块在水箱里相当于大的量的冰水被倒进土石坝模型中（见图3）。光纤传感系统是基于在单模光纤中的受激布里渊散射（SBS）机制。通过监测在频域中的探测光的布里渊增益，可以检测到的温度和应变的变化，这就能发现沿光纤周围的异常渗流和沉降。光纤传感器嵌入在土石坝模型中四个不同的层内（大小2M×120万×2m）来测量温度和应变的影响。传感器的分布沿着渗流不同的温度廓线。四层之间的距离是分别在土石坝模型底部之上0.1m，0.2m，0.3m，和0.35m.水的渗入速率可能对渗流流动和土壤的迁移有相当大的影响。逐渐增加水通量来模拟一个可观察到稳定状态的片刻渗流时的强大渗流。意思是创建一个进行常规测量周期执行的议程。这是一种根据预定的议程进行测量的自动测量。土石坝模型中土壤的温度和水箱中的水的温度都是使用传统的温度来计测量。把冰块添加到水箱来冷却水，因为这有利于观察土石坝模型的初始温度和实际温度之间的明显差异。三种流量在实验中选择。当水倒入土石坝模型时，土石坝模型内的温度就会产生变化。如图4所示，光纤的初始条件和在土石坝模型的情况。我们可以看到，室外温度为15度；土石坝模型内初始温度是12度。下一个比较大的水流量之前，两个温度保持稳定。第二天，当灌水量增加，因为有新的冰块混合进入水箱使得土石坝模型内的温度下降。直到实验结束，布里渊频值保持稳定增长。三个转折点的曲线，如图5所示。01-25是注入冷水前的温度；01-31是第一次降低温度曲线，用十字表示；02-35是第一应变曲线，用星号表示；02-39实验中的最大应变曲线，与钻石表示。渗流变稳定后，渗流水的的温度的影响比渗径周围土壤温度的影响小。严重连续的渗流将会导致土石坝模型的沉降。

当应变达到最大时我们就会发现，应变有界。（01-25是注入冷水前的温度；01-31是第一次降低温度曲线，用十字表示；02-35是第一应变曲线，用星号表示；02-39实验中的最大应变曲线，与钻石表示。）在实验中，有四个硬边墙保护的土石坝模型。

但对于一个真实的土石坝沉降发展到极端状态，会出现严重的溃坝或者裂纹。在巨大应变达到设备的临界值时，堤防还可以正常运转，但这可能会使堤防变薄。对记录这些转折点是至关重要的。虽然ditest - sta202仪器是用来分析使用相应的系数设定校准的温度或应变参数，我们有足够的证据认为，布里渊频值变化是因为应变的改变而不是因为沉降改变后温度的改变。出水口池附近有一个深沉降坑，光纤传感器放置在明显沉降区。

总结

以长距离黄河土石坝为例，我们开发了一个监控和维护的安全策略。我们对光纤传感电缆的配置进行了讨论，并对数据的采集，处理和管理模块进行了描述，以满足为土石坝管理者提供的监测预警系统得以改进，提高。监控系统的改进集成一个新的数据采集、处理与中央数据库来提高数据质量，预警能力和实时监控的运行。这使得我们付出更多的精力集中在土石坝的性能评价来更好地了解它们的性能，这样的变化对整个坝体的运行和维护可以快速认识并做出明智的决定。