时间:2022-11-13 16:01:11 下载该word文档
商品流通、人员流动、观念转变、文化变迁埃拉·兹温格尔
1.Todayweareinthethroesofaworldwidereformationofcultures,atectonicshiftofhabitsanddreamscalled,inthecuriousvocabularyofsocialscientists,"globalization."It'saninexacttermforawildassortmentofchangesinpolitics,business,health,entertainment."Modernindustryhasestablishedtheworldmarket.Allold-establishednationalindustriesaredislodgedbynewindustrieswhoseproductsareconsumed,notonlyathome,butineveryquarteroftheglobe.Inplaceoftheoldwantswefindnewwants,requiringfortheirsatisfactiontheproductsofdistantlandsandclimes."KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelswrotethis150yearsagoinTheCommunistManifesto.Theirstatementnowdescribesanordinaryfactoflife.今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化巨变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫“全球化”。对于政治、商贸、保健及娱乐领域的巨大变化,这个词并不贴切。“现代工业已建立了世界市场。已建立的所有旧的国民工业被其产品不仅在国内而且在世界各地范围内销售的新兴工业所取代。人们用新的需求取代原有的需求,用外地的产品满足自己的需求。”卡尔.马克思和弗雷德里希·恩格斯早在150年前就在《共产党宣言》中写下了这些。他们那时的陈述描绘了现在生活中的普遍事实。
2.Howpeoplefeelaboutthisdependsagreatdealonwheretheyliveandhowmuchmoneytheyhave.Yetglobalization,asonereportstated,"isareality,notachoice."Humanshavebeenweavingcommercialandculturalconnectionssincebeforethefirstcamelcaravanventuredafield.Inthe19thcenturythepostalservice,newspapers,transcontinentalrailroads,andgreatsteam-poweredshipswroughtfundamentalchanges.Telegraph,telephone,radio,andtelevisiontiedtighterandmoreintricateknotsbetweenindividualsandthewiderworld.Nowcomputers,