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新东方GRE issue范文20篇(九)
时间：2023-01-14 22:31:08 下载该word文档
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新东方GREissue范文20篇（九）13."Itisprimarilythroughidentificationthroughsocialgroupsthatwedefineourselves."Asprimarilysocialanimals,humanbeingsnaturallyseekoutdifferentgroupstowhichtheyfeeltheyhaveacertainsenseofbelonging.Buttherearetwodifferentaspectsofthisissueinvolved:identifyingoneselfwithasocialgroupforitssocialimplicationsandidentifyingoneselfwithasocialgroupforinternalneeds.Apersoncanhavetwodifferentidentities,onethatinvolvesanindividual'sself-perceptionandthewaythatothersseethatparticularindividual.Thereisanaturaldichotomybetweenthetwosidesofone'spersonalitythatisusuallydisplayedbetweenthedifferenttypesofsocialgroupswithwhichanindividualmayidentifyoneself.Self-definitioncaneitherbehonestordishonest.Apersonmayjoinasocialgroupbecauseheorshethinksthatthepeoplethatbelongtothistypeofgrouparethesameasheorshe,whetheritistrueornot.Theimportantdetailtotheindividualisthatheorshewouldliketobethesameasthepeoplethatbelongtothisparticularsocialgroup.Asoneexample,considerapersonwhogrewuppoorandpoorlyeducated,butbecamewealthythroughtheluckofthelotteryoraninheritancefromanunknownbutwealthyrelative.Thisindividualthenjoinsawine-tastingclubandbuysseasonticketstothelocalPhilharmonicOrchestraandoperahouse.Althoughthisindividualknowsnothingaboutwine,orchestrasoropera,heorsheisseekingtoidentifyhimorherselfasaculturallyliteratepersonsimplybecausethepersonisnowwealthy.Throughjoiningthesesocialgroups,theindividualisseekingtodefinehimorherselfassociallyelite,althoughtheonlydifferencenowisthatthepersonhasgreatwealthandinrealityprobablydoesnotfitinwiththeothermembersofthegroups.Inthiscase,one'sself-definitionbyidentifyingwithsocialgroupsdoesnotmatchupwithhowsocietystillidentifiestheindividual.Ontheotherhand,thereareindividualsthatveryclearlydemonstratewhotheyarebytheiridentificationwithcertainsocialgroups.Ataverybasiclevel,youngerpeoplemayjoingangsbasedonasenseofidentificationwithcertaingangmembersorgangideas.Bydisplayingdifferentidentifyingtattoosorcertaincolors,thesepeopleclearlyidentifywhotheyareandwhattheystandforbytheparticulartowhichtheybelong.Certainreligiousgroupsalsogiveaclearidentitytotheirmembers.JoininganIslamicfundamentalistgroupsuchastheTalibanoranOrthodoxJewishorganizationindicatesacertainidentitythatiscommontoallofitsmembers.PoliticalorganizationssuchasGreenpeaceandtheNationalOrganizationforWomenalsomakeacertainstatementabouttheidentityofanindividualmember.Inallofthesecases,anindividual'sself-perceptionandhowothersviewthatindividualareprobablyverysimilar.Thesetypesoforganizationsspeaktoaperson'sveryfundamentalvaluesandjoiningoneisprobablythatperson'swayofsayingtotheworld"thisiswhoIam".
Joiningothertypesofgroupsmayormaynotindicateaperson'sself-identification.BeingaRepublicanoraDemocrat,forexample,mayjustbeamatterofwhicheverpartyyourparentsbelongto.Spendingtimewithaparticulargroupoffriendsmayonlymeanthatyoulikeonlyoneofthepeopleinthegrouporyouhavenothingbettertodo,itmayhavenothingtodowithyourself-identification.Peoplethatbelongtothesegroupsdonotnecessarilybelongtoanyonesocialgroupforidentificationpurposes;itmaybeonlyamatterofconvenience.Itdependsontheindividualandtheparticularsocialgroupunderdiscussionastowhetherweprimarilyidentifyourselvesthroughassociationwithsocialgroups.Oncetheindividualorthesocialgrouphasbeenidentified,adeterminationmuststillbemadeastowhethertheindividualhasjoinedforself-identificationpurposesortoimpressuponothersacertainimageofthatindividual.(656words论题"我们主要通过与社会群体的认同而来界定我们自身。"作为具有显著社会性的动物，人类自然会去寻觅某些他们觉得与其存在某种归属感的不同群体。但这个问题涉及两个方面：基于某一社会群体的社会含义而认同该群体，以及出于某些内在需要而认同某一社会群体。一个人可以拥有两个不同的身份，一种身份涉及到个人的自我感受，另一个所涉及的是他人对这个特定个人的看法。在一个人性格的这两方面之间，存在着一种自然的两分法。个人的性格一般就体现在这一个人所可能认同的不同社会群体之间。自我界定可以是诚实的，亦可以是不诚实的。一个人之所以加入某一社会群体，可能是因为他（她）认为属于这一群体的那些人与他（她）相同，无论这是真是假。对于这个个人具有重要性的一个细节是，他（她）希望与属于这一特定社会群体的人们相同。例如，我们不妨考虑一下这样一个人，他出身贫穷，没能受过良好的教育，但通过彩票的运气或由于继承了一位无名但却有钱的亲戚的遗产而一夜暴富。此人然后加入一个品酒俱乐部，并购买当地爱乐乐团和歌剧院的季票。虽然此君对酒、乐队或歌剧一窍不通，但他（她）却竭力将自己表现为有文化修养的人，仅仅因为他（她）现在很有钱。通过介入这些社会群体，此人力图将自己界定为社会精英，虽然现在唯一的区分是，这人极其有钱，而实际上他（她）与这些群体内的其他成员格格不入。在此情形中，通过认同某些社会群体而来进行自我界定，这与社会如何看待这个人仍然相去甚远。
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