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时间：2023-11-18 12:02:12 下载该word文档
IambicpentameterisacommonlyusedtypeofmetricallineintraditionalEnglishpoetryandversedrama.Thetermdescribestherhythmthatthewordsestablishinthatline,whichismeasuredinsmallgroupsofsyllablescalled"feet".Theword"iambic"referstothetypeoffootthatisused,knownastheiamb,whichinEnglishisanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable.Theword"pentameter"indicatesthatalinehasfiveofthese"feet".IambicrhythmscomerelativelynaturallyinEnglish.IambicpentameteristhemostcommonmeterinEnglishpoetry;itisusedinmanyofthemajorEnglishpoeticforms,includingblankverse,theheroiccouplet,andsomeofthetraditionalrhymedstanzaforms.WilliamShakespeareusediambicpentameterinhisplaysandsonnets.AllegoryFirstattestedinEnglishin1382,thewordallegorycomesfromLatinallegoria,thelatinisationoftheGreekἀλληγορία(allegoria,"veiledlanguage,figurative,"[3]whichinturncomesfrombothἄλλος(allos,"another,different"[4]andἀγορεύω(agoreuo,"toharangue,tospeakintheassembly"[5]whichoriginatefromἀγορά(agora,"assembly".Asaliterarydevice,anallegoryinitsmostgeneralsenseisanextendedmetaphor.Allegoryhasbeenusedwidelythroughoutthehistoriesofallformsofart,largelybecauseitreadilyillustratescomplexideasandconceptsinwaysthatarecomprehensibletoitsviewers,readers,orlisteners.Allegoriesaretypicallyusedasliterarydevicesorrhetoricaldevicesthatconveyhiddenmeaningsthroughsymbolicfigures,actions,imagery,and/orevents,whichtogethercreatethemoral,spiritual,orpoliticalmeaningtheauthorwishestoconvey.P17Ballad(民谣Inmoreexactliteraryterminology,aballadisanarrativepoemconsistingofquatrainsofiambictetrameteralternatingwithiambictrimeter.BalladsderivefromthemedievalFrenchchansonballadéeorballade,whichwereoriginally"dancingsongs".BalladswereparticularlycharacteristicofthepopularpoetryandsongoftheBritishIslesfromthelatermedievalperioduntilthe19thcenturyandusedextensivelyacrossEuropeandlatertheAmericas,AustraliaandNorthAfrica.Commontraits（特征）oftheballadarethat(athebeginningisoftenabrupt,(bthestoryistoldthroughdialogueandaction(cthelanguageissimpleor“folksy,”(dthethemeisoftentragic---thoughcomicballadsdoexist,(etheballadcontainsarefrainrepeatedseveraltimes.TheballadbecamepopularinEnglandinthelate14thcenturyandwasadoptedbymanywriters.OneofthemostimportantanthologiesofballadsisF.J.Child‟sTheEnglishandScottishPopularBallads.Epic(史诗Anepicisalongoralnarrativepoemthatoperatesonagrandscaleanddealswithlegendaryorhistoricaleventsofnationaloruniversalsignificance.Mostepicsdealwiththeexploitsofasingleindividualandalsointerlacethemainnarrativewithmyths,legends,folktalesandpastevents;thereisacompositeeffect,theentirecultureofacountrycoheringintheoverallexperienceofthepoem.Epicpoemsarenotmerelyentertainingstoriesoflegendaryorhistoricalheroes;theysummarizeandexpressthenatureoridealsofanentirenationatasignificantorcrucialperiodofitshistory.简史P39Blankverseis