形容词

第一章 比较级、最高级变化一览表

规则变化 

1. 单音节以及少数双音节的词尾加上 “er” “est” 构成比较级、最高级：

bright（明亮的）—brighter—brightest broad（广阔的）—broader—broadest

cheap（便宜的）—cheaper—cheapest clean（干净的）—cleaner—cleanest

clever（聪明的）—cleverer—cleverest cold（寒冷的）—colder—coldest

cool（凉的）—cooler—coolest dark（黑暗的）—darker—darkest

dear（贵的）—dearer—dearest deep（深的）—deeper—deepest

fast（迅速的）—faster—fastest few（少的）—fewer—fewest

great（伟大的）—greater—greatest hard（困难的，硬的）—harder—hardest

high（高的）—higher—highest kind（善良的）—kinder—kindest

light（轻的）—lighter—lightest long（长的）—longer—longest

loud（响亮的）—louder—loudest low（低的）—lower—lowest

near（近的）—nearer—nearest new（新的）—newer—newest

poor（穷的）—poorer—poorest quick（快的）—quicker—quickest

quiet（安静的）—quieter—quietest rich（富裕的）—richer—richest

short（短的）—shorter—shortest slow（慢的）—slower—slowest

small（小的）—smaller—smallest smart（聪明的）—smarter—smartest

soft（柔软的）—softer—softest strong（强壮的）—stronger—strongest

sweet（甜的）—sweeter—sweetest tall（高的）-taller - tallest

thick（厚的）—thicker—thickest warm（温暖的）—warmer—warmest

weak（弱的）—weaker—weakest young（年轻的）—younger—youngest

2以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词（即重读闭音节词），双写结尾的辅音字母er，-est

big（大的）—bigger—biggest fat（胖的）—fatter—fattest

hot（热的）—hotter—hottest red（红的）—redder—reddest

sad（伤心的）—sadder—saddest thin（瘦的）—thinner—thinnest

wet（湿的）—wetter—wettest mad（疯的）—madder—maddest

特别提醒：new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。

3.以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，加上 “r” “st” 构成比较级、最高级：

able（能干的）—abler—ablest brave（勇敢的）—braver—bravest

close（接近的）—closer—closest fine（好的，完美的）—finer—finest

large（巨大的）—larger—largest late（迟的）—later—latest

nice（好的）—nicer—nicest ripe（成熟的）—riper—ripest

rude（粗鲁的）—ruder—rudest safe（安全的）—safer—safest

strange（奇怪的）—stranger—strangest wide（宽广的）—wider—widest

wise（睿智的，聪明的）—wiser—wisest white（白的）—whiter—whitest

4. “以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i，再加-er, -est

busy（忙碌的）—busier—busiest dirty（脏的）—dirtier—dirtiest

dry（干燥的）—drier—driest early（早的）—earlier—earliest

easy（容易的）—easier—easiest friendly（友好的）—friendlier—friendliest

funny（好玩的）—funnier—funniest happy（开心的）—happier—happiest

healthy（健康的）—healthier—healthiest heavy（重的）—heavier—heaviest

hungry（饿的）—hungrier—hungriest lazy（懒惰的）—lazier—laziest

lucky（幸运的）—luckier—luckiest naughty（调皮的）—naughtier—naughtiest

noisy（嘈杂的）—noisier—noisiest pretty（美丽的）—prettier—prettiest

silly（傻的）—sillier—silliest spicy（辣的）—spicier—spiciest

thirsty（渴的）—thirstier—thirstiest ugly（丑的）—uglier—ugliest

5.双音节、多音节形容词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词)，在单词前面加上 “more” “most” 构成比较级、最高级：

afraid（害怕的）—more afraid—most afraid

beautiful（美丽的）—more beautiful—most beautiful

careful（仔细的）—more careful—most careful

cheerful（开心的）—more cheerful—most cheerful

crowded（拥挤的）—more crowded—most crowded

dangerous（危险的）—more dangerous—most dangerous

delicious（美味的）—more delicious—most delicious

difficult（困难的）—more difficult—most difficult

exciting（令人兴奋的）—more exciting—most exciting

expensive（昂贵的）—more expensive—most expensive

famous（著名的）—more famous—most famous

frightened（受惊的）—more frightened—most frightened

frightening（令人害怕的）—more frightening—most frightening

hard-working（勤奋的）—more hard-working—most hard-working

helpful（有帮助的）—more helpful—most helpful

honest（诚实的）—more honest—most honest

important（重要的）—more important—most important

interesting（有趣的）—more interesting—most interesting

polite（有礼貌的）—more polite—most polite

terrible（可怕的）—more terrible—most terrible

tired（累的）—more tired—most tired

特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，

如：unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest

6. 以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most

Slowly-more slowly-most slowly quickly-more quickly-most quickly

特别提醒：early -earlier-earliest 

7. 由ing分词和-ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。 

interesting- more interesting  -most interesting 

excited- more excited - most exciting 

 tired- more tired  - most tired 

 boring-more boring -most boring 

不规则变化

bad（坏的）—worse—worst

far（远的）—farther—farthest (far—further—furthest)

good（好的）—better—best

ill（病的）—worse—worst

little（少的）—less—least

many（多的）—more—most

much（多的）—more—most

old（年老的）—older—oldest ( old—elder—eldest)

well（好的，身体好的）—better—best

特别提醒：

◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。记住以下三个词组：further study(进修)

  further education(继续教育)   further information (进一步的信息)

◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)

◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。

 第二章 形容词副词比较级较难考点

◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级，

这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词

afraid -more afraid, most afraid tired - more tired , most tired

fond - more fond , most fond glad -more glad , most glad

bored - more bored , most bored pleased---- more pleased , most pleased

 ◇下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/most     

 strict, often, friendly, clever

 ◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高（即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级）如：empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely ...

◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。

误：Your English is better than me.

正：Your English is better than mine.

 ◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little, much, even。

以下单词也可用来修饰：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。

My sister is a little taller than me.

Their house is much larger than ours.

另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。

I’m three years older than he.

特别提醒：very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。

◇避免重复使用比较级。

误：He is more kinder to small animals than I.

正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.

误：He is more cleverer than his brother.

正：He is cleverer than his brother.

 ◇比较要符合逻辑，在同一范围内比较时，避免将主语含在比较对象中，这时需使用other来排除自身。

误：China is larger that any country in Asia.

正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.

误：John studies harder than any student in his class.

正：John studies harder than any other student in his class.

正：John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.

正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class.

 ◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

  ◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.

◇为避免重复，我们通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物，只能代替可数名词。

The weather in China is different from that in America.

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.

A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

误：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.

正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.

 ◇“否定词 + 比较级”相当于最高级。

----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?

----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.

Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.

◇比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词或出现了

of the two，这时比较级前一定要加the。

He is the taller of the two.

Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.

Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?

试比较：

Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

◇不含than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰，构成“a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示“一个更……的人/物”。

Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢？

◇比较级than 后应用人称代词的主格，但非正式语体中常用宾格。

He is taller than I/me.

◇为避免重复，比较级中同样的动词用助动词do, does, did替代。

I spend less time doing homework than John does.

She tells more funny jokes than we do.

 以下内容不是初中教学的重点，仅供拓展之用。

◇形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。

It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.

◇倍数表达法

▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

   The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

   这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。

   ▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

    Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

   ▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

     Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

  第三章 形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳

 ◇句型一：形容词或副词比较级+than…

□注意事项：

该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可确定前面使用比较级。

He is taller than I am.

The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.

 ◇句型二：less + 形容词的原级 + than

□注意事项：

该句型表示“不如、不及”，特别需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比较级，后面必须跟形容词的原级，否定就造成了比较级的重复使用。

This computer is less expensive than that one.

 ◇句型三：as +形容词或副词的原级+ as

□注意事项：

该句型表示对比的两者程度相当，as之间必须跟形容词或副词的原级，决不能使用比较级。此外，还要确定使用形容词还是副词。确定的依据就是根据第一个as前的动词，如果是系动词（如be，感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容词的原级，如果前面的动词是一般的实义动词，那么就必须用副词的原级修饰动词。

This lesson is as easy as that one.

Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.

 特别提醒：as…as之间也可以跟名词，句型如下：

☆as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as

    He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。

☆as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as

    I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。

    I have as many books as you do. 我的书和你的一样多。

    We’ll give you as much help as we can. 我们将尽我们所能给你帮助。

其它几个关于as…as的句型：

☆as … as one can：尽其所能

  He began to run as fast as he could.

☆as … as possible：尽可能

     Please help us as quickly as possible.

☆as soon as…一……就……

   He will call me as soon as he comes here.

 ◇句型四：not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as

□注意事项：

该句型表示“前者不如后者……”，往往可以与句型一和句型二替换。第一个as可以换为so。

This classroom is not as bright as yours.

I cannot run as fast as you.

◇句型五：the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围

□注意事项：

如果这里为副词最高级，前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同类之间”，of后面的词与主语同类，另名词前一般有冠词the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之间”，among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。

The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.

Peter is the tallest of the six students.

This picture is the most beautiful among these.

 ◇句型六：one of + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式

□注意事项：

one of有三大考点：1. 后跟形容词最高级；2. 后接可数名词复数形式；3. 作主语时主语为one，谓语动词用单数形式。

One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.

 ◇句型七：比较级+and +比较级 / more and more +多音节词的原级

□注意事项：

该句型表示“越来越……”，如果该形容词比较级构成形式加er，则用前面的句型；如果该形容词比较级加more构成，则用后面的句型。

It is getting hotter and hotter.

The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.

 ◇句型八：the +比较级+…, the +比较级+…

图1-4大学生购买手工艺制品目的□注意事项：

该句型意思为“越……就越……”，表示两种情况同时变化。

虽然调查显示我们的创意计划有很大的发展空间，但是各种如“漂亮女生”和“碧芝”等连锁饰品店在不久的将来将对我们的创意小屋会产生很大的威胁。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.

9、如果你亲戚朋友送你一件DIY手工艺制品你是否会喜欢？In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.

 ◇句型九：be different from

2、消费者分析□注意事项：

该句型没有运用比较级，但也是对两者事物进行比较。注意前后比较需在同类事物中进行。

大学生的消费是多种多样，丰富多彩的。除食品外，很大一部分开支都用于。服饰，娱乐，小饰品等。女生都比较偏爱小饰品之类的消费。女生天性爱美，对小饰品爱不释手，因为饰品所展现的魅力，女人因饰品而妩媚动人，亮丽。据美国商务部调查资料显示女人占据消费市场最大分额，随社会越发展，物质越丰富，女性的时尚美丽消费也越来越激烈。因此也为饰品业创造了无限的商机。 据调查统计，有50% 的同学曾经购买过DIY饰品，有90% 的同学表示若在学校附近开设一家DIY手工艺制品，会去光顾。我们认为：我校区的女生就占了80%。相信开饰品店也是个不错的创业方针。My schoolbag is different from yours.

◇句型十：the same as… / the same…as…

□注意事项：

该句型同样没有运用比较级，表示两者之间具有共同特性。注意这里的as和same为固定搭配，不能随便变换。

I don’t want to buy the same things as Amy did.

◇句型十一：比较级+than + any other +名词单数形式

□注意事项：

图1-1大学生月生活费分布any other 后面跟单数名词，表示“任何别的”，即主语在范围内，必须把自身从这一范围内除去，否则逻辑上不通。如果主语不在这一范围内，那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。

大学生对手工艺制作兴趣的调研Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.

（上海在中国这个范围内，所以用any other）

Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. （上海不在江苏，所以只需用any）

而手工艺制品是一种价格适中，不仅能锻炼同学们的动手能力，同时在制作过程中也能体会一下我国传统工艺的文化。无论是送给朋友还是亲人都能让人体会到一份浓厚的情谊。它的价值是不用金钱去估价而是用你一颗真诚而又温暖的心去体会的。更能让学生家长所接受。◇句型十二：比较级+than + the other +名词复数形式

□注意事项：

该句型相当于any other +名词单数形式，常用来进行同义句改写。该句型与句型十一虽然波表面上都是比较级，但实际上相当于最高级。以下三句表达的是同一个意思。

Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.

大学生的消费是多种多样，丰富多彩的。除食品外，很大一部分开支都用于。服饰，娱乐，小饰品等。女生都比较偏爱小饰品之类的消费。女生天性爱美，对小饰品爱不释手，因为饰品所展现的魅力，女人因饰品而妩媚动人，亮丽。据美国商务部调查资料显示女人占据消费市场最大分额，随社会越发展，物质越丰富，女性的时尚美丽消费也越来越激烈。因此也为饰品业创造了无限的商机。 据调查统计，有50% 的同学曾经购买过DIY饰品，有90% 的同学表示若在学校附近开设一家DIY手工艺制品，会去光顾。我们认为：我校区的女生就占了80%。相信开饰品店也是个不错的创业方针。Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class.

6、你购买DIY手工艺制品的目的有那些？Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.

 特别提醒：表示两者(人或物)比较时，比较的对象应是同类事物，不同类的事物之间无法进行比较。