Key to Exercises

U1

I

1. tied with a ribbon for decoration

2. did not have a favorable or friendly feeling toward somebody

3. something that could develop into a greater idea

4. to be successful in life or at work

5. an increase in the amount you are paid for work

6. used for emphasizing how little (there is of something)

7. serious formal study or research of a subject

8. being in a position that gives you an advantage or opportunity

9. to yield/give in (The metaphor is a card game where a player is said to “fold” when he puts down his cards, realizing that he has a weak hand.)

10. to keep matters enjoyable and not very serious

11. earning (money)

12. to be willing/inclined to do something

13. to be the essential quality of a formal speech

14. publicity (used to talk about how often or how well or badly someone or something is described in newspapers or magazines)

15. the chances of something happening; the likelihood of being successful

16. the newest and the most advanced

17. facility for physical exercise

18. (AmE. informal) to have fun eating, drinking, and dancing, etc. with other people

19. (very informal) to be justifiably cheated

20. to be forced to give up

21. to oppose or resist stubbornly and obstinately

22. to attack, to pursue in order to oppose/argue against

23. to have something as the most important part; to boil down to

24. planned direction in which a vehicle is moving

25. to add more details to make something more complete

26. for all involved or affected

V

1. My father had some unhappy experiences with lawyers and policemen (implying that he got into some trouble and was punished in some way) and therefore did not like lawyers and policemen. The speaker’s use of this unashamed admission about his father’s trouble with the law is humorous.

2. My father advised me to study literature since that was what I really liked. I had only one life, unless I had secret knowledge that we can all be reborn again and again (that reincarnation is not just nonsense) and therefore I can go to college many times. My father of course was totally contemptuous of the whole idea of reincarnation.

3. They want the diploma/credentials which will enable them to get well-paid jobs on Wall Street or go to law schools, medical schools, or business schools to become lawyers, doctors, and business executives.

4. In order to be successful, they have to work hard. They must earn the right to keep their job as a professor for as long as they like, keep publishing if they do not want to perish, get higher and higher salaries, and get offers from outside their universities to add to their prestige. And all this can be broadly called scholarly work.

5. The professor saves his energies for his own scholarly work while the student saves his energies for his friends, socializing, volunteer work, building a network of people who might be useful for his career, and trying in every possible way to obtain an ideal job upon graduation, which is really the most important goal for him. The speaker is implying that neither the professor nor the student is giving his/her main attention to teaching and learning.

6. Eton, as we know is a “public”(that is, private) school for the British aristocracy. It educates the men who become Britain’s leaders; the ties formed there are all-important as are the unspoken rules you learn. So what Wellington is saying here is that it was this small and cohesive class and its values that defeated Napoleon.

7. What students are looking for from a liberal arts education is not a luxury, but a necessity. It is not something you could do with, but something you absolutely can’t do without.

8. You may be… someone who is never embarrassed in social gatherings because you are so well-read and so knowledgeable (or who can embarrass others by making them appear ignorant).

9. For some reason, you find that these writers who lived a long time ago seem to know more about you than you do yourself.

10. In reading, I continue to look for one thing. I hope that I can find new ideas and new perspectives that will make me change the course of my life and put me on a new and better road.

VI.

Phrases

1. 炮制计划

2. 取得一种成就；获得一种技能/本领/功夫

3. 不太喜欢，没有好感

4. 内部消息

5. 课程目录

6. 拥有大量资金的大玩家

7. 首要的目标

8. 成功的前景

9. 印发证书

10. 教学的基本原则

11. 学术出版物

12. 与这问题无关

13. （他）全身心投入

14. 社交生活

15. 建立关系网

16. 为他们谋生计

17. 视而不见

18. 与美国结盟

19. 德才兼备/全面发展的学生

20. 艰苦的任务

21. 挖掘他们的资源

22. 报界的恶评

23. 最新、最先进的健身设施

24. 得来不易的智慧

VII.

1. understatement

2. metaphor

3. simile

4. oxymoron

5. alliteration

6. hyperbole

7. euphemism

8. parallel structure

9. antithesis

10. rhyme

Sentences

1. 我每次讲话都必须在弗洛伊德有关观点的基础上再努力往前探索。

2. 只是聪明的人都习惯于琢磨他们如何才能顺利谋生的问题。

3. 我当时提出，这种行为完全可以勒令他休学一段时间。

4. 黑色的豪华轿车开来停在他的办公室前面，从车里涌出来大批衣着得体的谈判人。

5. 我那位哥们吓得腿发软了吗？没有，他不是那种人，不过他实在不喜欢这个过程。

6. 你们可能会以为，对于大学教育不该有什么实质性的内容，不该以约翰·济慈喜欢称之为“心灵培养”为目的的这种观念，教授们和大学校长们一定会十分谨慎，不去张扬。

7. ……那些抱着热切期望的父母们，希望你们能实现自己的理想，或者希望你们能为他们实现当初没能实现的理想……

8. 常识是一种应该尊重的东西，不过不该向它顶礼膜拜（我不是想和令人钦佩的伯克抬杠）我认为不该向。

9. 他研究了宗教问题。他说这归根结底是对父亲的热切企盼。

10. 假如那位教授嘲弄你，因为你问了一个严肃的问题而不让有关的人都太平，那你就必须要坚强，保持你超然的分析的态度。

U2

Ι

1. a piece of equipment of an old-fashioned radio or TV set that you turn to adjust the volume of the sound

2. very interested in and pleased with something so that you pay a lot of attention to it

3. to make someone feel that they must watch or listen to something or someone, because they are so interested in it or attracted by it

4. to play a piece of music using the right rhythm and speed

5. a first appearance in public as of an actor

6. an untidy mixture of things

7. (music) a passage that is repeated

8. to fasten something firmly so that it cannot move

9. something that does not succeed, often in a way that causes embarrassment

10. a public performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person or a small group

11. a person who adjusts a musical instrument, especially a piano, so that it plays at the correct pitch

12. (of clothes or fabrics) treated chemically so as to repel clothes moth

V

1. I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.

2. I hated the tests because they represented hopes so high that failure to realize them was inevitable.

3. I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.

4. The girl was of the Shirley Temple type, very energetic and lively.

5. Although I saw signs that warned me that my mother was thinking of turning me into a girl like that on TV, I didn’t feel worried.

6. Old Chong was conducting an invisible orchestra which was created by his dreaming thought.

7. I practiced the piano under my mother’s instruction every day for the next year as my duty, but I played in an uncooperative way to show my rebellion.

8. When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and I felt surprised. But at the same time, I felt good because those terrible thoughts had been suppressed in my heart for quite a while and they had got out at last.

9. I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self-control would collapse, and I wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.

10. When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams.

VI

Phrases

1. 几乎不用首付现款

2. 过高的希望和达不到的期盼

3. 短路

4. 我家起居室的唯一摆设

5. 力气大得吓人

6. 自行其是

Sentences

1. 我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。

2. 在她告诉我答案前，她对了对手中的杂志，看看“赫尔辛基”是否能这样发音。

3. 她似乎被这音乐吸引住了。这钢琴曲不长，但有点狂乱，有着迷人的特点，乐曲一开始是快节奏的，接着是欢快跳动的节拍，然后又回到嬉戏的部分。

4. 如果她的才气和她的脾气一样大，她早就出名了。

5. 而我的妈妈挺起胸膛，吹牛说，“我们的问题比你的更糟糕。如果你让精妹洗碗，她根本听不到，因为她满脑都是音乐，似乎她的天才是无法制止的。”

6. 我最喜欢练习的部分是花哨的谢幕行礼动作：先出右脚，脚尖点在地毯的玫瑰图案上，身子侧摆，左腿弯曲，抬头，微笑。

7. 我朝观众望去，看到了我妈木然的面孔，爸爸的哈欠，林朵阿姨的尴尬笑容和薇弗莉闷闷不乐的表情。

8. 一股凉气从头顶开始，然后一点点传到全身。但我却不能停止演奏，双手犹如着了魔。我不停地想，我的手指会调整好，就像火车会被扳到正确的轨道上。

9. 她的脸部失去了表情，嘴巴紧闭，双臂无力地垂下。 她退出了房间，神色惊异，好像一小片枯黄的树叶被风吹走了，那样的单薄、脆弱、毫无生气。

10. 我第一次，或感觉好像是第一次，注意到右边的乐曲标题是《心满意足》。我也试着弹这首曲子。它的曲调比较轻松，但节奏同样流畅，不是很难。《祈求的孩子》较短、较慢，而《心满意足》更长、更快一些。在我弹了几遍后，我意识到，原来这两个曲子是同一首歌的两个组成部分。

U3

I

1. in the act of struggling with ( a problem, decision, task, etc.)

2. a force producing motion or change

3. program of things to be done

4. to have a lot of, as if full of holes after a shotgun blast

5. decisively large number of people

6. (slang) to spend much of one's time; to frequent

7. to control someone, as to show him how to behave or act

8. an isolated area of a specified type

9. to become popular

10. extending far down in a revealing way

V．

1. Yet Globalization is not something you can accept or reject; it is already a fact of life, which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.

2. Political groups with broad popular support have emerged to take advantage of people’s existing worries and uneasiness regarding foreign “cultural assault.”

3. ... in China, closed-door and open-door policy trends have long struggled for dominance.

4. The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.

5. Westernization... is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgrounds and views.

6. In trying to find out what future trends will be, you do not need to be fashionable yourself.

7. As an open and technologically advanced country with a large market for unusual things, America provided Tom Sloper with the necessary conditions to design a software program combining a new Western technology with the ancient Eastern rules of mah-jongg. And he was able to sell his product.

8. He was moving around, playing a game via the Internet, with people living in different time zones, hence their computer activity broke down the limits of time zones.

9. The Gucci store had not expected that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai, business would be so good.

10. The means of showing repentance might be particular to the Jews, but the strong desire to receive forgiveness from God is common.

VI.

1. 今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛，一种习俗与追求的结构性变化。用社会学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。

2. 不管他们的背景和纲领如何，这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响——往往等同于美国的影响——会把所有文化上的差异一一压平，就像一位观察家所说的，最终产生一个麦当劳世界，一个充斥美国货和体现美国价值观的世界。

3. 不过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样，善于随机应变，富有弹性而且不可预测。

4. 现今原创极为困难。因此，最容易的办法就是把现存的东西组合在一起，拿出一个新玩意儿来。

5. 二十六万中国妇女每月都在阅读《时尚》杂志，那些开领袒胸的画页及其他内容。

6. 灯光熄灭，有一阵子，黑暗中惟一的声音就是一部价格昂贵的照相机自动倒卷时发出的声音。

7. 他们从当地文化中吸收了不少东西，但仍然保持了自己的本色。

8. 相互联系是人类天生的欲望，是其共同的命运。

9. 这种连接靠的是强有力的心灵纽带。

U4

I

1. (with the) the theater, drama, or acting as a profession

2. in a good repute; having a good reputation; well-thought-of; respectable

3. a messenger of God and a supernatural being to whom are attributed greater than human power, intelligence, etc.; a person regarded as being as beautiful, good, innocent, etc. as an angel, especially said of women and children

4. an ability and a skill that one can develop with training and practice

5. a current of cold air flowing through a room

6. sly, cunning trick; clever talk or tricks used to persuade someone to do what you want

7. the money or profit derived from a sale, business venture, etc.

8. to cause a particular physical condition

9. to look closely and inquisitively

10. in name only

V

1. If you want to be a musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don’t need all this.

2. In the patriarchal society women are forced into a lower financial status. As a result they could not become successful in most professions except writing as the latter did not require much financial resources.

3. She realized that men didn’t approve of a woman daring to tell the truth about her body and her passions. They would surely say bad things about such a woman. This realization interrupted her imagination and roused her from the state of unconsciousness, in which an artist desired to be.

4. The progress of women writers was hindered by men’s extremely conventional thoughts and behaviors. I believe it is very common for women to have this experience.

5. It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about their body and passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men strongly disapprove of it. And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of it.

6. It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions.

7. Regarding the mental and spiritual world, the inner nature of a person, it is not simple at all for a woman writer, for she still has many obstacles and prejudices to overcome.

8. Even when the path is open to women officially, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false thoughts and values as obstacles impeding a woman’s progress.

VI

Phrases

1. 与邻居发生严重纠纷

2. 借一首著名诗歌中女主人公之名

3. 扼住她的喉咙

4. 持续慵懒的状态

5. 在无意识深处

6. 不用修辞手段、直截了当地说

7. 男性极端的因循守旧

8. 以什么为条件，在什么样的条件下

Sentences

1. 我的专业是文学，而在这个专业中，妇女的特殊经历比其他专业中妇女面临的特殊经历要少，舞台艺术是个例外。

2. 她擅长家庭生活的各项高难度技能。

3. 下面我要说说多少是我自己决定做的一件事情，当然做此事的功劳主要还应归功于我的了不起的祖先，是他们给我留下了一笔财产——比如说每年五百英镑吧——这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。

4. 我相信，妇女只有在人类知识所涉及的全部艺术和专业领域中用创造形式表达自己的情感后，她们才能知道什么是妇女。

5. 这就是我今天来到这里的原因，是出于对你们的尊敬，因为你们正在用你们的经验告诉我们妇女是什么，并正在通过你们的成功与失败，为我们提供尤为重要的信息。

6. 他希望在他写作时，他每天见的人，读的书，做的事都是相同的，这样任何事物都不会打破他生活的幻想，也不会搅乱他的四处探求、摸索以及对那令人难以捉摸的容易被吓跑的东西——想象力的突然发现。

7. 尽管如此，我还是想说我是在似睡非睡的状态中创作小说。

8. 我认为讨论和界定这些障碍是十分重要的，因为只有如此我们才能共同努力并克服困难。

9. 那些目的是什么，对这个问题我们不能想当然认为已经解决了，而要不断地提出疑问和进行审视。

10. 这个自由只是个开端，现在屋子是你自己的了，但它依然是空的，它需要装修和装饰，需要与人分享。

VII

1. Early women writers had made their way into the profession of literature; many famous women writers and many more unknown or forgotten women writers have made their contributions to literature and have paved the way for writers like me and they are now guiding me as I move forward.

2. There was no need for a writer to spend much of the family money in order to write.

3. While I was writing the book review, I found that if I were going to review books, I had to fight and do away with a dreaded illusion, a feared vision existing in my mind.

4. The false belief about what a proper woman should be often caused arguments or problems between me and what I was writing.

5. Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, that is, the essence of my writing.

6. Thus, whenever I felt the influence of Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power.

7. All women writers had to make continuous efforts to fight against the strong influence of Victorian attitudes about the traditional role of women.

8. The writer’s imagination had freely explored and examined the depths of the unconscious being, where hidden thoughts, feelings and impulses were to be found. Now her imagination had disappeared.

9. Then suddenly the writer’s imagination came across a big obstacle, and she was roused from her artist’s state of unconsciousness.

10. Some women have gained a position or a certain degree of freedom in a society which has up to now been dominated by men.

U5

I．

1.    month of Sundays (Para. 1): (colloquial) a long time, quite a while

2.    submit (Para. 5): to offer as an opinion; suggest, propose

3.    flight (Para. 8): fleeing or running away from. Here it means the narrator suddenly stopped

4.    in the swim (Para. 17): conforming to the current fashions, or active in the main current of affairs

5.    pin-up (Para 25): (American colloquialism) a poster showing a famous person or sex symbol, designed to be displayed on a wall

6.    carriage (Para. 26): a person’s bearing or deportment

7.    keen (Para. 29): (American slang) good, fine, excellent, etc., a general term of approval

8.    mince (Para. 45): to lessen the force of; weaken, as by euphemism

9.    casual kick (Para. 55): (American colloquialism) an occasional pleasure; a casual relationship; a passing affair; not a serious commitment

10. deposit (Para 97): (formal and humorous here) to put, lay or set down

11. brief (Para 105 ): a concise statement of the main points of a law case, usually filed by counsel for the information of the court

12. nuts (Para. 109): (American slang) an exclamation of disgust, scorn, disappointment, refusal, etc.

13. let-up (Para 123 ): stopping; relaxing

14. well-heeled (Para. 124): (American slang) rich, prosperous

V.

1. I believe following passing crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment.

2. One afternoon, when I went back to my dorm, Petey was lying on his bed. He wore such a depressed look that I thought he was suffering from appendicitis.

3. My brain, which is as precise as a chemist’s scales, began to work at high speed.

4. She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings get the upper hand of reason. I wanted Polly for a carefully thought-out reason.

5. She was not yet as attractive as the famous people displayed on wall posters, but I felt sure that, given time, she would be just as glamorous.

6. In fact, she went in the opposite direction. She was rather stupid.

7. If you were no longer dating her, others would be free to court her.

8. He looked at the coat then looked away from the coat. Every time he looked, his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give up [away] Polly became weaker.

9. To teach her to think appeared to be a very difficult task, and at first I even thought of giving her back to Petey.

10. There is a limit to what any human being can bear.

VI.

Phrases

1. 愚蠢到了极点

2. 惊愕地失声低语

3. 一个不知所措、左右为难的人

4. 挺着下巴，表示坚定不屈

5. 对某种一般的陈述进行限定

6. 学不会逻辑的脑袋；对逻辑一窍不通

7. （她）紧锁眉头，聚精会神（进行思考）

8. 一丝智慧的闪光

9. 把波莉培养成逻辑学家

10. 强大的意志力

Sentences

1. 像查尔斯·兰姆这样快乐和富有创新精神的人物并不常见，他写了《古瓷》和《梦中的孩子》两篇文章，这两篇文章可以说解放了散文。

2. 那么，就读读下面这篇文章吧，它将向我们展示逻辑并不是一门枯燥乏味、迂腐不堪的学科；恰恰相反，逻辑是一个活生生的事物，充满美丽、激情和心灵的创伤。

3. 我的头脑象发电机一样强大，像药剂师的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锐利。

4. 她亭亭玉立、体态优雅，这一切都表明她出身高贵。

5. 我一下子打开了手提箱，露出一团毛乎乎的气味刺鼻的东西。

6. 这么可爱的人可不容易找。

7. 我要是意志不坚定，我就不是我了。

8. 我皱了一下眉头，但鼓足勇气地继续往下讲。

9. 也许，在她死火山般的脑袋里，还有一点余火仍在闪烁冒烟。

10. 这回波莉该动心了（应该能达到我的目的了），我双臂交叉在胸前，想道。

VII.

1. Hasty Generalization

2. Post Hoc

3. Hypothesis Contrary to Fact

4. Dicto Simplicitor

5. Ad Misericordiam

6. Post Hoc

7. Dicto Simplicitor

8. Hasty Generalization

9. False Analogy

10. Contradictory Premises

11. Poisoning the Well

U7

I.

1. implement (Para. 2): (noun) a tool, utensil, or other piece of equipment, especially as used for a particular purpose

2. walk-on (Para. 4): a minor role in which the actor has no or very few spoken lines

3. patchwork (Para. 8): a thing composed of many different elements so as to appear variegated

4. rattletrap (Para. 8): an old or rickety vehicle

5. spectrum (Para. 11): a broad range of varied but related ideas or objects, the individual features of which tend to overlap so as to form a continuous series or sequence

6. sermon (Para. 11): any serious talk on behavior, responsibility, etc., esp. a long, tedious one

7. stage (Para. 11): to represent, produce, or exhibit on or as if on a stage

8. roped-off (Para. 11): enclosed, partitioned, or marked off with a rope or ropes

9. slippery (Para. 15): liable to change; unstable

10. appreciably (Para. 15): noticeably, considerably

V.

1. 1970s textbooks no longer focus on the heroism of individual presidents. Instead, they treat the presidents as a group, and argue that, considering the tremendous difficulties they faced, most of them did fairly well. There are exceptions, of course. A few made incorrect decisions, but they were not mentioned by name. (Para. 4)

2. The 1970s texts imply that Americans were, after all, not as innocent as portrayed. (Para. 6)

3. People hardly thought about questioning the truthfulness of the textbooks because the textbooks seemed to occupy a separate realm. It didn’t matter that what was written in the textbooks differed from what actually happened or from what people believed. (Para. 7)

4. The past is not a direct course to the present; things do not run smoothly and progressively any more. Instead, the past is a collection of scattered issues and events. They do not form an organic whole or progress in any single direction. (Para. 8)

5. No matter what we think or do, history is moving forward. History is not adapting to us. We need to adapt to the way history develops. (Para. 8)

6. In these books, history is clearly not a sequenced listing, by historians, of things that happened. (Para. 10)

7. Rather than diametrically different teaching methods, there is a broad range of pedagogical approaches, just as there is a variety of political viewpoints. (Para. 11)

8. The nineteenth-century photographs of child laborers and urban substandard housing are so beautiful that they take readers beyond the immediate ugliness of their subjects, obscuring critical issues that readers need to pay attention to. (Para.13)

9. The 1950s history textbooks were simple and immature, but the 1970s texts are unconventional and uncivilized, bombarding all of the senses in an undiscriminating fashion. American history is no longer boring; it is so appealing to the eye, ear, and touch that it distracts students’ attention from the history itself. (Para. 13)

10. We know that each historian to some extent recreates the world in a new and different way. We also know that to some extent all history reflects contemporary perspectives and viewpoints. In other words, historians write back from where they stand. (Para. 14)

VI.

1. 是因为和其他书比起来，历史书看起来充满了权威。(Para. 1)

2. 美国历史教材字斟句酌、严谨慎重、呆板无趣，而且像中国皇帝一样拒人于千里之外。(Para. 1)

3. 六十年代的那一代人曾经认为，无论他们如何抗议，历史课本都不会改变。这个想法一定很让人放心，因为，当他们的意见发生作用时，关于核雨和粗制滥造的房子的歌曲收进历史课本，他们竟然浑然不觉。(Para. 5)

4. 从意识形态上来说，五十年代写就的历史书坚如磐石、天衣无缝。(Para. 7)

5. 历史书的正统观念看起来无懈可击，永不衰败。(Para. 7)

6. 过去依据宪法有章可循，依靠总统仁慈善为，国家运转顺利，但是现在整个体系都变的破旧不堪岌岌可危。(Para. 8)

7. 以前的历史书在末尾章节总是会提到科学进步和总统大选，把当代社会描绘成宁静美好的天堂，但是如今的历史书总是以各种各样的问题结束：种族问题、城市问题、外交问题、以及污染、贫困、能源枯竭、青春叛逆、暗杀、毒品等等。(Para. 8)

8. 在问题面前，美国人仍然希望科学之神能够从天而降，神奇地解决一切问题，但这样的愿望虚无缥缈、不切实际。(Para. 8)

9. 和大众读物不同，教科书不会写出来然后任其自生自灭。(Para. 15)

10. 这个短暂存在的版本就成为孩子们永恒不变的历史，决定了他们如何理解自己的国家。(Para. 15)

U8

I.

1. to carry the day (4) :  to win; to overcome the opposition of others

2. rough going (4) :  terribly hard for progress toward a goal

3. establishment (4) :  in England, a complex consisting of the church, the royal family and the plutocracy, regarded as holding the chief measure of power and influence

4. rumored sightings (8) : unconfirmed reports of people having seen him from a distance

5. school (8) : a group of people held together by the same teachings, beliefs, opinions, methods, etc.

6. following (8) : a group of followers or adherents

7. out of sorts (11) :  slightly upset or unhappy

8. to read into (12) :  to attribute (a particular meaning ) to; to project excessive significance into something

V.

1. I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent but his way of showing his talent at my seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.

2. Since those attending the conference were people devoted to poetry, such an anecdote, though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.

3. There were two reasons for my going to the conference set against the reasons for my not going and they became decisive in my final decision.

4. According to my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives, experiences, that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.

5. Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in his powerful use of the language and in his sense of fun about serious issues. All these aspects greatly fascinated me.

6. Spender’s record of his visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentions but also because of the things he does not say.

7. In his book/his autobiography, Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer and does not mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation and Spender’s are closely intertwined.

8. The real person looked much more interesting than the pictures.

9. Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearances.

10. He had lived longer than any of his more famous friends but his work still revealed the influences of his friends, especially Auden.

VI.

1. 他很少说话，但一旦开口，他的话往往是极为精确，而且常常具有压倒一切的威力。

2. 至少我现代风格的作品会给人带来欢乐, 就如英国的主教在论述量子力学。

3. 他的眼睛带有一种警觉而冷冷的目光。这种目光也可以在暹罗猫身上找到。

4. 奥本海默曾因被疑为对国家不忠而受到“审讯”，其接触国家机密文件的权利被剥夺。

5. 跟爱因斯坦一样，他没有建立学派，没有追随者，也没有培养出几个学生。

6. 他说，“物理学上真正有价值的见地，只属于个人。”

7. 瞧，清晨披着金黄色的氅篷，踏着高山上的露珠从东方走来。

8. 可怜的斯蒂芬·斯宾达，可怜的罗伯特·奥本海默，每个人都被局限在，如果不是归类到，不错之列，而他们又清楚地知道什么叫做出类拔萃，这就使他们不可避免地感到悲哀。

U10

I.

1. (slang) power and influence

2. a science and art of homemaking, including nutrition, clothing, budgeting, and child care

3. a short period of time during which you do something a lot, especially something that is bad for you

4. a structure with a steep slope that children use for sliding down

5. an arrangement of horizontal and vertical bars erected as in a playground for children to climb on, swing from, etc.

6. the dividing line formed by combing the hair in different directions

7. revealing what is meant to be kept a secret

8. fame; honor

9. (colloquial) to single out as for abuse or criticism; annoy or tease

10. a long, narrow house with rooms arranged one behind the other

11. a five-and-ten-cent store where supposedly everything costs only a few cents

12. the peak or visor of a cap

V.

1. This is perhaps because they only have places of birth, but not places where they feel at home and which they identify themselves with. But these girls are strongly influenced by their hometowns, and the influence stays with them forever even after they leave their hometowns.

2. The brown girls live in quiet black neighborhood where everybody has a good and steady job.

3. The husband does not know that as the brown girl defines sex as vulgar and indecent, she will not enjoy a normal sexual life thoroughly and wholly but will restrain herself in making love with her husband.

4. If his needs were physical rather than emotional, she could meet them. She could make him comfortable and give him enough or even more than enough to satisfy his physical needs.

5. He was either bored or scared by his mother at home, never feeling happy, and as a result he regarded the playground as his only joy.

6. She was totally absorbed in thinking how beautiful the flowers were when suddenly Junior cried, “Here is something for you!”

7. She had seen poor girls like Pecola everywhere and all the time. There are too many girls like Pecola.

8. As the girls were growing into young women, they had never worn girdles to make their figures look slimmer, and thus more elegant; and when the boys grew up, they just began to wear their caps with the bills turned backward to indicate that they had become adults.

VI.

Phrases

1. 他们可以根据天空的颜色判断是什么时间了

2. 用铁链悬挂的游廊摇椅

3. 像小山一样的软毛

4. 她散发出木头和香草的味道

5. 避免显得像羊毛般卷曲

6. 唾液吐出的距离和弧线

7. 当他心血来潮时

8. 用微笑表示鼓励

Sentences

1. 他们在窗上挂了一块硬纸板做的牌子，上面的三个边分别写着10磅、25磅、50磅，第四边写着“不要冰块”。

2. 她们就读于政府拨地建立的学院和师范学院，她们学习如何把服务白人的工作做得更细致:学家政是为了给他们烧饭做菜；学当老师是为了教育黑人孩子顺从；学音乐是为了让疲惫的主人身心放松，为他们那已麻木的灵魂提供消遣。

3. 她一个斜视就足以让他知道该到房后的走廊上去抽烟。

4. 小路易把运动场看成是自己的，小学生们都羡慕他有这么多自由，可以睡懒觉，可以回家吃午饭，放学后还能控制运动场。

5. 他最喜欢玩“山大王”的游戏，喜欢被他们推下土山坡，让他们滚在他身上的感觉。

6. 她深深地沉浸在对花的欣赏之中，突然，小路易喊道，“给你！”

7. 佩克拉拼命拍门，这让他笑得更厉害了。他尖声笑着，几乎喘不过气。

8. 她们从莫比尔的小酒馆楼上的窗户探头张望，或者在一长排狭窄拥挤的房间走廊上爬来爬去，或者坐在公共汽车站，捧着纸袋哭喊，坐着身边的妈妈不断对她们说，“住嘴！”

9. 佩克拉转身找到房门，她看到耶稣正在低头望着她，眼神是悲伤的，却不惊讶，他那褐色长发从中间分开，鲜艳的纸花拧成麻花状环绕在他面庞的周围。

10. 不过，头垂得再低，她也看得到雪花纷纷飘落到人行便道上并立刻消融。

VII

1. Simile. When one sings a hymn, the first few notes fill one’s heart with an air of freshness, just like opening a window. The sound of Meridian’s four-syllable name has the same effect.

2. Metaphor. But these girls are strongly influenced by their hometowns, and the influence stays with them forever even after they leave their hometowns.

3. Simile. These girls behave in a nice and sweet way but they look plain and ordinary, lacking special or exciting qualities.

4. Metaphor. The brown girls try hard to repress their emotions and passions. However, these natural human emotions cannot be wiped out totally. Sometimes they will emerge and burst out, and they will develop, become stronger and stay with the brown girls. So whenever and wherever this funk bursts out, the brown girls will do their best to stifle it. Then it emerges again, and they will kill it again. The brown girls have to fight the battle constantly all their lives because the funkiness comes back naturally.

5. Metaphor. Although the husband is right in thinking that the brown girl can keep house well and bear children easily, he is not aware that the brown girl will build her power to control the house little by little and defend it as her own territory, allowing nobody to intrude.

6. Antithesis. Poor girls like Pecola were ignorant and uncomprehending; they did not know why their lives were so miserable and so had many questions but were unable to explore the questions further. At the same time, as they were poverty-stricken and practically had nothing, their eyes revealed their desire for anything that could make their lives easier.

7. Antithesis. In the eyes of these girls one could see that they were in despair and without any hope from the beginning and for the future and that their entire lives would be nothing but a meaningless waste.

8. Metaphor. Where these poor girls live, good and beautiful things never happen while there is nothing but garbage -- used tin cans and tires. They live in a wasteland.