常用词根

1， acu--, acr—

The Latin root acu- or acr- means “sharp”.

Acrid, means “having a sharp quality in taste or smell; bitter or burning to the senses.”

The acrid smoke hurt our eyes.

Acrimony, means “sharpness of speech or temper.”

Our quarrel was full of acrimony.

Acumen, means “sharpness of mind; intelligence.

Johnny has shown great acumen in his schoolwork.

2, ag-, act-

The Latin root ag- or act- means to do; drive.”

Agenda, means “a list of things to be done; a list of things to be discussed or decided upon.

There were three items on the agenda for business meeting.

Active, means “inclined to action; working; busy; lively.”

She leads an active social life.

Actor, means “a person who does something,” or a person who acts.”

He was an actor in the play.

3, am-

The Latin am- means “to love.”

Amateur, means “ a person who does something for the love of it rather than for money; a person who practices an art, sport, or science for his own pleasure, rather than as a profession..”

The painter was a gifted amateur.

Amorous, means “tending to fall in love; showing love; in love.”

He has a very amorous nature.

4, anim-

The latin root anim- means “life; mind; soul; spirit.”

Animal, means “that which is characterized by life; a living thing.”

Both men and dogs are animals.

Unanimous, comes from the Latin root un- meaning “one” and the root anima- meaning “mind” plus the latin suffix –ous which means “having; being.” Thus, unanimous means “being of one mind; sharing the same views; showing the assent of all concerned.”

The committee was unanimous in favoring adjournment.

5, annu-, enni-

The Latin root Annu-or enni- means ‘year”.

Annual, means “of one year; yearly; occurring every year.” In agriculture（农业）and gardening（田园）, it means ‘ lasting only one year,” and is applied to a plant living only one year or growing season and not blooming again.

Beans（大豆）and corn（玉米）are annuals; you have to plant a new crop every year.

Perennial, means “continuing or lasting through the year,” but its use has expanded to mean “lasting through the years; everlasting.”

I am tired of your perennial nagging.

6, anthrop-, anthropo-

The greek root anthrop- or anthropo means “man;human.”

Anthropology, means “the science or study of man”; that is “the science dealing with the physical, social, and cultural development of man.”

In college John majored in anthropology and sociology.

7, archeo-, archi-, -arch, -archy

The Greek root arche- or archeo- means “ancient.”

Archeology, comes from archeo- meaning “ancient” and the greek suffix –ology, which means “the science or study of.” Thus, archeology is “the study of history from the remains of ancient human cultures.”

The second Greek root, arch-, or archi-, means “ chief; principal”

Archangel, means “a chief or principal angel.”

Archbishop, means “ the chief bishop of province.”

The bishop was elevated to archbishop.

Archenemy, means “a chief enemy.”

8, aud-, audit-

The Latin root aud- or audit- means “ to hear”

Audible, means “capable of being heard; loud enough to be heard.”

The teacher’s voice was barely audible.

Audience, means “the people assembled to hear something.”

The audience applauded the musicians.

9, aut-, auto-

The Greek root aut- or auto- means “self”

Autocrat comes from the Greek roots auto- meaning “self” and –crat meaning “rule; power.”An autocrat is “ a ruler with unrestricted power”;

Grandfather was quite an autocrat at the dinner table.

Automobile, means “self-moving vehicle.”

10, bene-,

The Latin root bene- means well; good”

Benefactor is a person who does good; a backer.

Mr.Smith, the banker, is a benefactor of the museum.

11, bio- 

   The Greek root bio- means “life”. 

Biochemistry（生物化学）, biography（传记）, biology（生物学） 

12， cad-, cid-, cas- 

These Latin roots means “to fall; befall; happen by chance” 

  Accident （事故）, casual（偶然）, incident（事件）, occasion（场合） 

13, cap-, capt-, cip-, cept-, ceiv- 

These Latin roots means “to take; seize” 

Capture（抓住）, deceive（欺骗）, receive（收到）, except（除外） 

14， ced-, cede-, ceed-, cess 

    These Latin roots means “to go ; yield” 

 Concede（让步）, exceed（超越）, precede（进步）, process（过程）, recede（倒退） 

15， cent- 

The Latin root cent- means “one hundred.” 

Century（世纪）, percent（百分之）, centipede（蜈蚣）, centenary （一百年）

16, cern-, cret- 

   The Latin roots means “ to separate; distinguish” 

Concern, comes from the Latin prefix con- meaning “thoroughly” and cern- meaning “to see,; distinguish.” Thus, concern literally means “to see thoroughly in the mind.” In practice, it may mean “ to involve oneself” or “ to relate to or affect.” It may also mean ‘interest or worry’ or a business enterprise（企业） or firm.” Discern（认出）, is made up of Latin prefix dis- meaning ‘apart” and cern- meaning “to separate.” Thus, discern means “to recognize as separate or apart from everything else; to perceive(察觉 ).” 

Secret is formed from the Latin prefix se- meaning “apart” and cret- meaning “to separate.” Thus, a secret is “something separated or kept apart from others, something kept hidden; something not told or not to be revealed.” Secret also means ‘ concealed; hidden.” 

17, clam-, claim- 

   The Latin root clam- or claim- means “to cry out; shout.” 

    Declaim(慷慨陈词), Exclaim(大叫 ), proclaim (宣布)

18, clud-, clus--, clos- 

The Latin toot clud-,clus-, or clos- means “to shut; close.”learn the six core vocabulary words based on this root: conclude, disclose, enclose(附上), exclude(排除), include, preclude(排除 

). 

19, cord- 

The Latin root cord- means “heart.” Learn the following three important core(核心) vocabulary words that are based on cord(绳子): cordial(诚恳), accord(协议), record(记录). 

20, corpor-, corp- 

     The Latin root corpor- or corp- means “body; flesh.” 

Corpulent(肥胖 ) come from corp- meaning “body; flesh” and the Latin suffix -ulent meaning “abounding in; full of.” Thus, corpulent means “fat; fleshy.” 

Corpuscle(血球), incorporate(合并)

21, cre-, cresc-, cret-

  The Latin toot cre-, cresc-, or cret- means “to grow.”

   Crescent(新月型）,  increase（提高）,  concrete（具体的实在的）

22, cred-

   The Latin root cred- means “to believe; trust.”

 Credit（信用）, accredit（信任）, credentials（证书）, discredit（无信）；

23, cumb-, cub-

   The Latin root cumb- or cub- means “ to lie down”

  Cubicle（小卧室）, incubate（孵卵）, incumbent（职责所在）, succumb（屈服）

24, dict-

  The Latin root dict- means “to say or speak.”

   Contradict（抵触）,dictate（口述）, diction（措辞）, predict（预言）

25, doc-, doct-

    The Latin root doc- or doct- means “to teach”

   docile（听话的）, doctor（医生）, doctrine（教条）, document（公文）,

26, duc-, duct-        

The Latin root duc- or duct- means “to lead.”

Conduct（行为）, introduce（介绍）, produce（提供）, reduce（减少）,

27, eque-

The Latin root eque- means “equal; even.”

Adequate（适当的）, equilibrium（平衡）, equivocal（不明确的）,

28, fact-, fic-, fact-, fect-

 The Latin root fact-, fict-, fact-, fect-  means “to do; make.”

29, fer-

   The Latin root fer- means “to carry, bring.”

   Confer（商议）, differ（不一致）, offer（出价）, transfer（传送）, defer（推迟）, refer（提交）

30, firm-

The Latin root firm- means “firm;strong.”

Affirm（断言）, confirm（确定）, infirm（弱的）

31, flect-, flex-

The Latin root felct-or flex- means “to bend.”

Deflect（偏斜，偏离）, flexible（易弯曲的, 可以弯曲的），reflect（反射，反映）

32, flu-, flux-

The Latin root flu- or flux- means “to flow”

Affluent富裕的, fluency流利,流畅, influence影响,作用, effluence污水.废水, influx流入.涌入

33, frang-, fring-, fract- frag-

The Latin root frang-, fring-, fract-, frag- means “to break.”

Fraction小部分.少量, fragile易碎的.易破的, fragment碎片.片段, infringe违背.侵犯

34, fus-, fund-, found-

The Latin root fus-, fund-, found- means “to melt; to pour.”

Confuse使迷惑.混淆, foundry铸造厂, fusion融合，结合, refund退款, diffuse扩散的，漫散的, profuse大量的 众多的, suffuse布满 充满, transfuse输入

35, gam-

The Greek root gam- means “marriage”

Bigamy 重婚罪, monogamy,一夫一妻制 单配偶 polygamy一夫多妻制

36, gen-, genit-

The Greek and Latin root gen- or genit- means “to produce; give birth to; beget.”

Genesis创始\开端, genius天才天赋, genial友好的亲切的, genuine真的 名副其实的, genital生殖的 生殖器的, progenitor祖先 创始人

37, geo-

The Greek root geo- means “earth.”

Geography地理, geology地质学, geometry几何学, geochemistry地球化学, geophysics地球物理学, geopolitics地缘政治学

38, ger- gest-

The Latin root ger- or gest means “to carry; carry on; produce.”

Belligerent好战的;好斗的, digest消化, gestate怀孕 构思, congest,充满拥挤 gesticulate用手势表达 作手势, ingest咽下，吸收 gesture手势,

39, grad-, gress-

The Latin root grad- or gress means “a step” or “to step or go”

Aggression侵略, gradual逐渐的 平缓的, graduate毕业, progress进步, digress走岔道 脱离主题, regress退回 逆行 回归, transgress,违反违背

40, grat-

The Latin root grat- means “pleasing”

Congratulate庆祝, grateful感激的, gratify,使高兴 使满意 gratitude感激之情 感恩 , gratuity.赏钱，小费

 41, grav-

The Latin root grav- means “heavy”

Aggravate（加剧；恶化）, gravity（庄重；严肃）

42, her-, hes-

The Latin root her- or hes- means “to stick(粘住, 粘贴).”

Adhere(粘附, 胶着, 坚持), cohere(粘着, 凝结, 紧凑), inhere(存在), incoherent(不连贯的, 语无伦次的),

43, jac-, ject-

   The Latin root jac- or ject- means “to throw, lie, or be thrown down.”

Adjacent, comes from the Latin prefix ad- meaning “near” and jac- meaning “to be thrown down” plus the Latin suffix –ent which is the same as our English ending –ing. Adjacent therefore means “thrown down, or lying, next to or near something else; situated or located next to or near one another; adjoining.”

inject(注射, 注入), project(计划, 方案, 事业, 企业, 工程), abject(卑鄙的, 可怜的), ejaculate(射出), object(反对, 拒绝, 抗议), eject(逐出, 撵出, 驱逐, 喷射), reject(拒绝, 抵制, 否决), dejection(沮丧, 粪便), subject(题目, 主题, 科目, 学科)

44, junct-, join-, joint-

   This root means “ to join.”

  Adjoin(邻接, 毗连), conjunction(联合, 关联, 连接词), injunction(命令, 指令, [律]禁令), junction(连接, 接合, 交叉点, 汇合处), enjoin(吩咐, 命令, 嘱咐), juncture(n.接合点), subjunctive(n.虚拟语气)

45, Leg-, lig-, lect-

   This Latin root means “ to choose” or “to reda.”

Collect(收集, 聚集, 集中, 搜集), elect(选举, 推选,) eligible(符合条件的, 合格的), lecture(演讲, 讲稿), legible(清晰的, 易读的), select(选择, 挑选), lecturn, legend(传说, 伟人传, 图例), intelligent(聪明的, 伶俐的), selectivity(选择性)

46, loqu-, locut-

   This Latin root means “to speak”.

Colloquial(口语的, 通俗的), eloquent( 有口才的, 动人的), elocution(雄辩术, 演说法), interlocutor(对话者, 对谈者), colloquy(谈话, 会话), loquacious(多话的, 饶舌的), circumlocution(婉转曲折的陈述),

47, mit-, miss-

   This Latin root means “to send; let go.”

   Admit(容许, 承认, 接纳), commit(犯(错误), 干(坏事),), dismiss(解散, 下课, 开除), emit(发出, 放射, 吐露), missile(导弹, 发射物), omit(省略, 疏忽, 遗漏), permit(许可, 允许, 准许), transmit(传输, 转送, 传达), intermittent(adj.间歇的, 断断续续的), emissary(n.使者), remission(n.免除), remit(vt.宽恕, 免除, 推迟, 传送, 使复职vi.缓和, 汇款n.移交的事物), remiss(adj.玩忽职守的), intermission(n.间断), missionary(adj.传教的, 传教士的n.传教士),

48, mon-, mont-,

   This Latin root means “to warn; advise.”

   Admonish(vt.劝告, 训诫, 警告), monument(n.纪念碑), monitor(n.班长, 监控器v.监控) premonition(n.前兆)

49, mov-, mot-

   This Latin root means “to move.”

    Emotion(情绪, 情感, 感情), promote(vt.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔), remote(adj.遥远的, 偏僻的, 细微的), remove(vt.移动, 开除, 移交), commotion(n.骚动, 暴乱), mobile(adj.可移动的, 易变的, 机动的), motivation(n.动机), demote(vt.使降级,使降职), mobilize(v.动员), motor(n.发动机,电动机)

50, nasc-, nat-

   This Latin root means “to be born”

  Nascent(adj.初生的), nation(n.国家,民族), native(adj.本国的,本地的,天赋的,土著的), prenatal(adj.出生以前的).

51, pel-, pell-, puls-

This Latin root means “to drive; push.”

Compel（强迫；迫使）, impel（推进；激励；驱使）, repel（击退）, dispel（驱散；消除）, expulsion（驱逐；开除）, pulsation（振动）, expel（开除；排除）, pulse（脉搏）

52, pend-, pens-

This Latin root means “ to hang, weigh, or pay”

Depend（取决于，决定于）, dispense（分配；施与；配药）, expend（花费，用光）, suspend（暂停；停职；悬挂；悬浮），append（附加，增补）, compensate（赔偿；弥补；抵消）, pendant（悬饰，垂饰）, appendage（附属物；肢）, pending（直到...；等待...期间；未定的；将发生的）, appendix（阑尾；附录）,

53, pet-, petit-,

This Latin root means “to go; seek; strive”

Appetite（胃口，食欲）, compete（竞争；争夺）, competent（胜任的；表现出能力的；有法定权利的）, petition（请愿（书）；诉状；祈祷；请求）, repetition（重复（发生）；重复的事）

54, ple-, plet-,

This Latin root means “to fill.”

Complete（完整的；完成了的；彻底的；齐备的）, deplete（大大减少；使空虚，使枯竭）, implement（工具；实施）, replete（饱足的；塞满的）,

55, plic-, plicit-, plex, ply-

The Latin root means “to fold, twist; bend; tangle; connect.”

Complex（费解的；结构复杂的；复合的；综合体；情结）, complexion（气色；肤色；性质）, complicate（复杂的；费解的；棘手的；结构复杂的）, explicit清楚明确的；详尽的）, implicate（涉及，表明某人与某事有牵连）, implicit暗示的；绝对的）, imply（暗示；使必然产生）, duplicity（虚伪性，欺骗性）, replica（艺术复制品）, dupex（半独立式房屋；复式住宅）, multiply（使相乘；使大大增加；繁殖）, reply（回答，答复）, duplicate（重复的；复制；复印；比得上）, ply（股；层片；候客；定期来回往返；从事，经营）, supplication（祈求，恳求）

56, pond-, posit-, pound-, pose-

The Latin root means “to put; to place.”

Component(成分；组成部分；零部件）, compose（创作；使镇定；调解；排版；由...构成）, composite（拼合成的；复合的；合成物）, compound（化合物；复合词；混合的；复合的）, depose（罢免；宣誓作证）, deposit（安置；使沉淀；储蓄；付押金；矿床；存款；订金；押金）, dispose（布置，排列，整理，安排）, expose（暴露；揭露；使曝光；弃于户外使冻饿而死）, expound（阐述，解释）, impose（征税；强迫接受；占便宜；打扰）, oppose（反对）, postpone（使延期）, propose（提议；计划；向...求婚）,

57, port-

This Latin root means “to carry.”

Deport（驱逐出境；发布驱逐令；行为举动）, export（输出，出口;（pl.)出口货), import(进口，输入；进口商品；进口业；含义；重要性）, portable(手提的，可移动的）, disport（自娱，嬉戏）, report（报告；传闻；成绩单；枪声；记述；报道新闻；举报；向...报到）, transport（运输；交通系统；军用运输船；满心欢喜流放；使激动）, support（支撑；供养；资助；支付...的费用；鼓励；支持；承受；支撑物；生计）

58, quir-, quisit-, quest-

The Latin root means “to seek or ask.”

Acquire(取得，获得）, inquire（询问）, require（需要；要求；命令）, conquest（攻克；征服；占领地；感情上的被征服者）, exquisite（优雅的；制作精良的；敏感的；细致的；极度的）, perquisite津贴，补贴）, request（要求；被请求；所请求的事物）,

59, rupt-,

This Latin root means “to break; burst.”

Corrupt（贪污受贿的；有伤风化的；使腐败；破坏本来面目），disrupt（使混乱；扰乱）, erupt（火山爆发；喷出岩浆；出疹；开始长牙）, interrupt（打断；中断）, rupture（突然破裂；爆裂；使发疝气）,

60, scrib-, script-

This Latin root means “to write.”

Describe（叙述；描述；形容；画出图形）, inscribe（刻写，题写）, prescribe（开处方；指定遵守某事）, proscribe（禁止；使失去法律保护）, subscribe（赞助；赠款；订阅；签名）, transcribe, ascribe（把...归于）, circumscribe（限制，约束；在...周围画线）, conscript（正某人入伍；应征入伍者）, manuscript（底稿；手抄本）, scribble（乱涂，瞎写；乱涂的东西；难看的笔迹）, scripture（圣经；经文）, scrip（代金卷）

61, sed-, sid-, sess-

  This Latin root means “to sit; settle”

   Preside（负责；指挥）, reside（居住）, sediment（沉淀物；渣）, session(会议，开庭), dissident（持不同政见者）, residue（残余，渣滓，滤渣，剩余物）, sedate（安静的，稳重的。给...服镇静剂）, subside（下沉，沉淀，平息，减退，衰减）, subsidiary（辅助的，补充的）, subsidy （补助金，津贴）

62, spec-, spic-, spect-

  This Latin root means “to look,; look at.”

Conspicuous（显著的）, expect（期待，预期，盼望，指望）, inspect（检查，视察）, respect（尊敬，敬重，注意，考虑，关系）, spectacle（观览物，公开展示，奇观，景象）, auspicious（吉兆的，幸运的）, perspicuity（明白）, speculate（推测，思索，做投机买卖）, despicable（可鄙的，卑劣的）, suspect（嫌疑犯。令人怀疑的，不可信的。怀疑，猜测，对...有所觉察）, spectator（观众）, perspective（透视画法，透视图，远景，前途，观点，观察）

63, tang-, ting-, tact-,

  contact（接触，联系）, contingent（可能发生的，附随的，暂时的）, intact（完整无缺的，尚未被人碰过的）, tact（机智，手法，老练，操作性回答）, tangent（接触的，相切的，离题的。切线，正切）, tangible（切实的）

64, ten-, tin-, tent-, tain-,

  The Latin root means “to hold.”

  Contain（包含，容纳，容忍，自制）, continent（大陆，陆地）, detain（拘留，留住，阻止）, lieutenant（陆军中尉，海军上尉，副职官员）, pertain（适合，属于）, pertinacious（固执的）, retain（保持，保留）, tenacious（顽强的）, abstain（禁绝，放弃）, entertain（娱乐，招待，接受，怀抱。款待）, sustenance（食物，生计，支持）, maintain（维持，维修，继续，供养，主张）, obtain（获得，得到）, sustain（支撑，撑住，维持，持续）, tenant（承租人，房客。出租）,

65, tract-

   This Latin root means “to drag;draw; pull.”

   Attract（吸引，有吸引力，引起注意）, contract（合同，契约，婚约。使缩减，感染，订约）, detract（转移）, distract（转移）, extract（拔出，榨取，开方，摘录，吸取）, protract（延长）, retract（缩回，缩进，收回，取消）, subtract（减去）, tract（土地，广阔的地面，地方，小册子）, tractor（拖拉机）, traction（牵引）

66, ven-, vent-

  This Latin root means “to move toward; come.”

Adventure（冒险，冒险的经历）, circumvent（围绕，包围，智取）, convene（召集，集合）, convenient（便利的，方便的）, event（事件，结果，精力，竞赛）, invent（发明，创造）, prevent（预防，防止）, intervene（干涉，干预，介入）, venture（冒险，投机，风险）, advent（（尤指不寻常的人或事）出现，到来）, venturesome（冒险的，危险的）

67, vert-, vers-

   This Latin root means “to turn.”

   Avert（转移）, convert（皈依者，使转变）, divert（转移，转向，使高兴）, reverse（背面，反面，颠倒）, subversive（颠覆性的，破坏性的，危险分子）, controversy（论争，辩论）, irreversible（不能撤回的，不能取消的）, traverse（横木，障碍，否认，反驳）

68, vid-, vis-

   This Latin root means “to see.”

   Evident（明显的，显然的）, provide（供给，准备，预防，规定）, television（电视机，电视学，电视广播事业）, video（电视，录象，视频）, vision（视觉，眼力，想象力，幻想）, advise（劝告，忠告，警告，建议）, proviso（限制性条款，附文，附带条件）, visage（面貌，容貌）, visit（拜访，参观）, visitation（访问，探望，正式的视察，天降的祸福）

69, voc-, vok-,

   This Latin root means “voice” or “to call.”

   Advocate（提倡者，鼓吹）, evoke（唤起，引起，博得）, invoke（调用）, provoke（激怒，挑拨，煽动，惹起，驱使）, vocabulary（词汇，词汇量，词表）, vocation（召唤，号召，天职，才能，职业）, vocal（有声的，歌唱的，元音）, vocalize（成为有声）, vociferate（大声叫，大叫，喊叫）,

70, volv-, volut-

   This Latin root means “to roll.”

   Evolve(使发展，使进化), involve（包括，笼罩，潜心于，使陷于）, revolve（使旋转，考虑，循环出现）,  revolt（反抗，起义，反叛，反感，厌恶）

英语常用前缀

1， ab-,abs-

This Latin prefix means “off; away; from.”

Abduct comes from ab- meaning “away” and the root –duct meaning “to lead.” Thus, abduct means “to lead or carry away wrongfully; to kidnap.”

Abhor（厌恶；憎恶）, abnormal（不正常的）, abort（使流产；坠胎）, absent（缺席）, absolve（解除；赦免）, abstain（戒绝；放弃）, abuse（虐待；凌污）

2, ad-

The Latin prefix ad- means “to; toward; near; at.”

Adapt comes from ad- meaning “to” and the Latin root apt- meaning “to fit.”Thus, adapt means “to fit for a new use; adjust.”

Adjacent, admire

3, ambi-

It means “both; on both sides;around.”

Ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambitious,

4, ante-, anti-

This Latin prefix ante- means “before”or ;infront of.”antebellum, antecede, antechamber, antedate, anteroom

The Greek prefix anti- means against,; apposed to.”

Antiaircraft, antidote, antipathy

5, bi-

The Latin prefix bi- means “twice; doubly; occurring twiceor having two.”

Biannual, bicameral, bicycle, bigamy, bilateral, bilingual, binoculars

6, circum-

The prefix circum- means “around; on all sides.”

Circumambulate, circumlocution, circumnavigate, circumflex, circumscribe, circumvent

7, com-and its disguises

The prefix com- means “with; together; thoroughly.”

Combat, compatriot,concedecombine, commerce, commit

8, contra-, counter-

It means “against; opposite; contrary;apposing.”

9, de-

The prefix de- means (1) away; off;(2) down; a lessening;(3) completely; (4) undoing or reversal of an action.

Debar, debark, declare, dehumidify, Demote,

10, dis-, di-, dif-

This prefix means (1) away from; apart; in different directions; (2) the reversal or undoing of an action; (3) not.

Diffuse, disable, discontinue, dislocate

11, ex- and its disguises

It means (10) out, out of, or from; (2) former; (3) thoroughly or completely.

Evade, exclude, exhume, excavate

12, hyper-

It means “over; excessive; or excessively.”

Hyperacidity, hypercorrect, hypersensitive

13, hypo-

It means under or beneath; less than.”

14, in- and its disguises (em-, en-, il-, im-, ir-)

It has two basic meanings: (1) not; without; (2) in; into; within.

Embrace, illiterate, imbalance, incarnate, irresistible

15, inter-

It means “among; between; with each other.”

Interbreed, interfere, interject, interlude, intercept

16, intra-

This Latin prefix means “inside; within.”

Intramural（社区或者组织内的）, intravenous（静脉）

17, mal- or male- and mis-

It means “bad; ill; evil; wrong.”

Maladroit（笨拙的）, malcontent（不平的，抱怨的或者不满者）, malediction（诅咒，诽谤）, malignant（有恶意的，致命的）

18, non-

It means “not.”

Nonchalant（淡漠的，无动于衷的）, nonconformist（非国教徒，不符合传统规范的人或者不妥协主义的）, nonentity（无足轻重的人，不存在的东西）, nonsense（无意义的事，荒谬）

19, ob- and its disguises( oc-, 0f-, op-)

It means “toward; to; against; completely; over.”

Obese（肥胖的）, object（目标，目的，物体）, obtrude（伸出）, occupy（充任，占有，填满）, offend（激怒，使憎恨）, oppress（压迫，压抑）

20, per-

It means (1) through; throughout; by means of; by; (2) thoughly, completely;(3) wrongly.

Perambulate（步行通过，漫步于）, percent（百分之…，百分比）, perfect（极好的，圆满的）, perjure（为…作伪证，使作伪证）,

21, post-

It means “after; behind.”

Postgraduate（研究生课后的，研究生的）, postpone（延迟，延搁，延缓）

22, pre-

It means before in time or order; preceding; prior to; in front of.”

Precaution（预防，防备）, prefabricate（预先建造，预先编造）, premolar（前臼齿的，前磨牙的）

23, pro-

It means (1) forward; forth; (2) before; (3) in place of or on behalf of; for

Produce（产生，生产）, profane（凡俗的，不圣洁的）, profess（声称，公言，承认）, pronoun（代词，代名词）

24, re-

It means “back; again; thoroughly.

Rebel（造反，反叛）, recall（记得，召回，回忆）, refresh（使恢复精力） refrigerate（使冷却,使清凉）

25, se-

It means “aside; apart; away; without.”

Secede（退出，脱离）, secure（安心的，安全的，无虑的）, sedition（煽动叛乱）, seduce（引诱，诱惑，使着迷）, segregate（分离，分开）, select（选择）

26, sub- and its disguises(suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sur-, sus-)

It means (1)under; beneath; below;(2) secondary; subordinate;(3) less than, almost, or imperfectly; (4) secretly.

Suffer, suggest, summon（传唤，召集）, support, surrogate（代理人，代理品或者代替的）, susceptible（善感的，敏感的）, suspect（怀疑，认为）, sustain（支持，扶养）

27, super-

It means (10 above; over; beyond; (2) more than; greater than; superior; (3) excessively.

Superficial（肤浅的，表面的）, supernatural（不可思议的，超自然的）, supersede（替代，更换）,

28, syn- and its disguises (syl-, sym-, sys-)

It means “together; with.”

Syllable（音节，把…划分音节）, sympathy, symphony（交响乐）, synonym（同义词）,syntax（句法，语法）

29, trans-

It means (1) across; over; beyond; through; on the otherside of; (2) completely; (3) surpassing.”

Transact（办理，处理）, translantic, transcribe（可抄写的，可誊写的）, transfer（传递，迁移）, transform（交换，变形）, transmit（传送，传达）

30, un-

It means “not; opposed to; lacking; back”

Unbend（是变直，放松）, uncouth（粗野的，笨拙的，不优雅的）

 英语常用后缀

1, Noun suffixes: acts, condition, or states

The following fifteen suffixes generally mean (1) the act, state, quality, means, process, result, or condition of (doing or being); (2) the beliefs, teachings, or system of; (3) devotion to.

-acity

Capacity means mental ability.

-acy

Celibacy means the state of being unmarried.

-al(or –ial, -eal)

Refusal means the act of refusing.

-ence(or –ance, -ancy,-ency)

Acceptance means the act of accepting.

-ion

Creation means the act of creating.

-ism

Heroism mean the state of condition of being heroic.

-ment(-men)

Excitement means the state of being excited.

-mony

Matrimony means the state of being married.

Parsimony means the condition of being overtly thrifty.

-ness

Coldness means the state of being cold.

--or

Error means the condition of being wrong.

-sis

ananlysis means the act of separating a whole into its parts.

-tude

Multitude means the condition of being many in numbers.

-ty

Superiority means the quality of being superior.

-ture

Pressure means the act or result of pressing or weighing down on something.

-y

Victory means the state or condition of being a victor.

2, Noun suffixes: people, places, and things

The following ten suffixes of noun s all mean (1) a person or thing that does, practices, or is characterized by or connected with something; (2) a native, citizen, or inhabitant of; (3) a follower of; (4) a place or instrument for.

-an( or –ian, -ean, -ane)

American means a native or inhabitant of America.

-ant(or –ent)

Inhabitant means a person who lives in or inhabits a specific place.

Resident means a person who resides in a specific house, city, state.

-ar

Beggar means a person who begs for his living.

-ary

Library means a place for the collection and storage of books.

-er

baker means a person who bakes bread.

-ician

Logician means an expert in the use of logic.

-ist

druggist means a person who prepares and deals in medical drugs.

-ite

socialite means a person who connected with fashionable social life.

-or

competitor means a person who competes against another.

-ory

dormitory means a large room with sleeping accommodations for many persons.

3, The following three suffixes of nouns all mean (1) the art, science, or study of ; (2) speech or discourse

-ics

Linguistics means the science of language.

-logy (or -logue, -ology)

Biology means the science of life in all its manifestations.

Dialogue means a conversation between two or more people, actors, groups, etc.

-nomy

Astronomy means the science that deals with heavenly bodies, their motions, distances.

4, Five familiar suffixes

The following five noun and verb suffixes are widely used, but are not related in meaning as are those already discussed.

-cracy (means rule by; government)

Democracy literally, rule by the people; hence a form of government in which political power is excercised by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.

Note: The suffix –cracy has a related suffix –crat meaning “ a person who supports a type of government or who belongs to a social class,”such as democrat, plutocrat, aristocrat.

-graph means (1) a writing or drawing; (2) an instrument for writing, describing, or making sounds.

Autograph, telegraph, phonograph

Note: The suffix –graph has a related suffix –graphy meaning “the art of writing or drawing.” As in geography, photography, biography.

-meter means (1) measure; (2) an instrument for measuring.

Thermometer means an instrument for measuring heat or temperature.

Note: the suffix –meter has a related suffix –metry meaning “ the art or science of measuring.” As in geometry, trigonometry.

-scope(an instrument for viewing or observing)

microscope, telescope, stethoscope

5, Suffixes that form verbs.

The seven suffixes discussed here are added to roots or words in order to form verbs (words indicating action) or to indicate the tense of a verb.

-ate, -fy, -ish

They mean (1) to cause to be, become, have, or do; (2) to make; (3) to act or act upon; (4) to subject to; (5) to act in the manner of; practice.

Decimate means “to kill or destroy a large proportion.

Pacify means (1) to make peaceful; (2) to calm or soothe.

Demolish means (1) to tear down; (2) to destroy.