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曼昆宏观经济经济学第九版英文原版答案3(总13页--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--
AnswerstoTextbookQuestionsandProblemsCHAPTER3?NationalIncome:WhereItComesFromandWhereItGoesQuestionsforReview1.Thefactorsofproductionandtheproductiontechnologydeterminetheamountofoutputaneconomycanproduce.Thefactorsofproductionaretheinputsusedtoproducegoodsandservices:themostimportantfactorsarecapitalandlabor.Theproductiontechnologydetermineshowmuchoutputcanbeproducedfromanygivenamountsoftheseinputs.Anincreaseinoneofthefactorsofproductionoranimprovementintechnologyleadstoanincreaseintheeconomy’soutput.2.Whenafirmdecideshowmuchofafactorofproductiontohireordemand,itconsidershowthisdecisionaffectsprofits.Forexample,hiringanextraunitoflaborincreasesoutputandthereforeincreasesrevenue;thefirmcomparesthisadditionalrevenuetotheadditionalcostfromthehigherwagebill.Theadditionalrevenuethefirmreceivesdependsonthemarginalproductoflabor(MPLandthepriceofthegoodproduced(P.AnadditionalunitoflaborproducesMPLunitsofadditionaloutput,whichsellsforPdollarsperunit.Therefore,theadditionalrevenuetothefirmisP?MPL.ThecostofhiringtheadditionalunitoflaboristhewageW.Thus,thishiringdecisionhasthefollowingeffectonprofits:ΔProfit=ΔRevenue–ΔCost=(P?MPL–W.Iftheadditionalrevenue,P?MPL,exceedsthecost(Wofhiringtheadditionalunitoflabor,thenprofitincreases.Thefirmwillhirelaboruntilitisnolongerprofitabletodoso—thatis,untiltheMPLfallstothepointwherethechangeinprofitiszero.Intheequationabove,thefirmhireslaboruntilΔProfit=0,whichiswhen(P?MPL=W.Thisconditioncanberewrittenas:MPL=W/P.Therefore,acompetitiveprofit-maximizingfirmhireslaboruntilthemarginalproductoflaborequalstherealwage.Thesamelogicappliestothefirm’sdecisionregardinghowmuchcapitaltohire:9

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