2020年高考英语一轮复习英语16种时态

二、常见时态的基本用法

一般现在时

一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。（常和every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等连用） 具体用法：

1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

We have three meals a day.

2）表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。

Knowledge is power.

3）表示现在的情况或状态。

I live in Beijing.

4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出发，到达”等含义的词，

如，arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay等。

The train arrives at 10:30. There's plenty of time. 。

考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。

如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时表将来；常用的引导词有：

时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;

条件：if, unless, provided.
If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.

If it rains tomorrow，I shall stay at home.

The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives.

一般过去时

一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示过去具体时间的时间状语。具体用法：

1） 表示在过去特定时间中一次或一度发生的动作或存在的状态。

a. 有明确的过去时间：yesterday，last night，…ago, just now, in 1980, in the past…

b. 对比现在 Scientists think that the continents weren’t always where they are today.

c. 其他暗示 He could have done it better, but he was too careless.

2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

3）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。

If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.

4）表始料未及的过去，即表过去的意识、心态、看法等与现在不同，常用动词（know，realize, expect, recognize, mean…）,表“没想到，没意识到，不知道”。

——How time flies! It already 10 o’clock.——Oh, I didn’t realize it.

一般将来时

一般将来时用来表示将要发生的事。(soon, tomorrow, next week, some day, in (the) future)

1） shall用于第一人称，常被will代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 will (shall) + 动词原形往往指没有经过计划而临时出现的意图，常伴有说话者的主观意识或表示将来必然发生的事。

2）be going to + 动词原形，既可指主观打算做某事，也可指客观迹象表明将要发生某事

3）“be + 不定式”，表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事

注意：be going to, will与be to的区别

1. I'm going to quit my present job. （现在的打算，事先经过思考，指向将来）

2. I'll answer the door. （未经事先考虑的意图）

3. The little boy is going to fall over. （根据客观迹象判断）

4. I hope it will be fine tomorrow. （主观意愿）

5. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

6. The meeting is to take place at 8:00 tomorrow morning.

7. I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. （客观安排）

8. I am going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排）

4）“be about to do”意为“马上做某事”，表示即将发生某事，该事将发生在很近的将来，不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。

He was about to explain when she interrupted me..

5）be on the point of doing 强调在很近的将来要发生的事。

They are on the point of leaving.

考点一：在时间、条件等状语从句中，一般现在时表一般将来时（见一般现在时，考点二）
考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。

Use your head and you will find a way.

过去将来时

过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

注意：这种时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句的动作发生在主句之后。过去将来时同一般将来时类似，除了用would do 表示外，也可以用be going to do, be to do, be about to do及过去进行时等方式表示。

He was sixty-eight and in two years, he would be seventy.

You were going to give me your address but you didn't.

I was about to turn on the power of the computer when the electricity was cut off.

完成体(现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来完成时)

现在完成时

1）表示动作到说话已经完成。

He has lost his wallet and can't find it.

They have been good friends since they met at a meeting.

You needn't describe her. I have met her many times.

2）在时间或条件状语从句中表示在将来某个时间之前要完成某个动作。

Don't get off until the bus has stopped.

常用现在完成时的句型有：

1）It is/has been + 一段时间 + since 从句；

2）This/ That/ It is the first/ second... Time + that从句（从句用现在完成时）；

3）It/ This is the best/ worst/ most interesting + 名词 + that从句（从句用现在完成时）

He has lived here since 1980.

This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

It is the second time that you have been here.

过去完成时

表过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态；表“过去的过去”。在使用过去完成时时，一定要有过去的时间或动作作为参照。

考点一：“一……就……”

用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。，并且no sooner 与hardly等位于句首时，此部分须用部分倒装。
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）
考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
　That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 表示主观想法的动词，可用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来想......”

They had wanted to help, but they could not get there in time.

将来完成时

主要用于表示在将来某一时间点上会完成的动作，并对将来某一时间产生影响。常与将来时间状语连用。

We shall have fulfilled the work by the end of next week.

考点一： by+将来的时间；by the time+一般现在时从句

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。

The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.

现在进行时：

1）表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。或说话时没完成，仍在继续进行的动作或存在的状态。常与now, right now, at this moment, at present等时间状语连用。

What are they quarreling about?

I'm teaching part-time in a middle school.

2）表示马上就要发生。

非延续性动词用于进行时态，往往表示“马上就，即将，逐渐地，反复地”等意思，这类动词主要有come, go, leave, start, begin, stop, arrive, return等。

Are you staying here for a long time?（即将）

Someone is knocking at the door. （反复地）

3）表示某种感情色彩或对某一心理的生动描述。

现在进行时与always, constantly, continually, forever (for ever),

usually等副词连用时，表说话人某种情感。

The children are constantly disturbing us. （讨厌、不满）

注意：下列动词一般不能用于进行时态。

1）表示情感和思维动词一般不用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有love, like, hate, know, understand, realize, remember, believe, want, hope, wish, need, agree等。

She understands you better now.

2）表示属性或拥有的动词不能用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有have（有），own, possess, belong to, have on, consist of 等。

This dictionary belongs to Peter.

过去进行时：

表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that

moment, at that time, at the time, this time yesterday等。没有时间状语时，需要根据上下文的语境体会。

I was writing a letter when you phoned.

（见现在进行时用法）

将来进行时

1.指从现在算起的将来某时间点正在进行的动作或将要进行的动作。常与表示将来时间的短语this time ，tomorrow, at 10 o'clock next Monday等连用。

This time tomorrow we'll be flying to Pairs..

2.将来进行时表客观上必然将要发生的动作或按照安排将要发生的动作。

We shall be having a meeting after dinner as usual.

现在完成进行时：

表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。

1）表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现

在不远的时间。多用延续性动词。

Have you been waiting long for me?

2）表示“刚才，近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续。

My hands are dirty. I've been cleaning the room.

3）表示动作的重复性。

You have been asking the same question these days.

几个易混时态的用法区别

1. 一般过去时和过去完成时的区别

一般过去时是相对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则强调“过去的过去”

两种时态建立的时间参照点不同。

She looked well when I last saw her. （过去动作或状态）

When I got there, the football match had already started. （对过去的影响或产生的结果）

The train had waited there for half an hour by the time we arrived. （“过去的过去”动作持续到过去某一时刻为止）

2. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别

一般过去时只是单独谈论过去的事情，与现在没有联系，因此只要有过去时间状语的句子只能用过去时来表达；而现在完成时所表示的动作对现在有影响，或是与现在有关，或是谈论现在以前这一段时间里发生的事情。

We bought the fruit and flowers in the supermarket just now.

They haven't seen the teacher today.

动词的被动语态

1． 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时， 谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词 构成，时态通过be 表现出来。

1） 一般现在时： am/is/are +过去分词

You are required to do this.

2） 一般过去时：was/were +过去分词

The story was told by her.

3） 一般将来时：will/shall +过去分词

The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

4） 现在进行时：am/is/are +being +过去分词

The road is being widened.

5） 过去进行时：was/were + being +过去分词

The new tool was being made.

6） 现在完成时：has/have +been +过去分词

The novel has been read.

7） 过去完成时：had +been +过去分词

He said that the work had been finished.

8） 过去将来时：would/should +be +过去分词

He said that the trees would be planted soon.

三、被动语态的用法：

(1)、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.

This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：the window was broken by Mike.

This book was written by him.

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法：

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

例如：We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

You ought to take it away.

二、 一些特殊的被动结构

1、 带不定式的被动结构：The room is going to be painted.

The homework needs to be done with care.

2、 短语动词的被动：

a.（不及物）动词+介词：若这类短语动词是及物性的，则可用于被动语态中，如：laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中，如：book up, look down. 等

b.（及物）动词+副词：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等

c. 动词+副词 +介词：do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等

d. 动词+名词+介词：catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等

3、 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean.

(比较：The classroom is always kept clean.)

4、主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有：

a.主动形式，这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。

The children need looking after.

The windows wants /requires repairing.

This point deserves mentioning.

b.有些及物动词后须加副词 （如：well, easily等）， 有些可不加，如：act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write 等。

The cloth washes/ sells well.

The door won’t shut. The play won’t act.

c. 形容词worth后直接加动名词时，如：The book is worth reading twice.

某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

The fish is not fit to eat.

d. 某些感官动词（如：feel, look, prove, smell , sound, taste, wear等） 与形容词连用时：The water feels very cold.

The dish tastes delicious.

5、 以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句：

a. 动词leave, enter, reach 等的宾语是表示处所、地点（国家、团体，组织、军队）等。

b. 表示状态的动词，如：become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, suit, look like等。

c. 下列不及物动词及短语：appear, belong to , break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, take place, agree with, belong to, consist of , have on, keep up with 及一些固定词组，如 keep words, lose heart, make a face等。

d. 宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源代词，不定式，动名词，抽象名词等