Unit 1 Man and Natural Disasters

阅读理解组块专练——练速度

(限时：35分钟)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

4­H

Adult volunteers are needed to serve Pinellas County youth, aged 8 to 12.

The program involves giving one hour a week to lead the kids through fun learning experiences.Training, material and support are provided.Days, times and locations are tailored to each volunteer’s needs.

A background check is required and training will be offered in August and September.For more information, call Karen Saley at 727­582­2411.

American Red Cross Disaster Action Teams

Active or retired nurses with RN or LPN licenses are needed to serve as volunteers on Disaster Action Teams, providing medical help to victims of fires, floods, hurricanes and other natural disasters.

For details about becoming a Red Cross nurse volunteer, contact (联系) Kipp Holloway at 813­348­4820, or by e­mail to: Holloway@tampabay.redcross.org.

Beach monitors

Dr.Beach is seeking “beach monitors” to keep watch on the coastline.Dr.Beach needs volunteers to measure beach erosion (侵蚀), test for red tide and rip currents.

Volunteers will get training and equipment and will be asked to volunteer for 10 to 15 minutes twice a week.

The project is run by the Laboratory for Coastal Research at Florida International University.Call Patricia Houle at 305­348­6304 or e­mail patricia.houle@fiu.edu.

Haven of RCS

The Haven of RCS is in need of volunteers to assist victims of domestic (家庭的) violence.People who are bilingual (双语的)/Spanish speakers are especially needed.There are many varied opportunities for volunteers, including legal support.

The group requires its volunteers to attend training three hours for four evenings.No experience is required.

Available Hours: Monday­Friday 9 am－5 pm

Contact Rachel Thurber at 727­584­3528, or e­mail rachel.thurber@RCSpinellas.org.

语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章提供了四则招聘志愿者的广告。

1．Which of the following needs volunteers with professional certificates?

A．4­H.　　　　　　　　　 B．Dr.Beach.

C．Haven of RCS. D．Disaster Action Teams.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“American Red Cross Disaster Action Teams”部分的“Active or retired nurses with RN or LPN licenses are needed to serve as volunteers on Disaster Action Teams”可知，“Disaster Action Teams”需要专业证书，故选D项。

2．Which number should you call if you want to do coastal research?

A．305­348­6304. B．727­582­2411.

C．727­584­3528. D．813­348­4820.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据“Beach monitors”部分的“Dr.Beach needs volunteers to measure beach erosion (侵蚀), test for red tide and rip currents.”和“Call Patricia Houle at 305­348­6304”可知，如果你想做海岸研究，去测量海难侵蚀等，那么就拨打“305­348­6304”。故选A项。

3．Who could get help from the Haven of RCS?

A．A boy who is threatened at school.

B．A businessman who needs legal support.

C．A woman physically injured by her husband.

D．A girl learning Spanish as a foreign language.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据“Haven of RCS”部分的“in need of volunteers to assist victims of domestic (家庭的) violence”可知，这一组织的帮助对象是那些遭受家庭暴力的人，故一位被丈夫打伤的妇女有可能会得到他们的帮助。故选C项。

B

I had been back in England for three months and was fed up with it.The weather made me feel ill, the talk of the ordinary Englishman made me sick, I couldn’t get enough exercise and the entertainment in London seemed flat.’Richard Hannay，’ I kept telling myself, ‘you_have_got_into_the_wrong_ditch_(沟渠),_my_friend_and_you_had_better_climb_out.’

It made me bite my lips to think of the plans I’d made during those last years in Bulawayo.I had got my inheritance (遗产) and figured out all kinds of ways of enjoying myself.My father had brought me out to South Africa from Scotland at the age of six and I had never been home since, so England was like an adventure to me and I expected to stop there for the rest of my days.

But from the first I was disappointed with it.In about a week I was tired of seeing the sights and in less than a month I had had enough of restaurants and theatres.I had no real friend to go about with, which probably explains things.A lot of people asked me to meet schoolmasters from New Zealand, and that was the most boring business of all.Here was I, thirty­seven years old, in good health, with enough money to have a good time, yawning my head off all day.

That night was fine and clear as I walked back to the flat I had hired near Portland Place.The crowd passed me on the pavements, busy and chattering (喋喋不休), and I envied the people for having something to do.I gave a coin to a beggar because I saw him yawn; he was a fellow­sufferer.At Oxford Circus I looked up into the spring sky and I made a vow (誓言)．I would give England another day to come up with something, if nothing happened, I would take the next boat to leave.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。继承了大笔遗产的作者打算回英国定居，但住了没多久，英国的生活就让他倍感无趣。

4．What did the author mean by saying the underlined part?

A．His friend was in trouble.

B．He wanted to leave England.

C．His friend had made a mistake.

D．He advised his friend to leave London.

解析：选B　句意理解题。根据第一段中作者在英国的感受“fed up, ill, sick”等可以推知，他想离开这个地方。在画线部分中，作者用“wrong ditch (沟渠)”来比喻英国。

5．What do we know about the author?

A．He was on business in New Zealand.

B．He was enjoying his life in South Africa.

C．He had been planning to settle down in England.

D．He had lived in Scotland for most of his childhood.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“plans I’d made”和“England was like an adventure to me and I expected to stop there for the rest of my days”可知，作者本打算在英国定居，度过余生。

6．What did the author say about his first few weeks in England?

A．His business was suffering.

B．He couldn’t get used to the food there.

C．There weren’t enough places for him to visit.

D．Having a friend there would have made the experience better.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I had no real friend to go about with, which probably explains things.”可以推知，作者认为，如果有好朋友在身边，那么他在英国的经历会比现在好很多。

7．Why did the author see the beggar as “a fellow­sufferer”？

A．They were both sick.

B．They were both bored.

C．Neither of them had a job.

D．Neither of them had a friend.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“yawning my head off all day”和第四段中的“I saw him yawn”可以推知，这个乞丐和作者一样，对目前的生活感到很无聊。

C

Chinese scientists have cloned monkeys using the same technique used in cloning Dolly the sheep two decades ago, breaking a technical barrier to the door to copying humans.

Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, two long­tailed macaques (猕猴), are exactly the same.They were born eight and six weeks ago, making them the first primates (灵长目动物) to be cloned, which include monkeys, apes and humans.It was achieved through a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)．

Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neuroscience in Shanghai said their work should be a contribution to medical research by making it possible to study diseases in populations of cloned monkeys.But it also brings the possibility of cloning to the doorstep of our own species (物种)．

“Humans are primates.So for the cloning of primate species, including humans, the technical barrier is now broken，” Muming Poo, who helped direct the program, told reporters in a conference call.“The reason why we broke this barrier is to produce animal models that are useful for medicine, for human health.There is no intention to apply this method to humans.”

Since Dolly was born in Scotland in 1996, scientists have successfully used SCNT to clone more than 20 other species, including cows, pigs, dogs, rabbits, cats and mice.Similar work on primates, however, had always failed, leading some experts to wonder if primates were resistant.

The new research, published on Wednesday in the journal Cell, shows that is not the case.The Chinese team succeeded, after many attempts, by switching on or off certain genes that were concerned with embryo (胚胎) development.

语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。2018年1月25日两只克隆猴登上国际权威学术杂志《细胞》，克隆猴“中中”和“华华”在中国诞生。中国科学家成功克隆猴子，在克隆领域取得重大突破。

8．Why is it a big breakthrough to have monkeys cloned?

A．It is more difficult to clone monkeys than other species.

B．More advanced techniques have been used in the process.

C．Cloning monkeys makes it far more likely to clone humans.

D．Monkeys are the first species to be cloned after Dolly the sheep.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段的“breaking a technical barrier to the door to copying humans”，第三段最后一句和第四段第一、二句可知，中国科学家克隆出灵长目动物使得克隆人类成为可能。

9．What’s the aim of their new research according to Chinese researchers?

A．To learn more about primates.

B．To contribute to medicine.

C．To help rare animals survive.

D．To prepare for cloning humans.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段的“The reason why we broke this barrier is ...apply this method to humans.”可知，中国科学家克隆猴子的目的是让这一技术更好地服务于医学和人类健康。

10．What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Primates can’t be cloned at all.

B．Dolly the sheep can’t be cloned again.

C．Research on primates failed many times.

D．Scientists have cloned many species.

解析：选A　代词指代题。此处that指上一段中所说的“由于克隆灵长目动物的多次失败，导致部分科学家怀疑灵长目动物是不能被克隆的”这一说法。

11．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．More species will be cloned in the future

B．Animal models are useful for human health

C．New findings about primates are quite unexpected

D．Chinese scientists break a key barrier by cloning monkeys

解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，中国科学家成功克隆了猴子，在克隆领域取得重大突破，这将为人类医学做出更大的贡献。

D

Password fatigue (疲劳)is the feeling experienced by many people who are required to remember an increasing number of passwords as part of their daily routine, such as to log on to a computer at work, undo a bicycle lock or conduct banking businesses at an ATM.

The increasing importance of information technology and the Internet in employment, finance, recreation and other aspects of people’s lives, and the following introduction of secure deal technology, have led to people accumulating a

sudden increase in accounts and passwords.According to a survey of the British online security consultant NTA Monitor, the typical regular computer user has 21 accounts that require a password.

Other things causing password fatigue are: demands that a user create a new password that uses particular pattern of letters, numbers and special characters; demands that the user type the new password twice; blind typing — both when responding to a password immediately and when setting a new password.

Aside from contributing to stress, password fatigue may encourage people to adopt habits that reduce the security of their protected information.For example, an account holder might use the same password for several different accounts, and deliberately choose easy­to­remember passwords that are more likely to be solved, or rely on written records of their passwords.

Password fatigue will typically affect users, but can also affect technical departments who manage user accounts as they are constantly resetting passwords.This situation ends up lowering confidence and enthusiasm in both cases.

Some companies are well organized in this respect, and have employed alternative methods or adopted technologies so that a user’s certificates are entered automatically, but others may not focus on ease of use or even worsen the situation by constantly carrying out new applications with their own certification system.

语篇解读：本文主要介绍了密码疲劳问题，其中包括原因、影响和应对策略。

12．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A．Reasons for password fatigue.

B．Definition of password fatigue.

C．Roles of the Internet in daily life.

D．A survey on regular computer users.

解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段整体内容和第三段第一句中的“Other things causing password fatigue are”可知，第二段主要讲的是引起密码疲劳的原因，故选A项。

13．What may password fatigue cause people to do?

A．To choose complex passwords.

B．To improve their memory.

C．To use the same passwords.

D．To learn passwords by heart.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“For example, an account holder might use the same password for several different accounts”可知，密码疲劳可能会导致人们用同一个密码，故选C项。

14．What can we infer about password fatigue?

A．It may create new accounts.

B．It can be finally solved in the future.

C．It can encourage account holders.

D．It will continue to exist for ever.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的整体内容可推知，密码疲劳这一问题还是可以解决的，故选B项。

15．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? (P＝Paragraph)

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据全文的整体内容可知，第一段讲密码疲劳的定义，第二段和第三段都是引起密码疲劳的原因，第四段和第五段是密码疲劳的影响，最后一段是应对策略，由此可推知，符合本文结构的是D项。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Low emotional quotient (EQ) has an influence on a wide variety of social relationships.Here are six of the classic signs of low EQ：

•Getting into lots of arguments.

__1__ Because low EQ individuals struggle to understand the emotions of others, they often find themselves arguing without considering how others are feeling.

•Thinking that other people are overly sensitive.

People who are low in EQ might crack off jokes at inappropriate times.__2__ When other people react to such out­of­line jokes, the low EQ individual may feel like others are simply being too sensitive.

•Blaming others for mistakes.

__3__ When things go wrong, their first instinct is to blame others.They might suggest that they had no other choice for what they did and that other people simply do not understand their situation.This tendency to not take responsibility often leaves them feeling bitter and victimized.

•An inability to cope with emotionally­charged situations.

__4__ These individuals will often walk away from such situations to avoid having to deal with the emotional fallout.Hiding their true emotions from others is also very common.

•__5__

Low EQ individuals often struggle to understand and control their emotions.They might have unexpected emotional outbursts that seem overblown and uncontrollable.

•Lack of empathy (同感)．

Because people with low EQ do not understand the emotions of others, they experience little empathy for other people.They do not get what others are feeling, so it is impossible for them to place themselves in another person’s shoes.

A．Sudden emotional outbursts.

B．Be able to control their emotions.

C．Low EQ individuals refused to listen to other points of view.

D．For example, they might make a joke right after a tragic event.

E．Strong emotions are difficult to comprehend for those with low EQ.

F．Low EQ individuals have little insight into how their own emotions might lead to problems.

G．Friends, family and even random strangers find themselves involved in disputes with these argumentative individuals.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。低情商的一些典型特征是什么？请看本文介绍。

1．选G　G项中的“involved in disputes with these argumentative individuals”与小标题“Getting into lots of arguments.”相呼应。

2．选D　D项承接前一句，具体举例说明低情商的人会开一些不合时宜的玩笑。

3．选F　根据小标题可知，低情商的人常常把错误归咎于他人，F项说明低情商的人不知道自己的情感如何导致错误的发生，与小标题相呼应。

4．选E　E项说明低情商的人很难理解强烈的情感，与小标题“An inability to cope with emotionally­charged situations.”相呼应。

5．选A　根据设空后的“struggle to understand and control their emotions”以及“unexpected emotional outbursts”可知，A作小标题最佳。