高级英语2

Figures of Speech

1.Personification

1) A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.

2) It seized a 600,000 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away.

3）America is the gigantic daughter of the West.

4）The young moon seemed to be shy, being afraid of coming out of the clouds.

2. Metaphor

1)We can batten down and ride it out. (P. 4)

2)Wind and rain now whipped the house. (P. 7)

3)Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi,…(P.32)

4)……logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.

5)Camille had raked its way northward across Mississippi.

6）You can really find the roses in her cheeks.

7）If you were out of the picture, the field would be open.

8）He looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window.

3. Simile

1)The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (P.11)

2)The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (P.13)

3)…and blowndown power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the road. (P.28)

4)Petey lay snoring in his bed, the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet.

5) Blown down power lines coiled like black apaghetti over the roads.

4. metonymy

1)“You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.”

2)I was not the one who let heart rule my head.

3）Learn these phrases by heart, I think they will be useful later.

5. antithesis

1) And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your county.

2)Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.

3)United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.

4)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.

6. repetition

1)… and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.

2) Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change

(parallelism and repetition)

3)..to assist free men and free government…

7. understatement

1)The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.

2)This loomed as a project no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey .

3）No one was more willing to do a favor for a friend than he.

8. transferred epithet

1) Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.

2）It was the end of my exhausting day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant.

3) I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.

9.hyperbole

1) Please, my darling, say that you will go steady with me, for if you will not, life will be meaningless. I will languish. I will refuse my meals. I will wonder the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.

2) It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.

3）I asked him tons of times, but he gave no answer.

10. synecdoche

1) There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.

2）Two coffees, please.

3）Children like the freezing season.

4）I prefer cotton to nylon.

5）China beat Korea in the finals.

6）It is hard to earn a dollar these days.

11. alliteration

1)friend and foe

2)Pay any price, bear any burden..

3)Survival and success of liberty.

4）The fair breeze blew, and the white foam flew.

12. irony

One thing I will say for this girl: you would go far to find another so agreeable.

补充：

allusion

Allusion, 作为一种常用修辞格, 指人们在口头或书面表达时引用出自神话、童话、传说、寓言、民俗、宗教、文学名著的带典故性的词语，并使之与叙述或论说融为一体。适当运用Allusion可做到事出有典，言之有据，使表达简洁、凝练、精辟、生动，从而、增强说服力。

四大类:

1. 出自神话、童话、传说、寓言

例如：But these marks of wild country called to my father like the lengendary siren song .(出自希腊神话)

2. 出自民俗、宗教.

例如: Their new constitution was a fig leaf to conceal their betrayal of the masses.

他们的新宪法是一块遮羞布,用以掩盖他们对人民群众的背叛。

(出自《圣经. 创世纪》: 亚当与夏娃偷食禁果后心明眼亮, 发觉自己赤身裸体, 便以无花果树叶遮羞。)

3. 出自小说、戏剧等文学作品

“You want your pound of flesh ，don't you？”----选自 In Puursuit of the English by Doris lessing

“你要逼债，是吗？”

（典出莎士比亚剧作《威尼斯商人》，高利贷者Shylock 逼人还债，还不出就要依据契约从借债人身上割下一镑肉。）

I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein. ( Lesson 5)

4. 出自历史事件或历史人物

The candidates met his Waterloo in the national election.(《综合英语成语词典》)

该候选人在全国大选中遭到失败。

（Waterloo是比利时的一个城镇名。1815年拿破仑率军在此与英国将军惠灵顿（Wellington）的军队交战，遭到惨败。）