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第十五章 词汇

词汇的意义是由一个词汇所处的特定的上下文所决定的。

高考重点要求：

1、 熟记《高考英语词汇手册》中列出的单词短语和习惯用法。

2、 掌握相当数量的内涵不易搞清或者容易混淆的词汇。

3、 注意从逻辑角度辨析词义，注意一词多义掌握常见构词法。

第一节 知识点概述

词汇辨析题可以分为几类：

一、近义词和同义词

英语中有大量的近义词和同义词，但它们与其他词的搭配关系不完全一致，有时甚至是大相径庭。在某种场合下它们有时可以换用，但在另外一些场合下它们又不能互换。掌握大量的此类近义词同义词是考试制胜的关键之一。

二、形似词和音似词

英语中有许多词汇外形相似、发音相近或相同，但意义不同，我们应该注意观察，仔细辨清其不同的拼法、读音及含义。

三、短语动词

短语动词是英语中一种使用广泛的重要语言现象，它是由动词和介词或副词连用、表示特定语意的固定结构。正确使用这类短语动词是英语学习的一大难点。

四、具有特定搭配关系的词汇

英语词语的特定搭配是英语学习中的一个重要项目，也是词汇测试的一个重点。为克服受母语影响而产生的错误，我们必须重视学习符合英美人习惯的词语搭配。

五、习语、成语及固定词组

英语中有大量约定俗成的习语、成语及固定词组，它们中有相当一部分往往从字面上猜不出其正确含义。要掌握它们，广泛运用以及记忆背诵是必不可少的。

六、固定结构中的词汇

英语中有些词汇仅用于一些固定结构中，而其他一些同义或近义的词汇则不能替换。学生应熟悉这些固定结构，以提高应试能力。

七、涉及语法现象的词汇

有许多词汇辨析题并不局限于纯粹的词汇意义及搭配的区分，而往往与英语语法有一定的联系。掌握基本的英语语法对正确解答词汇辨析题也起到了至关重要的作用。

第二节 实战演练

一、复习时需注意的要点

1、 要注意近义动词在词义上的区别，例如：borrow与lend，send、bring、carry与fetch等。

2、 有些近义动词虽然在汉语意思上看不出区别，但要注意它们在含义和使用场合的区别，例如：start与begin，try与manage等。

在记忆词汇时我们不应该孤立地去背单词的中文意思，而要花气力记住单词在句子中的用法，即要记住“be+动词的过去分词+不同介词”的用法

3、 平时学习中要多读文章，提高在语境中领悟词语的能力。

二、历届高考试题分析

例1、There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we ____ gave up.

A. eventually B. unfortunately C. generously D. purposefully

答案为A.

【解析】 eventually 最终；unfortunately不幸地；generously慷慨地；purposefully故意地。

例2、The company is starting a new advertising campaign to ____ new customers to its stores.

A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer

答案为B。

【解析】 attract sb. to…把某人吸引到………地方来。

例3、What he has done is far from ________.

A. satisfying B. satisfied C. satisfaction D. satisfy

答案为C。

【解析】句中from是介词，后接名词。译文：他所做的事离满意还差得远。satisfactory是形容词，意思是“令人满意的”；satisfied是过去分词，可作为形容词使用，意思是“感到满意的”；satisfy是动词，意思是“使……满意”。

例4、As we joined the big crowd I got_________ from my friends.

A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

答案为A。

【解析】get separated from sb.“与某人分开”；get lost“迷路”；get spared和get missed搭配不合理。译文：由于拥入了一大堆人群中，我和我的朋友被分开了。

例5、We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it_________ very well.

A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on

答案为A。

【解析】先排除B和D，因为try out(实验)，carry on(实行)与exhibition之间是被动关系；而go on虽有“进行，进展”之意，但这里强调的是计划和结果的关系，work out=turn out"(最后)显得"。译文：我们没有那样计划我们的艺术展览，但结果却很好。此题应为一表结果的短语。

例6、—Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?

—Yes. They have better players, so I ________them to win.

A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want

答案为C。

【解析】expect“期望”，此处意思是“我希望他们赢”。hope虽然有“希望”的意思，但后面不接动词不定式作宾补。want的意思是“想”，表示个人的欲望；prefer的意思是“宁愿；更喜欢”，常构成prefer to do sth.; prefer doing sth. to doing sth.; prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.等短语。I prefer them to win.的意思是“我宁愿他们赢。”

例7、Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ________ his boss.

A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports

答案为B。

【解析】satisfy sb.的意思是“使某人满意”。根据句意可知，Nick所做的一切都不能使他的老板满意。

例8、—When shall we start?

—Let's ________ it at 8∶30.Is that all right?

A. set B. meet C. make D. take

答案为C。

【解析】 “make it+时间”的意思是“就定为什么时间吧”。此题译为“把出发的时间定在八点半。set意为“对时间，调时间”。

例9、His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ________ from home and earn some money on his own.

A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away

答案为D。

【解析】on one's own“独立地”；run away from“逃跑”；take way“拿走”。get away from home的意思是“离开家”。译文：他母亲原本认为他离开家自己赚钱对锻炼他的性格有好处。

例10、—Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?

—No,dear. They don't ________ well. Put them in the fridge instead.

A. keep B. fit C. get D. last

答案为A。

【解析】根据句子中两个表示地点的名词cupboard 和fridge 可以看出，是要把peaches保存好，所以要选keep“保存”。fit的意思是“安装”；get的意思是“得到；获得”；last的意思是“持续”，后常接表示时间的词，如：last two hours持续了两小时等。

第三节 巩固练习

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. I work in a business _____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

2. _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.

A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless

3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree.

A. why B. where C. what D. how

4. Everyone was on time for the meeting _____ Chris, who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.

A. but B. only C. even D. yet

5. They’ve _____ us 150,000 dollars for the house. Shall we take it?

A. provided B. Supplied C. shown D. offered

6. To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _____ travel by air.

A. as B. to C. than D. while

7. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions.

A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable

8. I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.

A. since B. while C. when D. as

9. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have _____ twenty-one already!

A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed

10. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s _____.

A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place

11. —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?

—That _____ me fine.

A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits

12. I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. _____. the walk will do me good.

A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides

13. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _____.

A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else

14. A man is being questioned in relation to the _____ murder last night.

A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted

15. —How long are you staying?

—I don’t know. _____.

A. That’s OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesn’t matter

16. It is _____ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.

A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly

17. We were told that we should follow the main road _____ we reached the central railway station .

A．whenever B．until C．while D．wherever

18. John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been _______by a heavy storm .

A．kept B．stopped C．slowed D．delayed

19. —Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?

—_____ way as you please.

A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either

20. —How do you ______we go to Beijing for our holidays?

—I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.

A．insist B．want C．suppose D．suggest

21. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _____.

A. act B. help C. serve D. last

22. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.

A. While B. Since C. As D. If

23. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _____.

A. none B. either C. any D. each

24. All the employees except the manager _____ to work online at home.

A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged

25. I feel that one of my main duties _____ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.

A. for B. by C. as D. with

26. Mr. Smith used to smoke _____ but he has given it up.

A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly

27. It was evening_____ we reached the little town of Winchester.

A. that B. until C. since D. before

28. You can eat food free in my restaurant _____ you like.

A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however

29. They see you as something of a worrier, _____ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them.

A. settling B. discovering C. considering D. designing

30. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university degree.

A. opportunities B. possibilities C. probabilities D. realities

31. The evening news comes on at Seven o' clock and _____ only thirty minutes.

A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts

32. —Do you like _____ here?

—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.

A. this B. these C. that D. it

33. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _____ of them came.

A. neither B. either C. none D. both

34. In the _____ of the program being a failure, the producer stands to lose up to one million dollars.

A. face B. course C. time D. event

35. My advisor encouraged _____ a summer course to improve my writing skills.

A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take

36. The famous university is situated on the east ____ of USA.

A. seaside B. shore C. coast D. beach

37. _____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of

38. _____ is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

39. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.

A. when B. while C. since D. once

40. The environmentalists and wild goats’ _____ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.

A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance

41. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _______ one-year-old twins at the head.

A. isolated B. separated C. divided D. removed

42. After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself, he ______it into the sea.

A. transported B. unloaded C. released D. handled

43. In _____ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.

A. traditional B. historic C. remote D. initial

44. Some people like dirking coffee, for it has _____ effects.

A. promoting B. stimulating C. enhancing D. encouraging

45. The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to _____ the point.

A. illustrate B. suggest C. express D. recognize

46. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _____, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.

A. accidentally B. purposefully C. obviously D. formally

47. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality.

A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict

48. Chinese arts have won the _____ of a lot of people outside China.

A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation

49 Although I can walk about, there is still a _____ pain in my leg.

   A. weak    B. slight   C. tender    D. soft

50. —How about eight o'clock outside the cinema?
—That _______ me fine.

A. fits B. meets C. satisfies  D. suits

第十五章 词汇

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. A

11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. D

21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A

31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. A 39. A 40. D

41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. D