Unit21 Human Biology-词汇篇1

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

1、掌握本单元warm-up及Lesson 1中的重点单词，短语及句型。

2、灵活运用本单元warm-up及Lesson 1中的重点单词，短语及句型。

一． 重点单词与短语

1. slow down减速，放慢速度

You must slow down your car. 你必须把车子开慢。

Can we slow down and walk for a bit? 咱们放慢速度步行一会儿好吗?

2.with prep.带有，携带

1) 带有，携带

The writer arrived with a cup of coffee.服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。

2)和……在一起，和，同

Would you like to go to the theatre with us?你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？

3)指原因或理由

His face was red with anger.他的脸气的通红。

3.come across 偶遇

I came across an old school friend in Osford Street this moring.今天早上我在牛津街碰见了一位老校友。

短语拓展：

come along跟随

come off 举行，发生

come through (重病后)康复

4.tolerate vt.容忍; 忍受; 容许; 默许

I can’t tolerate his bad manners any longer. 我再也不能容忍他无礼的行为。

She’s not a woman to tolerate being played with 她不是一个能容忍别人玩弄的女子

辨析 tolerate/stand/ bear

I won’t tolerate your behaving in this way.我不能容忍你这样做。

I can’t you stand any more.我再也受不了你了。

The pain was almost more than he could bear.这种痛苦几乎使他受不了。

5. seek vt. (sought, sought )找寻, 寻求; 征求, 请求

seek to do sth.设法/试图做某事

I will seek my doctor’s advice. 我将征求医生的意见。

Older people may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children. 老年人可以找自己的朋友而不会在情感上太依赖他们的子女。

6. annual adj. 每的， 一年一次的, 年度的

经典例句 The old couple's annual outgoing is to go to the seaside.

这对老妇每一次的旅游是到海边去。

The annual rings of the trees can tell us how old the tree is.

轮能够告诉我们这棵树长了多少了。

考点聚焦

1) annual adj. 每的， 一年一次的, 年度的。如：

Their annual happy day is their wedding anniversary.

他们每中最幸福的日子是结婚纪念日。

2)annually adv. 一一次, 每，作频率状语。如：

--How soon do you go to see your son?

--Annually.

--你们多长时间去看一次儿子？

--一年一次。

7.in vain徒然，白费，无效

We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。

Day after day she waited in vain for him to telephone her. 日复一日，她徒劳地等待他的电话。

短语拓展：

in time 及时

in trouble处于困境

in peace和平地

in surprise惊讶地

in place在合适的位置，准备就绪

8.blame v.把……归咎于

短语拓展：

blame sb. for把……归咎于某人；因……指责某人

blame …on sb.把……归咎于某人

be to blame (for sth.)(对坏事)负有责任

辨析blame/charge/ accuse

She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。

She charge me with neglecting my duty.她指控我玩忽职守。

The surgeon was accused of negligence.这个外科医生被指责失职。

9.at random随便地，任意地，胡乱地

Choose a card at random from the deck. 从一副牌中任意选出一张

The librarian took a book at random from the shelf. 图书管理员从书架上随便拿了一本书。

短语拓展：

at ease 无拘无束

at peace处于和睦状态

at risk处于险境

10.by prep.凭借

1)(表示)凭借

The house is heateh by gas.这房子是煤气供暖的。

2)由于

He succeeded by hard work.他由于努力工作而成功了。

3)按照，根据

By my watch it is half past eleven.我的表是11:30。

4)不迟于(某时间)

We have to be home by ten o’clock.我们10点钟之前必修到家。

5)表示程度，数量

This one is shorter than the other by three inches.

11.oppose v.反对

辨析：oppose，object和resist

oppose，object和 resist三者都含"反对"的意思。

oppose为常用词, 指"对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对", 着重指动作, 尤指"反对一种观念、思想、计划等"。如:

The father opposed to his son's marriage.

父亲反对儿子的婚事。

object常指"用言论或论据等表示反对", 着重指"个人嫌厌"和"提出反对意见"。如:

I objected to his plan.

我反对他的计划。

resist指"积极地反抗、对抗""用武力阻止......的前进"，如:

The villagers were resisting the enemy.

村民们正在抵抗敌人。He oppose the proposal to build a new hall.他反对修建新礼堂的建议。

He objects to the label “magician”which he is often given.还有两句其他侯选人和他较量。

常见短语：

oppose A against /to B 把A与B相对照或相比

oppose oneself to 反对

as opposed to 与......相对；与......成对比

二．重点句子

1.Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance,they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.

众所周知,服用这些药就是服用“兴奋剂”。尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩,但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员在日后的生活中带来严重的健康问题。

剖析本句是and连接的并列复合句。taking these drugs是动词-ing短语,作第一个分句的主语;第二个分句中的although引导让步状语从句,who引导定语从句,修饰those。

考点abuse vt. 滥用

They were accused of abusing their power to keep prices high. 他们被指控滥用职权,抬高价格。

2.The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.

由于它是一种根本的欺骗形式,体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。

剖析本句是一个复合句。as在句中引导原因状语从句。

考点tolerate vt. 容忍

There is a limit to what one person can tolerate.一个人的忍耐是有限度的。

3.Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.

服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中的问题,每个运动项目中都存在这个问题,运动员为寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备作弊。

剖析 本句含有并列复合句。where在句中引导定语从句,修饰every sport。

关系副词where 引导定语从句除了修饰具体的地点名词place, village, town等之外,还可以修饰case, spot, point, situation等表示抽象地点的名词。

You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.

你可能遇到某种情况,使你不得不立刻作出决定。

4.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.

获胜者要强制性地进行检查,而其他参与者只是随意地检查。

剖析it 作形式主语,真正的主语是to be tested。

it 作形式主语,常用于下列句型:

It is compulsory for sb.to do ...某人做……是强制性的。

It is necessary for sb.to do ...某人做……是有必要的。

It is important for sb.to do ...某人做……是重要的。

It is right for sb.to do ...某人做……是正确的。

5. In the future,athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.

将来,改变了基因的运动员有可能8秒跑完百米或不到2小时完成马拉松。

剖析 本句是一个复合句。who引导定语从句,修饰athletes。

考点have sth.done 使某物被……

I’ll have my computer fixed next Sunday.下星期天我要请人修电脑。

“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构:

1)have sb./sth.do sth. 使某人/某物做某事;sb./sth.与do之间是主谓关系。

You can have your sister go shopping with you.你可以让你姐姐和你一起去购物。

例1. (2019北京海淀二模) During the final match, all the audience should _________excitement.

A. at B. for C. by D. with

解析 ：句意：在总决赛中，所有观众都激动地叫喊着。本题考查介词。with带着(某种情绪)由句意可知本题答案。

答案：D

例2. (2019课标全国) Would you like to ________with us to the film tonight?

A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through

解析：本题考查动词短语。今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？本题考查动词词组辨析。come along with 与……一道。由语意可知本题答案。

答案为A

例3. (2019河北衡水中学月考) At that time, local school ________(seek) to reduce the dropout rate.

解析：句意：那时，当地的学校都在试图降低退学率。seek to do sth.设法/试图做某事，seek的过去式为sought由此可知本题答案.

答案：sought

例4. (2019福建联考)Nowadays, instead of going out to contact other people__________, more and more people tend to communicate with others via electronic devices.

A. in vain B. in person C. in charge D. in place

解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。由语境可知本句所表达的句意：如今，越来越多的人倾向于通过电子设备与别人交流，而不是出去亲自与别人联系。in vain徒劳；in person亲自；in charge负责；in place在正确位置。根据句意可知本题答案。

答案：B

例5. (2019北京西城期末)We can also visit the Palace Center at weekends, but it will mean increasing the entrance fee __________  $5,from $10to$15.

A. for B. by C. at D. of

解析：句意：我们也可以周末去参观Palace Center，只是这意味着门票上涨5美元，从10美元到15美元。此处by指程度由此可知本题答案。

答案：B

基础演练

一．单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)

1. She found it difficult to establish a new _________________(常规,秩序) after retirement.

2. Those who can _________________ (预见) difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear.

3. He suggested _________________ (推迟) the match to the following Saturday because of bad weather.

4. Now we have _________________ (足够的) time to release ourselves with two days for break.

5. It is _________________ (荒谬的) to believe that the number 13 brings bad luck.

6. Your food will _________________ (消化) more quickly if you chew it well.

7. There is a sharp _________________ (下降) in interest in sports in our town.

8. Our teacher has advanced the _________________ (最终期限) for handing in homework by one week.

9. Let the water _________________ (流通), or it will go bad.

10. We must prevent the _________________ (滥用) of privilege.

Keys: 1. routine 2. foresee 3. postponing

4. ample 5. absurd 6. digest

7. decline 8. deadline 9. circulate 10. abuse

巩固提高

二．单词拼写(单句首字母填空)

1. You can find out many advantages in u ____________life than in countryside life.

2. As a young energetic man, he would rather seek his f ____________in big cities than spend his life in the village.

3. There has been a gradual d ____________in the population of this big city.

4. Though he o____________ my opinion, he didn't come up with his own one.

5. The key to a good interview is t ____________preparation.

Keys:1. urban 2. fortune 3. decline 4. opposed 5. thorough

一．单词拼写(单句首字母填空)

1. Each classroom in our school is e ____________with a computer, which is helpful to our study.

2. I don’t think anybody m ____________to her apart from herself.

3. He went on working, occasionally w ____________off the sweat on his face with a towel.

4. D ____________is a date or time by which you have to do or complete something.

5. He p____________ for a moment and then began to speak again.

Keys:1. equipped 2. matters 3. wiping 4. Deadline 5. paused

二．单项选择

( )1. The thief tried every means to break away from the police but ______________ .

A. in vain B. in advance C. in danger D. in turn

( )2. I ______________myself more—it was a perfect day.

A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed

C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed

( )3. Does the common man ______________the ideas of political union between European countries?

A. object B. oppose C. be for D. be against

( )4. --- Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.

--- Ah, good morning. You ______________ be Mrs. Peters.

A. might B. must C. would D. can

( )5. We had to ______________our visit to the pyramids because of the bad weather.

A. prohibit B. postpone C. foresee D. preserve

( )6. The traffic is heavy this day, I ______________arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?

A. can B. must C. need D. might

( )7. At work, I became mad when my company ______________us from using the phone.

A. save B. reduce C. protect D. prohibit

( )8. Americans often say that there are two things a person ______________ be sure of in life: death and tax.

A. can B. should C. must D. will

( )9. Anything that Mr. Green interests me.

A. concerns B. matter C. importance D. subjects

( )10. No one can ______________ what will happen in the future.

A. diagnose B. rebuild C. tolerate D. foresee

Keys: 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. B

31. D 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. D

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

一．单项选择

( )1. “You ____________smoke in the bedroom,”Mrs. Black said to her husband and pushed him out of the room.

A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. dare not D. may not

( )2. You ____________buy a gift, but you can if you want to.

A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don't have to

( )3. The old lady ____________smilingly to be helped up the stairs.

A. rejected B. declined C. refused D. denied

( )4. You ____________take heavy clothes when you go to Bangkok where temperatures are fairly hot year-round.

A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t

( )5. --- Why do some people ____________drugs?

--- As far as I know, they want to change the way they feel.

A. plot B. violate C. abuse D. resist

( )6. We walked a couple of blocks, looking____________ for a taxi, and had to walk to the railway station.

A. in store B. in vain C. in turn D. in return

( )7. --- I have looked for my keys everywhere, but I can't find them.

--- Sorry to hear that. You ____________them somewhere.

A. ought to lose B. should have lost

C. need have lost D. must have lost

( )8. --- Is there anyone who____________ the plans put forward by the committee?

--- No one. We are all for it.

A. differs B. opposes C. disagrees D. refuses

( )9. --- Who’s that across the street? It looks like Alex.

--- It___________ be Alex. He's away on business in Italy.

A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. can’t

( )10. --- Because of the rain, we’ll have to ____________the football match.

--- I'm free next Sunday if you would like to play then.

A. abandon B. ignore C. postpone D. recover

Keys:1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C

二.完形填空

If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. Most of our 1 are not getting enough exercise, 2 , we are aging unnecessarily soon.

Professor Matsuzawa, a Japanese scientist with his team, wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be 3 their ability to think and reason at a rather early 49 , and how the process of aging could be slowed down. He set about 4 brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages. The 5 received exact measurements of the front 6 side parts of the brain 7 to intellect and emotion. The hind part of the brain, 8 controls functions(功能) like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living 9 intellectual or emotional abilities. Contraction(萎缩) of front and side parts—as cells 10 off—was observed in some 11 in their thirties, but it was still not clear in some sixty and seventy-year-old. Matsuzawa concluded that there is a simple way to 12 the contraction-using the head.

The findings show generally that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. “Those who 13 suffer from brain contraction,” says Matsuzawa, “are lawyers, 14 by university professors and doctors.” Hard-working people live longer than 15 men and women. Professional women are 16 than housewives. The loss of thinking 17 the loss of everything. Matsuzawa's findings prove that 18 can prevent the brain from contracting. Blood can 19 your brain with enough oxygen while you are thinking.

1. A. hands B. bodies C. brains D. sights

2. A. as a result B. in fact C. In a word D. or else

3. A. making B. losing C. giving D. taking

4. A. part B. state C. start D. age

5. A. watching B. measuring C. weighing D. receiving

6. A. researchers B. teachers C. doctors D. artists

7. A. or B. from C. except D. and

8. A. turned B. related C. referred D. belonged

9. A. that B. what C. who D. which

10. A. without B. for C. on D. with

11. A. grow B. die C. leave D. fall

12. A. times B. subjects C. places D. bodies

13. A. change B. move C. slow D. add

14. A. most B. best C. worst D. least

15. A. followed B. kept C. compared D. gone

16. A. important B. average C. necessary D. unusual

17. A. weaker B. stronger C. healthier D. longer

18. A. means B. shows C. stands D. believes

19. A. thinking B. exercising C. speaking D. resting

20. A. offer B. affect C. supply D. divide

Keys:

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B

6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A

11. B 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A

16. B 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. C