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MPLS VPN 的基本配置(图解)

时间:2012-10-09 16:38:05    下载该word文档

MPLS VPN 的基本配置(图解)

作者:雪山飞鹄

责任编辑:lujiezhen

  介绍

  MPLS 准许多个Site 通过Service Provider 的网络透明互联。一个ISP 的网络可以支持多个不同的IP VPN,每个VPN对客户来说,是个单独的私有网络,和其它的客户都是独立的。在一个VPN里面,每个site 可以发送IP 包给同一个VPN 里的其它Site。换句话来说,MPLS/VPN对于客户来说,相当于一个透明的三层传输网络,以前可以通过租用Leased Line 互联,现在可以租用MPLS/VPN 链路互联。



  每个VPN和一个或多个VRF(VPN Routing or forwarding instance)关联。一个VRF 包括一个路由表、一个CEF 表和一组使用这个转发表的接口。



  路由器为每个VRF维护着独立的路由表和CEF 表。这可以防止信息被发送到VPN 之外,并且每个VPN 可以使用重叠的IP 地址。



  路由器通过MP-BGP的扩展community 标签来分发VPN 路由信息





  实验环境



  本例在下面的软件和硬件环境下实现:



  P 和PE路由器

  · Cisco IOS. Release 12.2(6h),支持MPLS VPN feature.

  · P 路由器:Cisco 7200 系列路由器.

  · PE 路由器:Cisco 2691, 或者3640 系列路由器.



  C 和CE 路由器

  · 任何可以和PE 交换路由信息的路由器都可以作为C 和CE 路由器.

  缩写约定

  · P - Provider's core router.

  · PE - Provider's edge router.

  · CE - Customer's edge router.

  · C - Customer's router.

  我们将用下面的拓扑图进行举例说明:

(点击图片可以放大)



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p

< class=' _2'>

 配置

  网络拓扑图

  本文档使用下面的拓扑图,网络中有3 台P 路由器、2 台PE 路由器(Pescara 和Pesaro),2 个VPN 客户分别是Customer_A 和Customer_B:

(点击图片可以放大)

  配置过程

  启用ip cef

  使用下面的过程启用ip cef.,为了提高性能,可以在支持的路由器上使用ip cef distributed命令。

  当在接口上配置了MPLS 后(在接口上配置 tag-switching ip).,还要在PE 上完成下面的步骤:



  1. 在路由器上为每个相连的VPN创建一个VRF,使用命令 ip vrf

  配置ip vrf 的时候:

  o 为每个VPN指定正确的RD.这是为了扩展IP 地址之用,以便你可以识别IP 地址属于哪个VPN.

  rd



  o 配置MP-BGP的扩展communities 的import 和export 值. 这是用于过滤import 和export 过程的.

  route-target [export|import|both]



  2. 在VPN 各自的接口下使用ip vrf forwarding 命令,别忘了还需要配置IP 地址





  3. 配置PE-CE 间使用的路由协议,可是使用静态路由或者动态路由(RIP、OSPF、BGP).



  配置MP-BGP



  在PE 路由器之间配置MP-BGP.有几种办法来配置BGP,例如路由反射器或者联盟.我们这儿使用直连的邻居进行举例.



  1. 声明彼此的邻居



  2. 为这台PE 上的每个VPN配置address-family ipv4 vrf

  如果需要的话,完成下面的步骤

  o 重分布静态、RIP、或者OSPF 路由

  o 重分布直连的路由

  o Activate 和CE 路由器间的BGP 邻居



  3. 进入address-family vpnv4 模式,完成下面的配置:

  o Activate the neighbors. Activate 邻居

  o 指定必须使用扩展community,这是必须的。



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p

< class=' _3'>

配置

  本例中的5 台路由器配置如下:

Pescara

  Current configuration:

  !

  version 12.2

  !

  hostname Pescara

  !

  ip cef

  !

  !--- Customer_A 的配置.

  ip vrf Customer_A

  !---启用Customer_A 的VPN 路由和转发表 (VRF).

  rd 100:110



  !--- Route distinguisher creates routing and forwarding

  !--- tables for a VRF.

  route-target export 100:1000

  !--- Creates lists of import and export route-target extended

  !--- communities for the specified VRF.

  route-target import 100:1000

  !

  !--- Customer_B 配置.

  ip vrf Customer_B

  rd 100:120

  route-target export 100:2000

  route-target import 100:2000

  !

  interface Loopback0

  ip address 10.10.10.4 255.255.255.255

  ip router isis

  !--- Customer_A 的配置.

  interface Loopback101

  ip vrf forwarding Customer_A

  !---将一个接口或者自接口和一个VRF 实例关联起来.

  ip address 200.0.4.1 255.255.255.0

  !--- Loopback101 和 102 使用相同的IP 地址 200.0.4.1.这是准许的,因为它们属于2 个不用

  客户的VRF

  no ip directed-broadcast

  !

  !--- Customer_B 的配置.

  interface Loopback102

  ip vrf forwarding Customer_B

  ip address 200.0.4.1 255.255.255.0

  !--- Loopback101 和 102 使用相同的IP 地址 200.0.4.1.这是准许的,因为它们属于2 个不用

  客户的VRF

  no ip directed-broadcast

  !

  interface Serial2/0

  no ip address

  no ip directed-broadcast



  encapsulation frame-relay

  no fair-queue

  !

  interface Serial2/0.1 point-to-point

  description link to Pauillac

  bandwidth 512

  ip address 10.1.1.14 255.255.255.252

  no ip directed-broadcast

  ip router isis

  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 401

  !

  router isis

  net 49.0001.0000.0000.0004.00

  is-type level-1

  !

  router bgp 100

  bgp log-neighbor-changes

  !--- 启用BGP 邻居关系中断的记录.

  neighbor 10.10.10.6 remote-as 100

  neighbor 10.10.10.6 update-source Loopback0

  !--- 配置BGP 邻居.

  !

  !--- Customer A and B commands.

  address-family vpnv4

  !--- 进入address-family vpnv4 配置模式,配置和PE/P 路由器间的MP-BGP 路由会话。

  neighbor 10.10.10.6 activate

  neighbor 10.10.10.6 send-community both

  !--- Sends the community attribute to a BGP neighbor.

  exit-address-family

  !

  !--- Customer B commands.

  address-family ipv4 vrf Customer_B

  !--- 进入address-family ipv4 的配置模式下,配置和CE 间的路由会话,

  redistribute connected

  no auto-summary

  no synchronization

  exit-address-family

  !



  !--- Customer A commands.

  address-family ipv4 vrf Customer_A

  redistribute connected

  no auto-summary

  no synchronization

  exit-address-family

  !

  ip classless

  !

  end



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p

< class=' _4'>

Pesaro



  Current configuration:

  !

  version 12.1

  !

  hostname Pesaro

  !

  !--- Customer A commands.

  ip vrf Customer_A

  rd 100:110

  route-target export 100:1000

  route-target import 100:1000

  !

  !--- Customer B commands.

  ip vrf Customer_B

  rd 100:120

  route-target export 100:2000

  route-target import 100:2000

  !

  ip cef

  !

  interface Loopback0

  ip address 10.10.10.6 255.255.255.255

  ip router isis

  !--- Customer A commands.

  interface Loopback101

  ip vrf forwarding Customer_A

  ip address 200.0.6.1 255.255.255.0

  !



  !--- Customer B commands.

  interface Loopback102

  ip vrf forwarding Customer_B

  ip address 200.0.6.1 255.255.255.0

  !

  !--- Customer A commands.

  interface Loopback111

  ip vrf forwarding Customer_A

  ip address 200.1.6.1 255.255.255.0

  !

  interface Serial0/0

  no ip address

  encapsulation frame-relay

  no ip mroute-cache

  random-detect

  !

  interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point

  description link to Pomerol

  bandwidth 512

  ip address 10.1.1.22 255.255.255.252

  ip router isis

  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 603

  !

  router isis

  net 49.0001.0000.0000.0006.00

  is-type level-1

  !

  router bgp 100

  neighbor 10.10.10.4 remote-as 100

  neighbor 10.10.10.4 update-source Loopback0

  !

  !--- Customer B commands.

  address-family ipv4 vrf Customer_B

  redistribute connected

  no auto-summary

  no synchronization

  exit-address-family

  !

  !--- Customer A commands.



  address-family ipv4 vrf Customer_A

  redistribute connected

  no auto-summary

  no synchronization

  exit-address-family

  !

  !--- Customer A and B commands.

  address-family vpnv4

  neighbor 10.10.10.4 activate

  neighbor 10.10.10.4 send-community both

  exit-address-family

  !

  ip classless

  !

  end





  Pomerol





  Current configuration:

  !

  version 12.0

  !

  hostname Pomerol

  !

  ip cef

  !

  interface Loopback0

  ip address 10.10.10.3 255.255.255.255

  ip router isis

  !

  interface Serial0/1

  no ip address

  no ip directed-broadcast

  encapsulation frame-relay

  random-detect

  !

  interface Serial0/1.1 point-to-point

  description link to Pauillac

  ip address 10.1.1.6 255.255.255.252

  no ip directed-broadcast

  ip router isis

  tag-switching mtu 1520



  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 301

  !

  interface Serial0/1.2 point-to-point

  description link to Pulligny

  ip address 10.1.1.9 255.255.255.252

  no ip directed-broadcast

  ip router isis

  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 303

  !

  interface Serial0/1.3 point-to-point

  description link to Pesaro

  ip address 10.1.1.21 255.255.255.252

  no ip directed-broadcast

  ip router isis

  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 306

  !

  router isis

  net 49.0001.0000.0000.0003.00

  is-type level-1

  !

  ip classless

  !

  end



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 Pulligny





  Current configuration:

  !

  version 12.1

  !

  hostname Pulligny

  !

  !

  ip cef

  !

  !

  interface Loopback0

  ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.255

  !

  interface Serial0/1



  no ip address

  encapsulation frame-relay

  random-detect

  !

  interface Serial0/1.1 point-to-point

  description link to Pauillac

  ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252

  ip router isis

  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 201

  !

  interface Serial0/1.2 point-to-point

  description link to Pomerol

  ip address 10.1.1.10 255.255.255.252

  ip router isis

  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 203

  !

  router isis

  passive-interface Loopback0

  net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00

  is-type level-1

  !

  ip classless

  !

  end





  Pauillac





  version 12.1

  !

  hostname pauillac

  !

  ip cef

  !

  interface Loopback0

  ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.255

  ip router isis

  !

  interface Serial0/0

  no ip address

  encapsulation frame-relay

  no ip mroute-cache



  tag-switching ip

  no fair-queue

  !

  interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point

  description link to Pomerol

  bandwith 512

  ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252

  ip router isis

  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 102

  !

  interface Serial0/0.2 point-to-point

  description link to Pulligny ip address 10.1.1.5 255.255.255.252

  ip router isis

  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 103

  !

  interface Serial0/0.3 point-to-point

  description link to Pescara

  bandwidth 512

  ip address 10.1.1.13 255.255.255.252

  ip router isis

  tag-switching ip

  frame-relay interface-dlci 104

  !

  router isis

  net 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00

  is-type level-1

  !

  ip classless

  !

  end



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检验

  本节讲述了如何检查你的配置是否工作正常.

  · show ip vrf - Verifies that the correct VRF exists.

  · show ip vrf interfaces - Verifies the activated interfaces.

  · show ip route vrf Customer_A - Verifies the routing information on the PE routers.

  · traceroute vrf Customer_A 200.0.6.1 - Verifies the routing information on the PE routers.

  · show ip bgp vpnv4 tag - Verifies the BGP.

  · show ip cef vrf Customer_A 200.0.6.1 detail - Verifies the routing information on the PE routers.



  更多的排错命令详见: MPLS VPN Solution Troubleshooting Guide.

  下面的输出是命令 show ip vrf 的结果

Pescara#show ip vrf

Name Default RD Interfaces

Customer_A 100:110 Loopback101

Customer_B 100:120 Loopback102



  下面的输出是命令show ip vrf interfaces 的结果.

  Pesaro#show ip vrf interfaces

Interface IP-Address VRF Protocol

Loopback101 200.0.6.1 Customer_A up

Loopback111 200.1.6.1 Customer_A up

Loopback102 200.0.6.1 Customer_B up





  下面的 show ip route vrf 命令的结果显示在2 个VPNl 里面都有相同的网段 200.0.6.0/24. 这是因为两个VPN客户 Customer_A 和Customer_B 使用了重叠的IP 地址.



  Pescara#show ip route vrf Customer_A

  Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

  D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

  N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

  E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

  i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

  * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR



  Gateway of last resort is not set

  C 200.0.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback101

  B 200.0.6.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.10.6, 05:10:11

  B 200.1.6.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.10.6, 04:48:11



  Pescara#show ip route vrf Customer_B

  Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

  D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

  N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2



  E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

  i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

  * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

  P - periodic downloaded static route



  Gateway of last resort is not set

  C 200.0.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback102

  B 200.0.6.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.10.6, 00:03:24



  在Customer_A 的2 个站点间使用Traceroute,可能可以看到MPLS 网络使用的label stack。

  (如果配置mpls ip ttl .)

  Pescara#traceroute vrf Customer_A 200.0.6.1

  Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 200.0.6.1

  1 10.1.1.13 [MPLS: Labels 20/26 Exp 0] 400 msec 276 msec 264 msec

  2 10.1.1.6 [MPLS: Labels 18/26 Exp 0] 224 msec 460 msec 344 msec

  3 200.0.6.1 108 msec * 100 msec

  Note: Exp 0 是QoS 使用的一个字段。



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