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时间：2023-12-27 04:59:12 下载该word文档

表现主义和荒诞派戏剧Expressionismwasamodernistmovement,initiallyinpoetryandpainting,originatinginGermanyatthebeginningofthe20thcentury.Itstypicaltraitistopresenttheworldsolelyfromasubjectiveperspective,distortingitradicallyforemotionaleffectinordertoevokemoodsorideas.[1][2]Expressionistartistssoughttoexpressmeaning[3]oremotionalexperienceratherthanphysicalreality.[3][4]Expressionismwasdevelopedasanavant-gardestylebeforetheFirstWorldWar.ItremainedpopularduringtheWeimarRepublic,[1]particularlyinBerlin.Thestyleextendedtoawiderangeofthearts,includingpainting,literature,theatre,dance,film,architectureandmusic.Thetermissometimessuggestiveofemotionalangst.Inageneralsense,painterssuchasMatthiasGrünewaldandElGrecoaresometimestermedexpressionist,thoughinpracticethetermisappliedmainlyto20th-centuryworks.TheExpressionistemphasisonindividualperspectivehasbeencharacterizedasareactiontopositivismandotherartisticstylessuchasnaturalismandimpressionismOriginoftheterm1/21
Whilethewordexpressionistwasusedinthemodernsenseasearlyas1850,itsoriginissometimestracedtopaintingsexhibitedin1901inParisbyanobscureartistJulien-AugusteHervé,whichhecalledExpressionismes.[6]ThoughanalternateviewisthatthetermwascoinedbytheCzecharthistorianAntoninMatějčekin1910,astheoppositeofimpressionism:"AnExpressionistwishes,aboveall,toexpresshimself...(anExpressionistrejectsimmediateperceptionandbuildsonmorecomplexpsychicstructures...Impressionsandmentalimagesthatpassthroughmentalpeoplessoulasthroughafilterwhichridsthemofallsubstantialaccretionstoproducetheirclearessence[...and]areassimilatedandcondenseintomoregeneralforms,intotypes,whichhetranscribesthroughsimpleshort-handformulaeandsymbols."[7]Expressionismisnotoriouslydifficulttodefine,inpartbecauseit"overlappedwithothermajor'isms'ofthemodernistperiod:withFuturism,Vorticism,Cubism,SurrealismandDada."[11]RichardMurphyalsocomments:"thesearchforanall-inclusivedefinitionisproblematictotheextentthatthemostchallengingexpressionistssuchasKafka,[Gottfried]BennandDöblinweresimultaneous2/21themostvociferous

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