Unit 7 The Sea

李仕才

阅读理解

A

Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planet’s population survive climate change.

Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the world’s supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）—the main component of vinegar.

After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.

It’s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. "In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）," Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.

Kim also told the magazine he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn’t as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system, "he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.

1.What is the article mainly about?

A. The world’s food supply will be increased.

B. Plants better survive droughts.

C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts.

D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.

2.It was discovered that acetate can .

A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the Arabidopsis

C. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil

3.What are the target plants of the experiment?

A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.

C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.

4.Jong Myong Kim’s experiment of trying out the method .

A. can make people’s trips pleasant

B. turned out a worldwide success

C. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plants

D. appeals to many flower growing companies

【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。

1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选D。

3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选C。

4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kim…he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选D。

B

(2017·湖南省东部六校高三联考)Children can spend hours a day looking at computer screens and other digital devices.Some eye doctors say this leads to an increase in “computer vision syndrome(电脑视力综合症)”．

Nathan Bonilla­Warford is an optometrist (验光师) in Tampa, Florida.He has seen an increase in problems in children.“A lot more children come into the office either because their parents have noticed that they have headaches or red or watery eyes or discomfort, or because their nearsightedness appears to be increasing and they’re worried，” he says.

Dr.Bonilla­Warford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults.“Even if their eyes start to feel uncomfortable or they start to get a headache, they’re less likely to tell their parents, because they don’t want to have the game or the computer or whatever taken away，” he explains.

He says another part of the problem is that people blink(眨眼)less often when they use digital devices.He says, “A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal.”

Eye doctors offer suggestions like the following which is known as the 20/20/20 rule.That means every twenty minutes look away twenty feet or more for at least twenty seconds from whatever device you’re using.

Other suggestions include putting more distance between you and the device and using good lighting.Of course, another way is to spend less time looking at screens.Many experts say children should spend no more than two hours a day using digital devices—with no screen time for children under two.

But not all eye doctors have noticed an increase in problems in children.Dr.David Hunter, from Boston Children’s Hospital, has not seen an increase in his practice.“While it is possible to develop fatigue looking at screens for a long period of time, there’s certainly no proof that it actually causes any damage to the eyes，” he says.

【解题导语】　本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备，一些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合症”患者的数量。

1．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Dr.Bonilla­Warford thinks using computers causes nearsightedness.

B．People keep their eyes protected against drying by blinking normally.

C．Children under two can watch TV for less than two hours a day.

D．Dr.David Hunter says headaches cause an increase in eye problems.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal”可知，一个使用电脑或者其他数码产品的人眨眼的次数是我们日常生活中正常眨眼次数的三分之一，眨眼能够防止眼睛干燥，保护眼睛。故选B。

2．The syndrome in children is more likely serious than in adults because ________．

A．adults are cleverer than children

B．adults ignore taking care of children

C．children always overlook early warning signs

D．children always forget their parents’ words

C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dr.Bonilla­Warford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults.”可知，验光师Bonilla­Warford说儿童比成年人的电脑视力综合症情况严重是因为儿童往往比成年人更容易忽略其早期的症状。故选C。

3．What does the underlined word “fatigue” mean in the last paragraph?

A．Interest.　　　　　　 B．Ability.

C．Tiredness. D．Difficulty.

C　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“looking at screens for a long period of time”可知，长时间盯着屏幕看会造成视觉疲劳，但是没有证据表明它会对眼睛造成损伤。fatigue意为“疲劳”。故选C。

4．What can be the best title for the passage?

A．Looking at Screens: Two Hours or More

B．How Can Children Use Their Eyes Properly

C．Using Digital Devices: Advantages and Disadvantages

D．How Much Screen Time Is Proper for Children

D　解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备，一些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合症”患者的数量。眼科医生推荐了20/20/20规则：每隔20分钟看20英尺外或更远的地方至少20秒钟。故选D项作标题最恰当。

C

Pollution’s great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.

The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the country’s total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.

Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle—construction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition（拆毁）—than those who construct more regular buildings.

The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.

The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.

Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.

Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.

Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.

1.What is the text mainly about?

A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.

B. The process of building green buildings.

C. The benefits and features of green buildings.

D. Green buildings effects on the environment.

2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that______.

A. produce no waste

B. only use clean energy

C. are made of recycled materials

D. use energy and resources more efficiently

3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?

A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.

B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.

C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.

D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.

4.Why are green roofs used ?

A. They fit the surrounding environment well

B. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofs

C. They can keep natural water for use in everyday life

D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well

【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。

1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒数第二段第一句Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Green buildings的很多的好处和特征。故C正确。

3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选C。

4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选D。

D

(2017·福建高三单科质量检查)Want to help fight global warming？Take off your tie，says the Italian health Ministry.

It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.

“Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade，”the ministry said in a statement.“Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment.”

It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat waves like the one that has brought Africa­like temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.

The move echoes(回应) a similar action from Italy’s biggest oil group，ENI，which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.

The tie makers，however，were left hot_under_the_collar．

“Italy confirms that it is a strange country，”Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily IL Sole 24 ORE under the headline：“I，tie maker，am responsible for global warming.”

“We can now happily continue with our lifestyle，using cars，consuming fuel，heating and cooling our homes at leisure.On one condition：we should not wear a tie while we do so，” he wrote.

“I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead.”

Italy is one of the European Union’s worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed(超出) their greenhouse gas emission(排放) targets.

【解题导语】　解掉领带可以让体温下降2或3度，所以许多公司鼓励员工不戴领带上班，以抵制全球气候变暖；但是，这种主张遭到了领带制造商的反对。

1．What’s the purpose of the move of taking off ties?

A．To dress casually.

B．To fight global warming.

C．To keep the body temperature.

D．To improve working conditions.

B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Want to help fight global warming？Take off your tie”可知，解掉领带是为了抵制全球变暖，故B项正确。

2．Who first encouraged employees to take off ties?

A．ENI.

B．Flavio Cima.

C．A financial daily.

D．The Italian health ministry.

A　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“...ENI，which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work”可知，ENI公司最早鼓励员工上班时不戴领带，故A项正确。

3．What does the underlined part “hot under the collar” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A．Angry. B．Speechless.

C．Delighted. D．Puzzled.

A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段和第五段可知，包括ENI在内的许多公司，都鼓励员工不戴领带上班；根据常识可以判断，此举势必造成领带制造商的商品滞销；结合第七段的“Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter”可以判断，画线部分意为“愤怒的”，故A项正确。B项意为“(因愤怒等)说不出话的”，C项意为“高兴的”，D项意为“困惑的”，都与语境不符。

4．Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima?

A．He stands by the oil group.

B．He agrees with the ministry.

C．He admits his responsibility.

D．He argues against taking off ties.

D　解析：推理判断题。根据第六段“The tie makers，however，were left hot_under_the_collar”以及第七段中的“‘Italy confirms that it is a strange country，’Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter”可知，对于鼓励员工不戴领带上班一事，作为领带制造商的Flavio Cima非常生气；据此可以判断，他对不戴领带工作的观点有异议，故D项正确。

七选五

(2017·烟台高考适应性练习)People who seem to have all the luck are not usually blessed by a large amount of good fortune.They simply have a healthy attitude, which enables them to make the most of situations.Here are some tips for creating your own luck.

·Be Grateful for What You Have

Some people are already lucky, and they just don’t know it.1.________ For example, you have a happy family, some wonderful friends, a roof over your head and food on the table.By acknowledging these things regularly, you can instantly feel luckier.

·See the Good in the Past

People sometimes complain about their past for holding them back.They blame their parents or their schooling for not setting them up for success.But having a difficult life develops strengths and qualities you might never have got if you hadn’t been through those tough situations.2. ________

·Be Generous

If you want people to give you opportunities, you have to consider what you can do for others.3.________ Be generous with your time and attention, and you’ll be surprised how many lucky opportunities people may offer you.

·Be Open to New Things

Luck doesn’t just happen upon us—it comes to us when we’re open.4.________ Learning new skills, visiting a new place, or trying a new hobby are all great ways of expanding your opportunities and your mindset.

·Take Action

5．________ Take steps towards your goals and dreams and greet every challenge with a positive mindset.You will find you create more luck in everyday life.

A．You cannot expect to receive if you never give.

B．So be grateful for the good that came from your past.

C．Many people spend time thinking about what they don’t have.

D．You’ll never create any luck if you sit there waiting for it to come.

E．Trying something new is a great way of getting more opportunities.

F．But often success comes from great determination rather than good luck.

G．Look at how lucky you already are instead of focusing on what’s lacking.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要是给那些想在生活中获得好运的人提出几点建议。

1．G　解析：根据空格前的“Some people are already lucky, and they just don’t know it.”可知，有些人的运气已经很好了，但他们只是不知道。而空格后是对空格前提出的观点的举例说明。G项“你应该看到你已经拥有的好运，而不是关注自己缺少的东西”能够与上下文紧密联系，符合语境。故选G。

2．B　解析：空格处所在段的小标题是See the Good in the Past，意为“看到过去的美好”。由此可知，本段内容和过去的美好有关，且根据空格前的内容可知，经历苦难可以发展优势和品质，如果你没有经历那些苦难，你就不会有这些。B项“因此要感谢过去的经历给你带来的美好”能够与上下文衔接紧密，紧扣本段小标题。故选B。

3．A　解析：空格处所在段的小标题是Be Generous，意为“要慷慨大方”。由此可知，本段主要内容是待人要大方慷慨。根据空格前内容可知，如果你想要人们给你机会，你就要思考一下你能为别人做些什么。A项“如果你从来没有奉献过，你也不可能期望获得”与上文衔接紧密，紧扣本段小标题。故选A。

4．E　解析：空格处所在段的小标题是Be Open to New Things，意为“要敞开胸怀接受新的事物”。E项“尝试新的事物是获得更多机会的好方法”能够与上下文紧密联系，紧扣本段小标题。故选E。

5．D　解析：空格处所在段的小标题是Take Action，意为“采取行动”。根据空格后的内容可知，对你的目标和梦想采取行动，以积极的心态迎接每一次挑战。D项“如果你坐在那里等待好运到来，那么你永远不会有好运”能够与下文紧密联系，紧扣小标题。故选D。

Ⅲ、七选五

Which is much more significant to you when you are finding a job？Working experience or an advanced degree？Well，I believe diverse people have different answers. 1 Here are some reasons：

Above all，most of jobs don't require such a high degree，which means just some work，such as theoretical physics，archaeology，or literature，needs high academic qualification. 2 For example，when you are offering a department manager post，and there is a man who has already been a manager for three years but only has a master's degree and an inexperienced person with a doctor's degree，which one would you choose？Definitely the first one for the manager who doesn't acquire a doctor's degree but has rich working experience.

3 For instance，Bill Gates，who was the richest man in the world and one of the most successful merchants.What a wise choice when he decided to abandon studying so that he could gain more working experience instead of a doctor's degree！Or Steve Paul Jobs，who discontinued his study at the age of nineteen in order to become a member of a computer company just like Bill Gates. 4

5 Maybe you shouldn't have to gain an advanced or high degree，but that doesn't mean nothing.Probably a bachelor's degree is still necessary in this fiercely competitive society.

All in all，I think rich working experience is much more important than an advanced degree.

A．However，a degree is still required for most people.

B．Meanwhile，rich working experience will draw more attention.

C．Secondly，plenty of experience will bring you success much earlier.

D．In my view，either working experience or an advanced degree counts.

E．As for me，I will say working experience without hesitation.

F．As a matter of fact，more people with rich working experience become successful.

G．From all of these，we can see that an advanced degree isn't so necessary as working experience.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。论述了工作经验是工作成功的最重要的因素这一论点。

1．E　[根据空处位置可知，空处承上启下，根据该段第二句“Working experience or an advanced degree？”可知，空处提出自己的观点并引出下文，故E项与此处匹配。]

2．B　[根据本段最后一句“Definitely the first one for the manager who doesn't acquire a doctor's degree but has rich working experience.”并结合空后所列举的例子可知，该例旨在证明丰富的工作经验在应聘时更受欢迎，故B项与此处匹配。]

3．C　[根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的主题句；根据本段列举的比尔·盖茨放弃学业创业成功和乔布斯在十九岁时辍学这两个例子可以判断，本段旨在说明丰富的工作经验能促使人早日成功，故C项正确。]

4．G　[根据该空所在的位置可知，该空总结本段大意；由空前列举的比尔·盖茨和乔布斯这两个例子可以判断，高学历不如工作经验重要，故G项正确。]

5．A　[根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的主题句；由本段最后一句“Probably a bachelor's degree is still necessary in this fiercely competitive society.”可知，在这个竞争激烈的社会中，学历仍然是有必要的。据此可以判断，本段主要陈述学历对于大部分人来说还是需要的，故A项正确。]