Statistics

Descriptive statistics

Inference statistics

Causality

Correlation

Mean, average

Arithmetic mean, arithmetic average

Simple arithmetic mean

Weighted arithmetic mean

Harmonic mean, harmonic average

Geometric mean, geometric average,

Variance

Statistics

Statistic

Statistical

Probability

Classic probability

Geometry probability

Conditional probability

Qualitative data

Quantitative data

Scales of measurement

Nominal scale

Ordinal scale

Interval scale

Ratio scale

Random variable, variate

Continuous random variable

Density function

Discrete random variable

Probability function

Distribution function

Univariate,

k-dimensional

Marginal distribution

Conditional distribution

Independence

Irrelevance

Uncorrelated

Correlated

Centric tendency

Eccentric tendency

Quartile

Median

Mode

Percentile

Expectation

Conditional expectation

Centralized random variable

Standardized random variable

Standard deviation

Coefficient of variation

Moment

Moment about the origin

Central moment

Joint moment

Absolute moment

Covariance

Coefficient of determination

R square

Adjusted R square

Correlation coefficient

Pearson correlation coefficient

Kendall correlation coefficient

Spearman correlation coefficient

Kurtosis

Skewness

Regression

Regression function

Regression equation

Regression coefficient

Stepwise regression

Forward selection

Backward elimination

Uniform distribution

Normal (Gaussian) distribution

Standardized normal distribution

Log-normal distribution

Univariate normal distribution

Bivariate normal distribution

Chi-square distribution

t-distribution, student’s distribution

F-distribution

Exponential distribution

Gamma distribution

Beta distribution

Binomial distribution

Negative binomial distribution

Multinomial distribution

Poisson distribution

Hypergeometric distribution

Residual

Model

Explaining variable, explanatory variable

Explained variable, variable being explained

Interaction

Item, individual

Population

Population distribution

Population total

Population average

Independently identically distributed sample

Observed value

Attribute (qualitative or quantitative)

Character

Notation

Sign

Signal

Symbol

Indicate

Indicator

Guideline

Index

Index mark

Indicate

Target

Class

Class limits

Mid-point of class

Class width

Crosstabulation (Contingency table)

Original data

Grouped data

Absolute frequency

Relative frequency

Cumulative absolute frequency

Cumulative relative frequency

Dot plot

Stem-and-leaf display

Bar chart (graph)

Pie chart (graph)

Scatter diagram

Histogram

Experiment

Event

Venn diagram

Complement of event A

Additional law

Multiplication law

Mutually exclusive events

Sample

Sample space

Sample point

Sample mean

Sample median

Sample variance

Sample deviation

Sample standard deviation

Sample coefficient of variation

Sample covariance

Sample correlation coefficient

Sample moment

Survey

Empirical distribution

Empirical regression equation

Empirical regression coefficient

Range

Midrange

Run

Bayesian theorem

Estimation

Estimator

Estimate

Time series

Trend component

Cyclical component

Seasonal component

Irregular component

Time series data

Cross sectional data

Observation

Forecasting

Index

Consumer price index

Producer price index

Dow Jones average

Biased estimator

Unbiased estimator

Mean square error (MSE)

Standard error

Confidence interval

Confidence level

Goodness of fit

Outlier

Statistical hypothesis

Statistical test

Null hypothesis

Alternative hypothesis

Simple hypothesis

Composite hypothesis

Test statistic

Non-parametric test

Sign test

Run test

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Mann Whitney-Wilcoxon test

Rank correlation

Coefficient of rank correlation

Acceptance region

Rejection region

Critical value

One-tailed (sided) test

Two-tailed (sided) test

Type I error

Type II error

Type II error probability

Significance level

U-test

t-test

F-test

χ2-test

p-value

power

power of a test

power curve

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

ANOVA table

Block

Treatment

Between-treatments

Within- treatments

Pairwise comparisons

Experiment

Single-factor experiment

Two-factor experiment

Non-parameter test

Analysis of regression

True value

Test error

Random error

Systematic error

Accuracy

Precision

Draw an item at random (by chance)

Sample

Sampling

Sample size

Sampling unit

Sampling frame

Sampling with replacement

Sampling without replacement

Probability sampling

Equal probability sampling

Unequal probability sampling

Simple random sample

Simple random sampling

Ratio estimation

Regression estimation

Stratified sampling

Optimum allocation

Cluster sampling

Systematic sampling

Periodic systematic sampling

Multistage sampling

Primary sample

Secondary sample

Final sample

Convenience sampling

Judgment sampling

Sampling fraction

Subsample

Unbiasedness

Availability

Effectiveness

Efficiency

Validity

Coherence

Conformity

Consistency

Uniformity

Sufficiency

Completeness

Robustness

Econometrics

Heteroscedasticity

Auto-correlation, self-correlation

Serial correlation

Auto-regression

Multicollinearity

Endogenous variable

Exogenous variable

Dummy variable

Durbin-Watson test

Lagged variable

Just identified

Over identified

Instrument variable

Moving average

Law of large number

Central limit theorem

Random shock (disturbance)

Sequential test

Priori probability

Priori distribution

Posteriori probability

Posteriori distribution

Small sample

Large sample

Parameter

Asymptotic

Degree of freedom

Linear

Moment estimation

Least squares estimation

Generalized least squares estimation

Likelihood

Maximum likelihood estimation

Maximum likelihood estimator

Point estimation

Interval estimation

Multivariate analysis

Principal component analysis

Principal components

Discriminant (discriminate) analysis

Linear discriminate function

Factor analysis

Factor score

Factor loading

Cluster analysis

Canonical correlation analysis

Canonical correlation coefficient

Partial correlation coefficient

Characteristic equation

Characteristic function

Characteristic polynomial

Characteristic root

Proper vector, eigenvector

Error sum of squares

Residual sum of squares

Reliability

Efficiency

Stochastic Process

Stationary

Markov chain

Markov process

White noise

Entropy

Martingale

Supermartingale

Submartingale

Filtering

Mathematics

Symbols:

＋ Plus; positive

－ Minus; negative

× times

÷ Divided by

± plus or minus

Ex times 10x

＝ Equals, be equal to

≠ is not equal to

≈ is approximately equal to

≡ is identical to

√ Square root

∝ Varies directly as, be proportional to

∞ Infinity

＞ is greater than

＜ is less than

≥ is greater than or equal to, no less than

≤ is less than or equal to, no more than

≯ is not greater than

≮ is not less than

～ is similar to; the negation(negative) of;

∫ integral, integral of

the integral taken from the value b to the value a of the variable

∪ union

∩ intersection

be contained as an subset

contains as an subset

∈ be an element of

∑ sum, summation

∏ product

∧ and

∨ or

for any

there exists

∟ right angle

⊿ triangle

□ Square

□ Rectangle

diamond

⊥ the perpendicular, be perpendicular to

∵ since

∴ therefore

! factorial

◎ circle

b prime

b double prime

b triple prime

b bar

b hat

b2 b sub (subscript) 2

the differential coefficient of y with respect to x

the second derivative of y with respect to x

( ) parentheses

[ ] brackets

{ } braces

Terminology:

Algebra

Logarithm

Exponent

Constant

Formula

Real number

Irrational number

Rational number

Positive number

Negative number

Integer, integral number

Fraction, fractional number

Numerator

Denominator

Decimal, decimal number

Roundoff

Natural number

Odd number

Even number

Prime number

Composite number

Reciprocal

Sum

Summation

Difference, deviation

Product

Quotient, factor

Commutative law

Associative law

Distribution law

Four rules

Arithmetic square root

Square, second power

Square root, quadratic root

Cube, third power

Cube root, cubic root

Function

Increment

Argument, independent variable

Absolute value

Open interval

Closed interval

Domain(field) of definition

Range, Domain

Function

Function of the first degree

Quadratic function

Power function

Exponential function

Logarithm function

Increasing function

Decreasing function

Monotone function

Strictly monotone function

Singular function

Even function

Implicit function

Explicit function

Elementary functions

Transcendantal functions

Mapping

Continuous

Jump, gap

Permutation, arrangement

Combination

Sequence of numbers

Determinant

Matrix

Linear combination

Linearly dependent (correlation)

Linearly independent (correlation)

Rank

Golden cut

Critical point

Critical value

Median mean theorem

Differential

Differentiate

Derivative, derived function

Partial differentiate, partial derivative

Integral

Integrate

Definite integral

Integrand

Lower limit

Upper limit

Riemann integral

Improper integral

Indefinite integral

Integral constant

Double integral

n-tuple integral

multiple integral

Series

Term

Partial sum

Converge

Absolutely converge

Conditional converge

Diverge

Asymptotic series

Asymptotic expansion

Polynomial approximation

Inequality

Inequality sign

Trigonometry

Angle

Angle of first (second, third, fourth) quadrant

Sine

Cosine

Tangent

Cotangent

Secant

Cosecant

Sine curve

Anti-trigonometric function

Inverse sine

Sine law

Geometry

Figure

Line

Straight line

Degree

Cent, minute, deci

Second

Acute angle

Obtuse angle

Perpendicular, vertical

Oblique line

Theorem

Lemma

Axiom

Consequence

Corollary

Deduction

Inference

Row

Column

Vector

Quadrilateral, tetragon

Parallelogram

Pentagon

Polygon

Diamond, rhombus

Trapezoid, trapezium

Chord

Arc

Segment

Ray

End (of a segment)

Vertex

Vertical angle

Symmetry

Arc

Major arc, superior arc

Minor arc, inferior arc

Tangent (line)

Secant (line)

Normal (line)

Point of inflection

Diagonal

Perimeter

Prism

Pyramid

Cylinder

Cone

Area

Volume

Convex

Concave

Circle

Sphere

Analytic geometry

Coordinate axis

Abscissa

Ordinate

Abscissa axis

Ordinate axis

intercept

Plane rectangular coordinate system

Gradient

Slope

Ellipse

Hyperbola

Parabola

Conic(al) section

Necessary condition

Sufficient condition

Necessary and sufficient condition

Calculus

Measure

Fuzzy Mathematics

Topology

Functional analysis

Operational (operations) research (analysis)

Four color problem

Goldbach’s conjecture

Poincare’s conjecture

Fermat’s problem

Yoctometer

Zeptometer

Attometer

Femtometer

Picometer

Nanometer

Micron

Millimeter

Centimeter

Decimeter

Meter

Decameter

Hectometer

Kilometer

Megameter

Gigameter

Terameter

Petameter

Exameter

Zetameter

Yotameter

calm

light breeze

trade wind

moderate breeze

fresh breeze

gale

strong breeze

near gale, gusty wind

squall, storm

strong gale

violent storm

hurricane

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