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八年级下英语(外研版)全部知识点总复习

时间:2020-04-09 22:21:13    下载该word文档

外研版八年级英语下册短语知识点集

MODULE1

五种简单句歌决

英语简单句,五种结构型,缩简句子后,结构自分明,表主语状态,即为主系表,主谓关与主谓宾,二者需分清,动作对象人和物,则是间宾直宾,二宾位置可互换,介词tofor记心间,句子已有主谓宾,宾语再补方完整,宾语加上补足语,二者构成复合宾。

1、 主语+不及物动词(SV

不及物动词,不能带宾语,但有些要接状语意义才完整。

2、主语+系动词+表语(SVP

系动词:be ,look, seem ,become, feel , get ,turn ,grow, smell ,taste , keep, sound

3、主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO

4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO

直接宾语在前,加forto连接间接宾语。

give, show , send, bring , pass, lend ,leave ,hand , feel, return, promise ,refuse, throw to.

make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing, payfor .

5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC

6there be 句型。

tidy up 收拾, fan扇,fan oneself ,给某人自己扇风,

fan the flame煽动情绪, a movie fan , 影迷,

un反义前缀,tidy-untidy, happy-unhappycomfortable-uncomfortable at least至少,

祈使句,肯定以动词原形开头,反问用will you ?/wont you?,否定用Dont +动词原形,反问用will you ?Lets shall we?

take up占据,代词放中间 take away拿走 ,

take sth. back,收回某物 take .to 带到.

take off 下,起飞 take place发生 ,

take a rest 休息一下, a bit ,a little ,作状语/时可互换

a bit of =a little,有点儿,修饰不可数名词

on time按时 , in time及时 , from time to time有时 ,

a long time很长时间 , for the first time首次,

have a good time ,玩得高兴

be/get /become interested in 主语是人,某人对某事产生兴趣

指人的不定代词: somebody/someone, everybody /everyone , anybody/anyone, nobody/no one

指物的不定代词,anything, something, everything, nothing

play the violin ; play +the+乐器, play+球,

世上独一无二的加the前面出现过词的再次出现时用the

make+宾语+宾语补足语(使..处于某种状态,地位)make sb. do sth.使某人做某事,make sb/sth + 使某人/某物

后接动词不定式作宾语,不要to 的有,一感feel,二听hear, listen to,三让have, let, make,四看see, look at ,watch ,notice,半帮助help

make sb. sth=make sth for sb.为某人做某事, make money赚钱,make a living 生, make trouble引起麻烦, make friends with sb.与某人交朋友, make war 开战, make a fire生火, make a face做鬼脸,

make ..from..制成(用被动) be made of..制成(用被动) make fun of 取笑,与开玩笑, make room for 让地方, make up 编造, make up ones mind 决心,拿定主意,

现在完成时:表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作,对现在造成的影响和结果,或持续到现在的动作。常用词语already, yet ,ever ,never, just ,before, for + some time ,since

at the end of 尽头,在末尾,(时间,位置) by the end of =not later than

by the end of 末为止,+过去时间,用于过去完成时

by the end of+现在时间,用于现在完成时,

in the end =at last =finally,最后

end(动词) up with结束, come to an end 告终,结束 , begin with开头 , sth happen to sb某事发生在某人身上 happen to do sth.碰巧发生某事 take place发生,预料中发生的事, happen是偶然发生的, be famous for..而出名,(外界客观)

be famous as作为.而出名,(本身身份)

be good for 有益 be good at擅长,

a collection of.的收藏 ,

have/ take an interest in 对某事感兴趣,

give an interview,会面,做访谈

as a result结果, as a result of 由于,因为,

also 也,肯定句中,too也,肯定/疑问句,句末,(逗号),either也,否定,句末,逗号,

as well也,肯定,句末,

be sure确信,相信,

in life一生中, all ones life一生,终身

buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb think about考虑,思考,想起, think of想起 think over思考

look after=take care of =care for,照顾 look over, 检查,查看, look for寻找, look up 查找/向上看,

be popular with,的欢迎

when , while, as的用法:

when可引用可延续性和非延续性,主从句的动词是非延续性,只用when

while引用可延续性,主从句的动词是可延续性,只用while

as 用于同时发生的

be useful to/for .有用, be useful in (for )doing sth,有助于

useful 反义词useless ,比较级前加more ,最高级前加most ,

develop ,名词development ,developing 发展中.developed 发达的,

success名词 ,succeed动词, successful形容词 ,successfully副词, failure失败

someothers没有范围的“一些另一些”,但不是全体,

somethe others某一范围的 “一些.其他”的,表全体,

one .another不定数目中的“一个另一个”

one .the other两者中的“一个另一个”

spend: sb. spend (s) some money on sth.

sb. spend(s) some time on sth.

sb. spend(s) some money (in) buying sth.

sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.

pay: sb. pay(s) some money for sth.

cost: sth cost sb. some money

take : It takes sb. some time to do sth

It takes sb .some money to buy sth .

Its +adj.+ for sb. +to do sth .外界原因

Its +adj. +of sb. +to do sth .人的品质

remember/forget to do sth.想起/忘记要做某事,

remember/forget doing sth.想起/忘记做过某事。

in the way 以这种方式, long ago很久以前, 

start ,begin当用于进行时,后用to +V原,主语是物时,后用+to V原,

such as ,例如, for example 句首,句中,用逗号隔开,缩写e.g as well as连接两相同的内容 come out 出版 ,开放,出现,

probably句中,不用于句未,不用于句首,

maybe可能性很小,口语, 句首

perhaps或许 句首,句中

what do you think of =how do you like

show sb .sth =show sth to sb.

try to do sth 努力做某事, try doing sth.尝试做某事

try/do ones best (to do sth) 尽某人的最大努力(做某事),

try out试验 , try on 试穿 a piece of music一首乐曲,

动词后只跟 V-ing 的有:finish ,practice ,mind ,feel like ,miss ,keep, pardon, excuse ,suggest consider, give up ,cant help,

主语是人need to do sth 需要做某事,, 主语是物need doing需要被做某事,

dress sb给某人穿衣 , dress oneself 自己穿衣

be/get dressed in=dress in +衣服或颜色 , find out查明,

就近原则: not onlybut also ,不仅.而且

eitheror ..不是就是,或者..或者

neithernor 既不也不,

there be 动词以最近的主语为标准

MODULE 2

宾语从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后的从句。

引导词展示关:

1. 宾语从句是陈述句时,常用that引导,that可以省略;

2. 特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,由原来的连接代词、副词引导;

3. 一般疑问句改成的,用连词ifwhether引导,两者都有是否的意思,通常可以替换。不能省略。

语序应用陈述语序:主语在前,谓语动词在后,(带有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号,取决于主句的句式,与从句无关。主是陈述句,用句号,主是疑问句,用问号)

时态照应:1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时,从句不受影响,根据从句自身的情况选用时态。

2.主句是过去时,从句也一定用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时等)

3.从句是客观真理、客观自然现象等,任何时候都用一般现在时。(以Could you tell me ....?/ would you tell me ...?开头的不能用过去时态。)

否定转移:当主句的谓语动词是thinkbelieveguesssuppose等时,主句的主语是又是第一人称,人句表示的否定意义转移到主句,(反问句遵循主是我人用他,主是他就用他。)

转换“变脸”关:一些动词:tell, know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接连接(副)词+不定式(连接副词why除外)也就是疑问词+动词不定式(to

举行会议hold a meeting

(不挂断)等一下hold the line ,hold on

if当“是否”讲时引导的是宾语从句,该用将来时就用将来时。

E.g I don’t care if it will rain.

if当“如果”讲时引导的是条件状语从句。主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 I will have a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow.

接近于close to , 停止,关闭close down

hear of/about听说;hear from sb,收到某人的来信;

hear, see, watch, notich, 后跟V-原,表示发生了,后跟V-ing表示正在发生。

In加一段时间,常用用将来时will,用how soon 提问。

be different from...不同; be excited about....感到兴奋/激动;

为什么不做某事呢,做....怎么样?Why don't you do that?=why not do that?

提建议:Let's do sth! Shall we/I do sth? What (how) about doing sth?

sometime过去或将来某个时候,用于过去时或将来时;

some time一段时间表,some times几次, 几倍,

sometimes 有时常用于一般现在时/一般过去时。

alone 强调单独的个体,多作表语。 lonely表示感情上的孤独。

laugh at sb.嘲笑某人, laugh oneself to death笑得要死;

worry about sb/sth.担心某人/某事;

be worried about=worry about担心的,忧虑的;

as usual照常,像平常一样;

than usual较平常.... a unusual man一个不寻常的人, pass by过去(人)从旁而过pass on (to)继续前进,传递;

touch sb to the heart.触动某人的心弦,

be in touch with...接触;keep in touch with....保持联系; get in (into) touch with....取得联系;

lose touch with....失去联系, touch off触发,激起。

It doesn't matter.不要紧; the matter麻烦事;

no matter how(what, when ,where...)不管怎样(什么,哪里,何时..

How many 多少,用于可数名词数量提问,后跟名词复数;

how much多少,用于不可数名词数量或价格提问,

how old 多大,对年龄进行提问;

how long多长,多久,对一段时间和物体长度进行提问,

how tall多高,对有生命事物高度提问,多指人和树;

how often多久,对事物的频率进行提问,如对这些提问often, usually, sometimes, never, always, three times a day, twice a week, once a month

how soon 多快,对将来时的时间状语in+一段时间提问

how far多远,对距离进行提问。

how high 多高,对无生命事物高度提问,多用于山、建筑物等;

be afraid of doing sth.担心,害怕发生某种后果;

be afraid to do sth be afraid that 从句

make friends with sb.和某人交朋友, a piece of advice一条建议

a piece of information一条信息; a piece of news一条新闻

want to do sth=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth.想要做某事。

not...any more=no more不再,表示次数上或程度上不再,

not ...any longer=no longer不再,表示时间上不再延续。

电话常语:Is that sb.(speaking)? This is sb (speaking)

Sb speaking/Speaking. May I speak to sb?

Hold on ,please. Can I take a meesage, please?

Who is that ?/Who is calling?

expect to do sth,预计做某事 so much如此多,

on one's way to在某人去...的路上by the way顺便说一下,

in one's way 阻挡, in a(one) way某种程度上,在某点上

one's own某人自己的 ,

on ones own 某人自己/独自=by oneself=alone

no one 一般不与of连用,动词用单数,指人,但不具体指,常用来回答who/anyone/anybody引导的疑问句。

noneof连用,动词可用/数,具体指什么,用来回答how many +n./how much +n./any +n.引导的疑问句。

nothing 指物,不用于人,动词用单数,用来回答anything ,what 引导的疑问句。

talk to /with sb.与某人交谈, talk about sth.with sb.与某人谈论某事

at the moment;此时此刻 make sb do sth.使某人做某事

give/take /follow/ask for a piece of advice.

Would you like sth? Yes ,please/No ,thanks.

Would you like to do sth.? Yes, I'd like/love to.

have fundoing sth)做某事很愉快 call back回电话;

call sb. back 给某人回电话, hold the line请稍等,

立刻right now ,at once, right away 刚才just now.

take a message for sb, 为某人捎信,

leave a message for sb.为某人留口信。

whether.....or not是否 welcome to ....欢迎来......

in fact事实上, a couple of 几个,两个。

be different from...不同, be the same as ....一样

a pair of 一双,一对,是不能分开的,缺一不可,

a couple of ,是同一类事物中相关的两个。

Good luck with.........顺利。Good luck to sb.表示祝某人幸运; early autumn初秋,late autumn晚秋, junior high school初级中学,

far away遥远的,(be) far away from=(be) far from....

so far到现在为止,与现在完成时连用;

turn back折回,往回走;

without a word没有说话; get in touch with...取得联系;

keep in touch with....保持联系 change ones life 改变某人的生活

whats the matter with you?=whats wrong with you?=whats the trouble with you?=Whats the problem with you

believe in sb.信任某人 at first起初;

first of all首先,第一; so.that如此.以至于

tooto而不能   take pride in自豪

in public公开地,当众; at that time=at that moment在那时

day by day一天天地    turn back转身

smile at 微笑, laugh at sb嘲笑某人

play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑  tell jokes 讲笑话

if whether的用法:

askknowwonder等动词后引导一个宾语从句时,可以互换。

1、引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,只能用whether

2、如果其后接动词不定式,则只能用whether

I cant make up my mind whether to go or not .

3、用于介词之后时,只能用whether

4、与or not 连接时,只用whether而不用if .

5if可引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”,

6even if as if 中的if不能换成whether

MODULE 3

动词不定式与动词的ing形式作宾语

1、常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词。一些动词后面常跟不定式作宾语,如want ,agree, decide等。口诀:

要想 拒绝 忘记 want , refuse ,forget

需要 努力 学习 need , try , learn

喜欢 同意 帮助 like, agree, hel[

希望 决定 开始 hope ,wish ,decide, begin ,start

2、常见的跟动词的ing形式作宾语的动词。

这些词主要有: finish, enjoy, ,practice等。

完成 练习 值得忙 finish, practice, be worth , be busy,

继续 习惯 别放弃 keep on ,be used to ,give up

考虑 建议 不禁 consider, suggest, cant help, feel like,

喜欢 思念 要介意 enjoy, miss, mind

3、有的动词既可以跟动词不定式,也可以跟动词的ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大。

(1) forget to do sth. /forget doing sth.

forget doing 忘了做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记要做某事

(2) remember to do sth.记着要做某事 remember doing记着做过某事

(3) stop to do sth.停下去做另一件事

stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事/不做某事

everybody /everyone每个人,动词用第三人称单数,用于否定句中表示部分否定。

thank sb.for sth(doing sth) =thanks for/thank you for sth(doing sth)而向某人表示感谢,后加v-ing; 

take sb .around=show sb. around带领某人参观,

look out (for)当心;小心 ,

look at , look like 看起来,

look for寻找, look after照顾,

look up 查找,向上看, look out of外面看 ,

look forward to盼望,期待 , look over检查,

Dont mention it不客气 ,Its my pleasure. Thats all right ./Youre welcome. /Not at all.用于回复别人的感谢。

keep (on) doing sth.反复做某事

keep (from) doing sth.阻止/防止做某事,同/stop/prevent (from) doing sth.

keep away(使)离开,,(使)不接近 keep back阻止,留在后面

keepin mind记在心里 help sb. do sth 帮助某人做某事,

help sb. with sth .在某方面帮助某人

cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事

help oneself/ help oneself to sth自用或自取某物

report sth .to sb.把某事向某人汇报

would like/want, would like to do sth.=want to sth.

would you like =do you want Me ,too.我也是,前句是肯定句。

Me, either. 前句是否定句。   prepare for作准备

watch ,see ,look at ,notice ,read 的区别:

watch,指仔细观看,看电视、球赛等

see 指看望某人,看电影,看医生等。

look at 仅表示看这个动作。

notice 指偶尔看到;注意到;觉察到

read指看书;看报。

the end of 的结尾

agree with同意某人,同意某人的看法或观点,  

agree to表示同意 agree on愿意;答应,认同

each other 两者之间的“彼此,互相”

one another 三者或三者以上之间“相互;彼此。”

look down向下看 ,  look down upon藐视,看不起,

look up to尊重;尊敬 ,    in radio在播音方面,

Shouldnt you be at school?是一个否定疑问句,用于表示惊讶情绪,答语和反问回答是一致的,针对事实作答。

explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事。When I was about four or five years old =at the age of four or five. 亲自in person

ask for ask sb. for sth向某人要某物

learn from.学习  learn about /of听说,了解到

learnby oneself=teach oneself自学

close down 停止(播音),关闭

动词变表示人的名词时通常加er,也有部分单词加or构成

runrunner playplayer singsinger winwinner reportreporter managemanager act actor visitvisitorcollectcollector inventinventor operate operator conduct conductor售票员/列车乘务员

in front of .前,在事物外部的前面, in the front of在事物内部的前面 sound like听起来像 introduce sb .to sb.把某人介绍给某人 the lives of 的命运

表示建议的句型有:

1Shall we?我们好吗? 2Lets .让我们

3What /how about怎么样? 4Why dont you/we..=Why not?为什么不?5Would you like.?你愿意..?回答时用Id like/love to . sorry ,but .

对于建议肯定回答:Good idea./OK/Sure/ All right./Why not?/Great/Yes, Id love to

对于建议否定回答:I’m sorry ,Im afraid /Id love to ,but ..

score a goal 进一球

MODULE 4

play back回放, turn on 打开,多指打开电器、水龙头等

turn off 关上、lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人

borrow sb.sth=borrow sth form sb.向某人借来某物,

借一段时间用keep.

send sb. sth=send sth. to sb.

send away 派出,送出,   send up发射 ,   

send for派人去请,    

connect .to /with 连接

save ones life 挽救某人的生命,pick up 捡起,拾起,

bite sb. on the hand咬某人的手,a few days earlier几天前

a few days later 几天以后 climb out of .爬出来,

take a photo of 拍照   

怎么啦?:

1.What is wrong with sb./sth. 2.Whats the matter with sb./sth? 3.Whats the trouble with sb./sth?

wait for等待 cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地去做某事

a text message一条短信息

look on sb. as把某人看作.

get /be ready to do sth准备好做某事,乐意做某事

get /be ready for sth=prepare for准备好

receive a postcard 收到一张明信片,

on the front of 在前面,在正面, on the back,在背面,在后面

what kind of什么种类,哪种, a kind of 一种,

all kinds of 各类各样的

kind of有点儿,相当于a little, a bit ,

take a photo=take photos,拍照 look up仰视,查找(字典) ,

look sb. up and down,上下打量看某人 look up to 尊敬,仰视, look after照顾 , look down on(upon)看不起,瞧不起, look forward to doing sth盼着做某事 , look through,浏览

send a message home,给家里发信息

send sb sth=send sth to sb.,

play back回放 , turn on , turn off , turn down关小 ,turn up 开大,

come on赶快 , come from, 来自 come back回来, come along ,跟着来 come over,顺便来访 come down落下,降落

hurt oneself伤害某人自己 save ones life挽救某人的生命

bite sb .on the hand 咬了某人的手

across强调从一定范围的一边到另一边,且在物体表面上沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作。

through表示从某一范围的一端到另一端,但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行的,往往掼穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。

over用作“穿过,通过”时,表示到达高的障碍物的另一侧.

pick up ,捡起 a few一些,几个,用于名词复数形式肯定,

few很少,几乎没有,用于名词复数形式否定 a little 有一点,用于不可数名词 表肯定,little很少,几乎没有 表否定

on business ,出差    

借入borrow ,借出lend,借一段时间keep

with一起,具有带有;携带;与同时,随着;由于,因为;表示行为方式;就来说,关于。

What is the price of sth?=How much is/are sth.某物多少钱?

be surprised to do sth做某事而感到惊奇,

a few days earlier几天前,

show .to ..看, suggest to sb向某人提建议,

Irish爱尔兰的,Ireland爱尔兰,Irishman 爱尔兰男人, Irishwoman爱尔兰女人

wait for sb./sth等待某人/某物 hide sth from sb把某事瞒着某人. take medicines服药,

be surprised at sth.感到惊奇 be surprised that+从句

in surprise 惊奇地,  to ones surprise令某人吃惊的是

leave for sb动身去某地 leave sp 离开某地

MODULE 5

if 引出的条件状语从句的时态‘

1.主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来;

2.当主句用祈使句或情态动词时,从句通常用一般现在时。

3.如果主句中的动词是want,hope ,则用一般现在时。

4. if引导的条件状语从句与祈使句的转换

主语为you的条件状语从句可与“祈使句+and/or+一般讲来时简单句”句式互换。

If you work harder, youll pass the exam. ---Work harder ,and youll pass the exam.

If you dont hurry up ,you ll miss the train.Hurry up ,or youll miss the train.

be able to能,会,(有人称、数和时态的变化)

all together一起, at the end of 结束时, take off 卸掉,拿走;起飞;脱下 at least 至少 after all 毕竟,

help sb .with sth 帮助某人做某事, hurry up赶快,

usefor.来干,be used to do sth=be used for (doing) sth被用来干某事, be used by用, offer to do sth提供帮助做某事,

be good at =do well in 擅长,

be weak in=do badly in方面弱。

have a chance to do sth=have a chance of doing sth.有做某事的机会

punish sb for sth而惩罚某人,

one of +名词复数,动词用单数。之一,

one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数 动词用三单,最.之一 花费时间和某人/某物在一起spend some time with sb/sth. too much 太多, 后跟不可数名词,

much too太,非常 后跟形容词或副词。

be proud of =take pride in .自豪

send sb .away 送走,把撵走,把开除,

so 是副词,通常修饰形容词,副词,

表示“这么多(少)”so many/much/few/little+名词

such是形容词,常修饰名词,放在a/an之前,all, no ,one ,few ,several ,some ,any ,many等词之后,可以修饰各种名词。

such+a/an +adj.+单数名词=so +adj.+a/an +单数名词

such adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数

ask to do sth要求做某事, ask sb to sth要求某人做某事,

ask for请求, ask for trouble自找麻烦

be sure to do sth一定,必须.,

be sure of sth /be sure that意为确信 .

be sure of doing sth.有把握做某事

offer to do sth提出做某事,愿意做某事

steal sth from sb. steal sb .sth.

go to sleep 入睡,睡着 , go to bed 上床睡觉,

go to sleep /fall asleep /get to sleep入睡,睡着, be asleep睡得很熟 ,

be fast asleep睡得很熟 be sleeping正在睡觉。

be tired of 厌烦.感到厌烦

adj./adv.+enough for sb. +to do sth做某事对某人来说够.

instead of 代替,而不是

in the front of ..前面(内部) at the back of ..后面

be angry at /about sth.因某事而生气 be angry with /at sb.和某人生气

be able to do sth能够, refuse to do sth拒绝,

would rather do sth than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事

warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事

write to sb.给某人写信 use sth .to do sth.用某物做某事

go wrong ,出毛病,出错 use .for ..来做

onto .之上, into.之内, out of 出来 这些词语常与动态词连用

make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误,

be angry to do sth .做某事很生气 be angry with sb.for doing 因某人做了某事而生气,

first second首先其次,

感叹句:

感叹的中心落在形容词、副词或整个句子上,用how引导感叹句。即:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!

感叹的中心落在名词上,用引导感叹句。

即: what+a/an+形容词 +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!

what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!

what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!

pocket money零用钱, after all不管怎样,毕竟

hurry up赶快 , in a hurry匆忙地 ,

hurry to do sth.匆忙去做某事 save up积攒,储存,

on ones way to 在某人去某地的路上,(副词不用to),

be broken破了,坏了

agree with 后面常 接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语

feel sorry for 感到抱歉,对感到遗憾 find difficult发现..困难

get into trouble招惹麻烦,陷入麻烦,the first (one) to do sth.第一个做某事的人

start with =begin with作开始  

warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告/提醒某人(不要)做某事

warn sb. against sth ./doing sth.提醒/警告某人不要做某事

warn sb. of/ about sth.警告某人某事 warn sb. that警告某人..

MODULE 6

直接引语改为间接引语

引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语

一、如何变人称:

下面有一句顺口溜主。二宾,三不是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:

She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.

是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then

三不是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:

Mr Smith said "Jack is a good worker"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker

由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:

1.直接引语是陈述句时

间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。

He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.

2.直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

1 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。

She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"

→She asked me if (whether)I often went there to read newspapers.

She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?"

→She asked me whether(if )I had seen the film.

2 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。

I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

He asked , "Where do you live?" →He asked me where I lived.

3.直接引语是祈使句时

间接引语为不定式,作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语(don’t 变为not .

The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.

His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.

直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)。如:

He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.He suggested that they should go to see the film.

[注意]

1 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如:

He said, "Let’s go to the theatre."

→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.

(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.

→He asked me to open the window.

"Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .

→he advised me to take a walk after supper.

"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.

→He suggested listening to the music.

4.直接引语是感叹句时

间接引语为what how 引导,也可以用that 引导。

She said, "What a lovely day it is !"

→She said what a lovely day it was .She said that it was a lovely day.

5.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化:

直接引语

间接引语

一般现在时

一般过去时

现在进行时

过去进行时

一般将来时

过去将来时

现在完成时

过去完成时

一般过去时

过去完成时

过去完成时

过去完成时

[注意]

1 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:

The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

2 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如:

He said to me, "I was born in 1973."

→He told me that he was born in 1973.

(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:

He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl."

→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:

The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."

→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:

He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."

→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如:

The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."

→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.

He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."

→He said that he could swim when he was only six.

项目

直接引语

间接引语

指示代词

this

that

these

those

表时间的词语

now

then

today

that day

this week(month ,etc)

that week (month ,etc

yesterday

the day before

 last week(month)

the week(month) before

three days(a year)ago

three days(a year)before

tomorrow

the next (following ) day

next week(month)

the next(following)week(month)

this evening

that evening

yesterday morning

the morning before

ago

before

the day before yesterday

two days before

地点

here

there

动词

bring

take

come

go

 fall asleep 入睡, go to bd 上床睡觉 反义词get up

too.to而不能 相当于so+adj. +that +否定句 或者 be not +形容词的反义词+enough to do sth.

clap and cheer 鼓掌欢呼 everyone后用in 接集体名名词 every one

后用of +具体名词或代词(复数) ber worried about=worry about担心

fight for 为(事业、自由、真理)而斗争 fight against,为反对而斗争接人、国家名词时可fight with互换

这些时间状语前不加介词:

today, tomorrow, tonight, next day/week /month/year,this morning/afternoon

/evening/week.the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow,

be lost 迷路,延续性get lost迷路 ,非延续性

face to face面对面, be faced with面临, lose face丢脸

make faces做鬼脸true to life,反映真实生活的

in ones opinion以某人的观点,在某人看来 ,as though,好像,

even though,即使,纵然  in action使起作用,使生效和,在活动中

except, but表示在整体中除去一部分,一般用来排除同类,除..之外常和all,every,no,not,any等词连用,一般可互换,但如果跟副词,介词短语等,不能用but

besides,.之外,还有,包括了后面的宾语在内

except for把某一点除外,若无..用于排除异类,用于说明基本情况后在细节上加以修正补充。

except that后接从句,与except for意思一样,用来强调或细节,补充前面所说的话。

advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事, advise doing建议做某事

I beg your pardon 请你再说一遍 plenty of 许多;大量

compete to do sth通过竞赛,比赛来做事compete for.而竞争;竞争获得 compete against /with 竞争/比赛

pleased ,高兴的,乐意的,相当于happy,/glad,常作表语,与with连用表示“对感到满意。” pleasure, 名词,愉快;高兴;乐事。

pleasant,形容词,令人愉快的,高兴的,常作定语、表语

please动词,使高兴;使满意。常用在as /what /where等词后表示“想,选择,喜欢”多用于祈使句。

among 表示在三者或三者以上之间,between表示在两者之间。

a very exciting place 一个非常激动人心的地make friengs with sb.与某人交朋友

look after sb. 照顾某人 both .and.. ..

someone else 别人 be pleased to do sth.做某事很高兴

be pleased with sb ,对某人很满意 be pleased at /about sth.对某事/物很满意

a very +adj.+n.=quite a/an+adj.+n.

excite,interest,bore,tire,relax,worry,这些词语后加ing修饰物,可作定语,后加ed修饰人,只做表语。 explain away解释开,

look after sb=take care of look after sb well=take good care of sb.

must 开头的疑问句,回答:用:yes, ..must. no,neednt/ no..dont have to

plenty of =much/many, a large /great number of =many,

a great deal of =much 

enjoy oneself/have a good time/have fun/have a great time玩得高兴

go to bed去睡觉

sleep指睡觉的全过程,用于进行时表示正在睡觉

asleep只作表语, a sleeping baby一个睡着的婴儿

What do you think of.? How do you like.?

be on 上演,上映 put on 穿上,

come on跟着来, later on后来以后,

and so on等等 look sb. in the face 直视某人

in (the) face of前面 take action采取行动,

sometimes/usually/always/often/never once/twice/数字+times 这些表频率,提问用how often

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