2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

1.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?

Booklovers, most of them, will tell you（1）______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to a friend—the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made you feel（2）______ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.

But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm（3）______（press）on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks,（4）______（use）any device with the Barnes & amp; Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.

The Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is（5）______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen,（6）______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when you’re not using it so that you save power.

（7）______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection（8）______（read）whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Barnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.

But the Nook, ironically,（9）______（turn out）to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employees. According to Marian Maneker at The Big Money Website,（10）______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.

【答案】

（1）what,（2）as if/ though,（3）pressed,（4）using,（5）that,（6）which,（7）Another,（8）to read,（9）has turned out/turns out,（10）if

【考点】

固定用法

高三

说明文语法填空

句子基础知识

动词时态

代词

表语从句

非限制性定语从句

状语从句

过去分词

动名词

从属连词

【解析】

本文属于说明文阅读，主要介绍了一种新的电子书阅读器NooK。

【解答】

（1）what 考查感叹句的引导词。引导以名词开头的感叹句a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to a friend-the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of 用 what，表示“多么”。

（2）as if/ though 考查表语从句。引导that made you feel的表语从句you yourself were on a train ride through India。表示“好像”，用as if/ though。

（3）pressed 考查非谓语动词。做have their latest literary enthusiasm的补语，用过去分词pressed ，表示“让某事被做”。

（4）using 考查非谓语动词。做You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks的方式状语，用现在分词using。 

（5）that 考查表语从句的引导词。引导The difference is的表语从句，on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen用that ，that不做句子成分，没有实际的含义。

（6）which 考查非限制性定语从句。代指先行词a color touch screen，用 which 引导非限制性定语从句allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when you’re not using it so that you save power.。

（7）Another 考查不定代词。和上面两个特点并列，用 Another修饰 exciting thing about the Nook，表示“另外一个”。

（8）to read 考查动词不定式。做 Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection 的目的状语，用动词不定式to read。

（9）has turned out/turns out 考查动词时态。本文介绍的是现在的事，所以谓语动词用现在完成时态has turned out或者一般现在时态 turns out，表示“结果是”。

（10）if 考查状语从句的引导词。表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句the Nook is successful，用if。

Section B Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Foreign Giants Target Chinese Milk Market

European dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers as a business partner for its（1）______ in China—a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge China’s dairy market by tying up with local players.

Arla signed the cooperation（2）______, which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new（3）______ for Multinational’s re-entry into the sector.

Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create（4）______ profits in domestic milk market, especially the liquid-milk sector, which is followed closely by price wars and dominated by local（5）______—companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.

A few have been successful—Nestle, Intel, Bristo—Myers Squibb and Wyeth have（6）______ the high-end milk-formula market in China.

"We will watch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n)（7）______ time," an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said when it（8）______ its investment in its Tianjin joint venture last year after eight years.

The company has（9）______ its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its（10）______ company in Hong Kong.

【答案】

D,H,K,I,J,F,C,E,G,A

【考点】

高三

名词基础

说明文语法填空

动词时态

形容词基础

过去分词

【解析】

本文主要介绍了国外品牌奶粉向中国市场扩张，像惠氏在中国高端奶粉市场已经占据了主导地位。

【解答】

（1）D 考查名词。句子介词for后跟名词，根据句意：外企业开始通过捆绑当地球员培养巨大的中国乳品市场扩张的商业伙伴。expansion是名词“扩张，扩展”。

（2）H 考查名词。根据句意：Arla签署了本月生效的合作联系人。contact是名词“联系人”。

（3）K 考查名词。根据句意：阿尔食品和蒙牛之间的交易可以被看作是跨国公司重新进入该行业的新突破。breakthrough是名词“突破”。

（4）I 考查形容词。分析句子可知此处用形容词修饰名词。根据句意：许多国外巨头发现国内牛奶市场难以创造可观利润considerable形容词“相当大的”。

（5）J 考查名词。这里指的是品牌企业，如Danone brand是名词“品牌”。

（6）F 考查动词。句意：惠氏在中国高端奶粉市场已经占据了主导地位。dominated是动词“控制”的过去分词。

（7）C 考查形容词。分析句子可知此处填形容词做定语，修饰time。根据句意：将密切关注市场，并在适当的时间重新投资。appropriate形容词“合适的”。

（8）E 考查动词。根据句意：该公司去年在天津合资企业撤资。withdrew是动词withdraw的过去分词“撤销，退回”。

（9）G 考查动词。根据句意：该公司已授权其中国合作伙伴继续经营。licensed是动词license的过去分词“许可，颁发执照”。

（10）A 考查名词。在中国市场通过其在香港的分公司。branch是名词“分支，分公司”。

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of competence（能力）. The idea that lies behind competence is quite simple: that one can state what people should do in behavioral terms, and then（1）______ whether a person has succeeded in meeting that task or not. We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not.（2）______, it is a debatable one. Humans do not learn or work in ways that can be measured by the（3）______ of competence. Take the example of a barista who is being trained to make coffee. The job title of  “barista”（4）______ a degree of skill in making coffee. However, baristas in large coffee chains are usually trained through（5）______ qualifications. One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a(n)（6）______ standard. It might have to achieve a certain taste and appearance. This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are two reasons why such an approach to training baristas does not（7）______.

First, the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary（二次元的）（8）______. The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot. If they happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the world, it does not matter, as competence-based training does not reward outstanding performance.（9）______, producing the worst cup of coffee would be a fail in the same way as producing a cup just below the standard. In fact, competence is not interested in the process of producing a coffee at all-only the final binary outcome.

Second, if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain（10）______, competence is not interested in why the barista can do that. But humans are not machines that（11）______ produce binary outcomes. We have bodies and minds which（12）______ through learning.

Yet we are increasingly forced to（13）______ competence in our schools and workplaces. We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes. If we want to be true human in our learning and our workplaces, we need to be（14）______ and special. Learning and innovation involve failure in aiming for something that is unusually good. Such things simply cannot be（15）______ by the standard of competence where the mediocre（平凡的）is the gold standard.

（1）

（2）

（3）

（4）

（5）

A.society-based

B.self-based

C.pleasure-based

D.competence-based

（6）

（7）

（8）

（9）

（10）

（11）

（12）

（13）

（14）

（15）

【答案】

C

D

B

A

D

A

B

C

D

C

B

A

D

C

A

【考点】

固定用法

高三

副词的辨析

动词辨析

动词基础

形容词辨析

社会文化

说明文完形

名词辨析

【解析】

作者质疑目前衡量能力的标准，认为这是一个有争议的概念。之后作者以咖啡师制作咖啡为例，说明所谓的标准都是二次元的结果，不能说明能力问题。人不是机器，身心都会随着学习而变化。通过创新学习以及失败来达成目的，是比较好的。而那些平均能力的标准根本不能衡量人的能力。

【解答】

（1）C 考查动词辨析。A. question质问；B. predict预测；C. measure衡量；D. confirm证实。根据下文We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not.可知能力背后的想法很简单：可以说出人们应该以什么样行为的方式去做，然后衡量一个人是否成功地完成了这项任务，故答案为C。

（2）D 考查固定用法。A. As a rule作为规定；B. As a whole总的来说；C. In other words总之；D. In fact 事实上。根据前文We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not.（2）______, it is a debatable one.可知事实上，这是充满争论的，故答案为D。

（3）B 考查名词辨析。根据前文Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of competence.可知人类学习或工作是不能用能力概念来衡量的，故答案为B。

（4）A 考查动词辨析。根据The job title of“barista”（4）______ a degree of skill in making coffee.可知“咖啡师”的职称表明了一定的咖啡制作技巧，故答案为A。

（5）D 考查形容词辨析。根据下文as competence-based training does not reward outstanding performance.可知，然而，大型咖啡连锁店的咖啡师通常通过基于能力的资格进行培训，故答案为D。

（6）A 考查形容词辨析。A. minimum最小化的；B. unique独一无二的；C. traditional传统的；D. international国际的。根据One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a(n)（6）______ standard.可知这些资格测试的一部分是制作达到最低标准一杯咖啡，故答案为A。

（7）B 考查动词辨析。根据This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are two reasons why such an approach to training baristas does not（7）______.可知这看起来可能是完全合理的，但有两个原因说明这种培训咖啡师的方法不起作用，故答案为B。

（8）C 考查名词辨析。根据下文only the final binary outcome可知一杯咖啡达到一定标准的是一个二元的结果，故答案为C。

（9）D 考查副词的辨析。根据下文producing the worst cup of coffee would be a fail in the same way as producing a cup just below the standard.可知同样，制作最差的一杯咖啡就像制作一个低于标准的咖啡一样失败，故答案为D。

（10）C 考查名词辨析。根据前文The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot.可知，其次，如果咖啡师确实按照某种标准生产咖啡，故答案为C。

（11）B 考查副词的辨析。A. typically典型地；B. simply简单地；C. cheaply 便宜地；D. occasionally偶尔地。根据But humans are not machines that（11）______ produce binary outcomes.可知但人类不是简单地产生二元结果的机器，故答案为B。

（12）A 考查动词辨析。根据We have bodies and minds which（12）______ through learning.可知，我们有身体和思想可以通过学习而改变，故答案为A。

（13）D 考查动词辨析。根据前文We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not.可知，然而，我们越来越被迫在我们的学校和工作场合去实现胜任能力，故答案为D。

（14）C 考查形容词辨析。A. common常见的；B. sociable社会的；C. creative创造的；D. mature  成熟的。根据下文Learning and innovation可知，如果我们想在我们的学习和工作场所成为真正的人，我们需要有创意和特别之处，故答案为C。

（15）A 考查动词辨析。根据Such things simply cannot be（15）______ by the standard of competence where the mediocre（平凡的）is the gold standard.可知，那些平均能力的标准根本不能衡量人的能力，故答案为A。

Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

    William Herschel was born on November 15th,  1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians． In 1757,  he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor． In 1772,  he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer． In their spare time the brother﹣sister team became occupied in astronomy． William died at his home in Slough,  near Windsor on August 25th, 1822,  and Caroline on September 1st, 1848．

    Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation （绕轴自转）． Herschel struck fame in 1781,  when on March 13th,  he discovered the planet Uranus （天王星） while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax （恒星视差）． This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times,  Herschel,  until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England,  became world﹣famous． Adopting a historically proven strategy,  Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum,  in honor of the then ruling English king George III． The trick worked once again,  as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of “The King’s Astronomer” and “Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”,  an honor which came with a life’s pension for both． In 1782 they moved to Bath,  and shortly thereafter to Slough,  and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy． The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787．

    While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful,  William became for a time interested in the Sun． Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work,  he put forth the theory of sunspot,  an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century． In 1800,  he became interested in the solar spectrum （太阳光谱）,  and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum,  in what is now known as the infrared （红外线）． In 1801,  he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather．

（1）Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by________．

A.discovering the planet Uranus．

B.determining stellar parallax．

C.discovering two moons of Uranus．

D.uncovering the evidence for the infrared．

（2）It can be inferred from the passage that George III________．

A.liked science and technology．

B.liked Herschel’s naming of the new planet．

C.was interested in astronomy．

D.gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions．

（3）What do we know about Caroline from the passage？________

A.She was successful in music．

B.She was titled “The King’s Astronomer”．

C.She died later than her brother．

D.She published two papers．

（4）This passage mainly tells readers________．

A.some information about Herschel and his sister．

B.how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet Uranus．

C.Herschel and Caroline got along well with each other．

D.Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publications．

【答案】

A

B

C

A

【考点】

阅读理解综合

【解析】

本文是一篇人物故事类阅读，文章主要介绍了威廉•赫歇尔于1738年11月15日出生在一个音乐家家庭．1757年，他逃到英国，开始以风琴手和后来的作曲家和指挥家的身份谋生．1772年，他说服妹妹卡罗琳加入他的歌手行列．在业余时间，兄弟姐妹的团队开始从事天文学．1822年8月25日，威廉在温莎的家中去世，1822年9月1日，卡洛琳去世．

【解答】

（1）A．细节理解题．根据“”Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation （绕轴自转）． Herschel struck fame in 1781， when on March 13th， he discovered the planet Uranus （天王星） while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax （恒星视差）．可知赫歇尔通过发现天王星，使自己闻名于世．故选A．

（2）B．细节理解题．根据“Adopting a historically proven strategy， Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum， in honor of the then ruling English king George III．”可知从这篇文章中可以推断出乔治三世喜欢赫歇尔对新行星的命名．故选B．

（3）C．推理判断题．根据“In 1782 they moved to Bath， and shortly thereafter to Slough， and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy． The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787．”可知Caroline她死得比她哥哥晚．故选C．

（4）A．推理判断题．根据“While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful， William became for a time interested in the Sun． Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work， he put forth the theory of sunspot， an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century”可知这篇文章主要告诉读者关于赫歇尔和他妹妹的一些信息．故选A．

    OSCAR THEATRE

    

（1）When booking by post ， you can pay for a ticket by________．

A.visiting the website of a post office．

B.going to your local bank in person．

C.enclosing your MasterCard in an envelope．

D.providing your credit card information．

（2）What benefit can bookers enjoy according to the text？________

A.A group of ten adults going to a performance can claim a discount．

B.A school party of 15 persons that book in advance pay﹩135 in total for a performance．

C.Someone accompanying a wheelchair user to a performance receives a discount．

D.An 18﹣year﹣old teenager is eligible for Saver discounts．

（3）According to the text，________ can get Standby tickets．

A.65﹣year﹣olds buying tickets an hour and a half before a performance begins．

B.full﹣time students buying tickets 45 minutes before a performance begins．

C.Theatre﹣goers who are unexpectedly unable to be present at a performance．

D.Anyone who buys tickets an hour before a performance begins．

【答案】

D

C

B

【考点】

完形综合

阅读理解综合

【解析】

文章介绍了OSCAR THEATRE的订票方式和折扣信息．

【解答】

（1）D．细节题：从文章的句子：Stating the performance and choice of seats， enclosing a cheque， postal order， or your credit card details to Oscar Theatre Box Office， PO Box 220， Main street．可以如果通过邮寄的方式购票的话，要提供信用卡信息，选D．

（2）C．细节题：从文章的句子：Supersaver： half﹣price seats are available for people with disabilities and one companion． 可知陪伴一个使用轮椅的人一起来的人可以得到打折，选C．

（3）B．细节题：从文章的句子：Savers are available for children up to 16 years old， over 60s and full﹣time students．和best available seats are on sale for $6 from one hour before the performance for people eligible（有资格的） for Saver可知全职的学生在表演开始前45分钟买票的可以买到备用票，选B．

    Here’s the scary thing about the identity﹣theft ring that the feds cracked last week:  there was nothing any of its estimated 40, 000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening． This was an inside job,  according to court documents． A lowly help﹣desk worker at Teledata Communications,  a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online,  allegedly （据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at﹩60 a pop． That allowed the gang to cherry﹣pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names． Cost to the victims:  ﹩3 million and rising．

    Even scarier is that this,  the largest identity﹣theft bust to date,  is just a drop in the bit bucket． More than 700, 000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year． It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets． A name,  address and Social Security number﹣﹣which can often be found on the Web﹣﹣is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus（伪造的）line of credit． Credit companies make﹩1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue（收入）to fraud,  so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure． As it stands now,  it’s up to you to protect your identity．

    The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take． Most credit thieves are opportunists,  not well﹣organized gangs． A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre﹣approved” credit﹣card mailings that go out every day． Others steal wallets and return them,  taking only a Social Security number． Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later．

    But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year． There are three major credit﹣report outfits:  Equifax （at equifax．com）,  Trans﹣Union （www．transunion．com） and Experian （experian．com）． All allow you to order reports online,  which is a lot better than wading through voice﹣mail hell on their 800 lines． Of the three,  I found TransUnion’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive﹣﹣laying out state﹣by﹣state prices,  rights and tips for consumers in easy﹣to﹣read fashion．

    If you’re lucky enough to live in Colorado,  Georgia,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  New Jersey or Vermont,  you are entitled to one free report a year by law． Otherwise it’s going to cost ﹩8 to ﹩14 each time． Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year﹣round for about﹩70;  that’s﹩10 more than the going rate among thieves． If you think you’re a victim of identity theft,  you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit﹣report companies． You can also download a theft﹣report form at www．consumer．gov/idtheft,  which,  along with a local police report,  should help when irate creditors come knocking． Just don’t expect justice． That audacious help﹣desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught．

（1）The expression “inside job”（Line 2， Paragraph 1）most probably means________．

A.a crime committed by a person working for the victim．

B.a crime that should be punished severely．

C.a crime that does great harm to the victim．

D.a crime that poses a great threat to the society．

（2）You can protect your identity in the following way except________．

A.destroying your junk mail．

B.leaving your Social Security card at home．

C.visiting the credit﹣report website regularly．

D.obtaining the free report from the government．

（3）It is easy to have credit﹣theft because________．

A.More people are using credit service．

B.The application program is not safe enough．

C.Creditors usually disclose their identity．

D.Creditors are not careful about their identity．

（4）The best title of the text is________．

A.The danger of credit﹣theft．

B.The loss of the creditors．

C.How to protect your good name．

D.Why the creditors lose their identity．

【答案】

A

D

B

C

【考点】

阅读理解综合

【解析】

本文通过信息犯罪的消息报道了由于个人信息丢失而损失钱财的问题，告诉人们采取什么样的措施来保护自己的信息不被盗用．

【解答】

（1） A． 推理判断题．根据下文的解释A lowly help﹣desk worker at Teledata Communications， a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online， allegedly （据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at﹩60 a pop．Teledata Communications是帮助银行访问网上信用报告的软件公司，它的工作人员窃取了这些报告的密码，并把它们卖给盗窃团伙，所以可以推断inside job为受害人工作的人员犯罪．所以答案选A．

（2） D．细节理解题． 根据句子Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later．可见A选项销毁垃圾邮件和把社会保障卡放在家里是保护方法；可知B选项正确；is to check your credit reports once or twice a year．可见要定期访问信用报告网站C选项正确；只有D选项文章没有提到，所以答案选D．

（3） B．推理判断题．根据句子 Credit companies make﹩1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue（收入）to fraud，so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure信用公司每年赚1兆3000亿英镑，损失不到诈骗收入的2%，所以他们没有什么经济动机能让申请过程更安全．可见应用程序不够安全是造成信用丢失的原因．所以答案选B．

（4） C．标题归纳题．本文主要写了由于个人信息丢失而损失钱财的问题，告诉人们采取什么样的措施来保护自己的信息不被盗用．所以答案选C．

Section C Directions： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 

Ways to Be More Efficient

Not all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination（拖延）?

I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.

Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.

Do it attentively（1）______ Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scrubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.

Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house.

（2）______ When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it（this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part）. Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.

Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task（3）______ I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.

（4）______ Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.



A. When you are done with your task then reward yourself.

B. Make sure you only rest for 10 minutes.

C. Or you can work harder and start an even bigger project.

D. Set a kitchen timer and say to yourself that you only have to do this work   for 10 minutes.

E. When you sort papers, do the laundry or do the dishes, be fully there.

F. You don’t always have to do just one thing at a time in silence.  

【答案】

E,D,F,A

【考点】

说明文六选四

高三

【解析】

本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了不是所有的任务都是鼓舞人心的，有趣的或令人兴奋的。但你还是得洗这些盘子，在工作或学习时处理这些日常琐事。那么，你能做些什么来避免在拖延症中迷失呢？

【解答】

（1）E 根据Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scrubbing it and nothing else.“把100%的注意力集中在你所有的感觉上——它的感觉、外表和嗅觉——就像你在擦洗它一样”可知，此处应填当你整理文件，洗衣服或洗碗的时候，要充分地在那里。故选E。

（2）D 根据When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like It.“当计时器响起的时候，你可以继续这样做”可知，此处应填设置一个厨房定时器，告诉自己你只需要做这个工作10分钟。故选D。

（3）F 根据I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.“我经常在家里洗盘子或做其他日常工作时听音乐或看《辛普森一家》的一集”可知，此处应填“你不必每次只做一件事而保持沉默”。故选F。

（4）A 根据Take a walk in the sun.“在阳光下散步”可知，此处应填“当你完成任务后，奖励自己”。故选A。

IV. Summary Writing

Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．

Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live， we must communicate with other people． A great deal of communicating is performed on a person﹣to﹣person basis by the simple means of speech． If we travel in buses， buy things in shops， or eat in restaurants， we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions， receive news or comment and very likely have our views challenged by other members of society．

Face﹣to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of current society． Two things， above others， have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry． Firstly， inventiveness has led to advances in printing， telecommunications， photography， radio and television． Secondly， speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news， which itself is often almost eclipsed （失去优势） by international news．

No longer is the possession of information restricted to a wealthy minority． In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate， but today there are public libraries． Forty years ago， people used to go to the cinema， but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being channeled into millions of homes．

Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information． The modern communication influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information， education and entertainment． The printing， broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing， educating and entertaining．

________

【答案】

The passage talks about some changes of communication． First， the art of mass communication promoted by inventiveness and speed is one of the determining factors in the form of communication． Second， the possession of information belongs to the masses， not wealthy minority only． Third， modern communication is crucial to people’s lifestyle and broadens people’s horizons．

【考点】

提纲类

【解析】

写好这类作文要注意几个步骤：1． 认真审题，找准提示语中的关键词或句，确定中心思想．2． 依据关键句，草拟提纲，梳理文章的脉络3． 准确定位人称、时态．注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．4．最后还要认真查验是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等

高分句型一：

First， the art of mass communication promoted by inventiveness and speed is one of the determining factors in the form of communication．

首先，由创造性和速度促成的大众传播的艺术是交流形式形成的一个决定因素．

该句包含过去分词短语promoted by inventiveness and speed作后置定语，修饰名词communication；the form of communication交流形式，沟通形式．

高分句型二：

Third， modern communication is crucial to people’s lifestyle and broadens people’s horizons．

第三，现代交流对于人们的生活方式来说是很关键的，并且能够扩展人们的视野．

本句为一个主系表结构的句子，be crucial to对……至关重要．

【解答】

The passage talks about some changes of communication． First， the art of mass communication promoted by inventiveness and speed is one of the determining factors in the form of communication．（高分句型一） Second， the possession of information belongs to the masses， not wealthy minority only． Third， modern communication is crucial to people’s lifestyle and broadens people’s horizons．（高分句型二）

V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

（1）应该采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。（stop）

（2）在澳大利亚期间，他养成了每天和父母视频通话的习惯。（habit）

（3）与成年人相比，年轻人更容易犯错误是因为他们不够成熟，缺少经验。（likely）

（4）近年来，电子白板系统应高效灵活地运用于课堂教学的想法已被广泛接受，难道不是吗？（idea） 

【答案】

（1）Measures/ Steps/action（s）should be taken to stop new viruses（from）spreading.,（2）He developed/ formed/got into the habit of making video calls with his parents during his stay in Australia.,（3）Compared with adults, young people are more likely to make mistakes for their immaturity and lack of experience.,（4）In recent years, the idea that electronic whiteboard system should be applied to classroom teaching efficiently and flexibly has been widely accepted, hasn’t it?

【考点】

高三

被动语态

汉译英

状语从句

动名词

情态动词

【解析】

（1）应该采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。 

（2）在澳大利亚期间，他养成了每天和父母视频通话的习惯。 

（3）与成年人相比，年轻人更容易犯错误是因为他们不够成熟，缺少经验。 

（4）近年来，电子白板系统应高效灵活地运用于课堂教学的想法已被广泛接受，难道不是吗？ 

【解答】

（1）Measures/Steps/action（s）should be taken to stop new viruses（from）spreading.； Measures/Steps/action（s）与take之间是动宾关系，要用情态动词的被动语态；stop …（from）doing sth 意为“阻止……做某事”，此处动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。

（2）He developed/ formed/got into the habit of making video calls with his parents during his stay in Australia. ；develop/ form/get into the habit of意为形成……的习惯，根据时间状语during his stay in Australia，要用一般过去时态；make video calls意为“视频通话”，在介词of后接动名词形式。

（3）Compared with adults, young people are more likely to make mistakes for their immaturity and lack of experience. ；compare with意为“与……相比”；be likely to意为“可能的，要发生的，有倾向的”，后接动词原形，因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；3. make mistakes意为“犯错误”；4. lack of意为“缺乏”。

（4）In recent years, the idea that electronic whiteboard system should be applied to classroom teaching efficiently and flexibly has been widely accepted, hasn’t it?；idea后接that引导的同位语从句that electronic whiteboard system should be applied to classroom teaching efficiently and flexibly；apply to意为“运用”，因与system之间是动宾关系，用情态动词的被动语态；3. 根据时间状语In recent years，accept强调对现在造成的结果或影响，用现在完成时的被动语态单数形式。

VI. Guided Writing

Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．

假如你叫李华，你们学校将组织高三毕业典礼，并在校园网上公布了如下方案，征求师生意见．写一封邮件给活动组织者，内容须包括：

❶ 你认为方案中哪些地方需要改进，并提出修改建议；

❷ 你的理由．

________

________

________

________

________

________

【答案】

Dear organizer，,As we all know， our school will organize the Graduation Ceremony of Senior Three， andhas put out the following program on the campus network to seek for advice from teachers and students．,First， the theme of the ceremony is "goodbye， Alma Mater， which will be held at 3：00 p．m． on May 31， 2018 （Thursday） First， the headmaster will make a speech， after which some certificates will be presented． At last，we can enjoy the students’ performance．,In my opinon， the students’ performance should be replaced by the students’ speeches in that these speeches will inspire us to move on．,Yours，,Li Hua

【考点】

图表类

【解析】

高分句型一：

First， the headmaster will make a speech， after which some certificates will be presented．

译文：首先校长会做一个演讲，之后会颁发一些证书．

分析：after which引导非限制性定语从句．

高分句型二：

In my opinon， the students’ performance should be replaced by the students’ speeches in that these speeches will inspire us to move on．

译文：在我看来，学生的表演应该被学生的演讲所代替，因为这些演讲将激励我们继续前进．

分析：这句话使用in that引导原因状语从句．

【解答】

Dear organizer，

As we all know， our school will organize the Graduation Ceremony of Senior Three， and has put out the following program on the campus network to seek for advice from teachers and students．（引出话题）

First， the theme of the ceremony is "goodbye， Alma Mater， which will be held at 3：00 p．m． on May 31， 2018 （Thursday） First， the headmaster will make a speech， after which some certificates will be presented．（高分句型一） At last， we can enjoy the students’ performance．（介绍活动情况）

In my opinon， the students’ performance should be replaced by the students’ speeches in that these speeches will inspire us to move on．（高分句型二）（给出建议和理由）

Yours，

Li Hua