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◆文化教育类
圣才电子书
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
第2章阅读理解A节（多项选择）
Passage1ThinkofthesolitudefeltbyMarieSmithbeforeshediedearlierthisyearinhernativeAlaska,at89.ShewasthelastpersonwhoknewthelanguageoftheEyakpeopleasamother-tongue.OrimagineNedMandrell,whodiedin1974—hewasthelastnativespeakerofManx,similartoIrishandScotsGaelic.Boththesepeoplehadthecomfortofbeingsurrounded,someofthetime,byenthusiastswhoknewsomethingpreciouswasvanishingandtriedtorecordandlearnwhatevertheycouldofavanishingtongue.Inremotepartsoftheworld,dozensmorepeopleareonthepointoftakingtotheirstavesasystemofcommunicationthatwillneverberecordedorreconstructed.Doesitmatter?Plentyoflanguages—amongthemAkkadian,Etruscan,TangutandChibcha—havegonethewayofthedodo,withoutcausingmuchtroubletoposterity.Shouldanyonelosesleepoverthefactthatmanytongues—fromManchu(spokeninChinatoHua(BotswanaandGwich’in(Alaska—areindangerofsufferingasimilarfate?Comparedwithgroupswholobbytosaveanimalsortrees,campaignerswholobbytopreservelanguagesarethemselvesararebreed.Buttheyaretryingbothtomitigateandpubliciseanalarmingaccelerationintherateatwhichlanguagesarevanishing.Ofsome6,900tonguesspokenintheworldtoday,some50%to90%1/65

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圣才电子书
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
couldbegonebytheendofthecentury.InAfrica,atleast300languagesareinnear-termdanger,and200morehavediedrecentlyorareonthevergeofdeath.Some145languagesarethreatenedinEastandSouth-EastAsia.Somelanguages,evenrobustones,faceanobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpowerbentonimposingamajoritytongue.AyoungsterinanypartoftheSovietUnionsoonrealisedthatwhateveryouspokeathome,masteringRussianwasthekeytosuccess;citizensofChinafacesimilarpressuretofocusonMandarin,themainChinesedialect.NordidEnglishreachitspresentglobalstatuswithoutruthlesstactics.Inyearspast,Americans,CanadiansandAustralianstooknativechildrenawayfromtheirfamiliestoberaisedatboardingschoolswhereEnglishrules.InalltheCelticfringesoftheBritishIslestherearebittermemoriesofchildrenbeingpunishedforspeakingthewronglanguage.Butinanageofmasscommunications,thethreatstolinguisticdiversityarelessdraconianandmorespontaneous.Parentsstopusingtraditionaltongues,thinkingitwillbebetterfortheirchildrentogrowupusingadominantlanguage(suchasSwahiliinEastAfricaoraglobalone(suchasEnglish,MandarinorSpanish.Andevenifparentstrytokeeptheoldspeechalive,theireffortscanbedoomedbyfilmsandcomputergames.(此文选自TheEconomist2008年刊

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,MarieSmith’ssolituderesultsfromthefactthat
.2/65

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圣才电子书
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
[A]shelivesaloneandnooneaccompaniesher.[B]peoplearoundhercouldnotunderstandherlanguage.[C]sheisthelastpersonhavingEyakasmother-tongue.[D]asanativeAlaska,shelivesfarawayfromthatplace.2.Whatdocampaignerswholobbytopreservelanguagesdotosaveendangeredlanguages?[A]Takemeasurestoslowdownlanguages’vanishingrate.[B]Trytomakeknownlanguages’acceleratingvanishingrate.[C]Tryalltheirouttorecordandreconstructthevanishinglanguages.[D]Slowdownlanguages’vanishingrateandmeanwhilemakeitknown.3.Inparagraphs4and5theauthordiscussesthat.[A]masteringRussianisthekeytosuccessintheSovietUnion.[B]citizensofChinashouldfocusontheacquisitionofMandarin.[C]Englishreachesitspresentglobalstatusasaworldlanguage.[D]languagesfaceobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpower.4.Whatdoestheauthorfeelaboutthevanishinglanguagesthroughouttheworld?[A]Concerned.[B]Indifferent.[C]Pleased.
[D]Sympathetic.5.Inthefuture,thenumberoflanguageswill.[A]stopdecreasing.[B]begintoincrease.[C]continuetodecrease.3/65

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[D]stopincreasing.【答案解析】
圣才电子书
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
1.C事实细节题。根据题干关键词MarieSmith提示定位至第一段。由本段第二句ShewasthelastpersonwhoknewthelanguageoftheEyakpeopleasamother-tongue.可知首句中solitude指除了她之外没有掌握埃亚克人母语的人了，故C正确；A文中未提及；B干扰最大，文中讲到她是最后一位掌握埃亚克人母语的人，但并不意味着没人懂她的语言，而且由后文可知她和周围人是可以交流的，故排除；D文中未提及。
2.D事实细节题。根据关键词campaignerswholobbytopreservelanguages定位至第三段。该段中提到这些人theyaretryingbothtomitigateandpubliciseanalarmingaccelerationintherateatwhichlanguagesarevanishing.可知他们正试图降低语言加速消亡的速度，同时使语言加速消亡的现象为公众所知，D为正确答案。
3.D主旨大意题。根据题干提示定位至第四、五段。第四段首句Somelanguages,evenrobustones,faceanobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpowerbentonimposingamajoritytongue.接下来以俄语、汉语和英语为例证明政治倾向对语言流行的影响，因而正确答案是D。A、B和C都是文中的细节，支撑首句论点，排除。4.A观点态度题。根据文中作者的选词造句判断。文中首先出现solitude，然后反问指，当面临语言消失的问题时人们所采取的措施是否见效？人们是否该失眠？这些为保存语言进行游说的人是ararebreed，后又讲到政治对语言流行的obviousthreat，这些词充分体现了作者对消失的语言是非常关心的态度，故A正确，排除B、C和D。5.C
推理判断题。推测语言发展的趋势，这要综合全文进行判断。文章首先讲到某些语言4/65

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圣才电子书
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
正在消失，然后讲到人们试图降低近年来语言加速消失的速度，以及政治威胁着某些语言的存在和在大众传播工具盛行的时代语言多样化更自发地受到威胁，这说明语言的多样性将会保持继续减少的趋势，所以正确答案是C。

Passage2Let’sbefrank:collegecanbetough.Accordingtoa2007studybytheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation,43percentofstudentsreportedhavingfelt“sodepresseditwasdifficulttofunction”atleastonceintheprioryear.Otherstudies,