2019高考英语考前冲刺精选：阅读理解（4）

A

Haikou:AsharkwaskilledafterbeingdraggedtoshoreatYa-longBerthbeachinSanya,SouthChina'sHainanProvince,onSundayafternoon.

Itwasthefirsttimeasharkhadbeencaughtinthebeacharea,apopulartouristsiteinHainan.

Localfishermensaidtheycaughtthe3-meter-long,1-tonsharkbychancewhentheywerefishinginseawater1,000me-tresdeepnearthebeach.

Policetemporarily(暂时的)protectedthesharkwhileoceanographersdecidedwhetheritwasaspeciesbelongingtoStateprotection.

FishermenlaterkilledandsoldthesharkafteroceanographersconfirmedthatitwasawhalesharkandthereforenotunderStateprotection.

ThesharkwasbelievedtohavedriftedintotheareafromthedeepseaduetostrongwavescausedlastweekbyTyphoonImbudo.Ithadnoopeninjuriesbutexpertssaidtheybelieveditsufferedfrominternal(内部的)bleeding.

LocalpoliceofficerFuChenggengsaidbeachgoersshouldnotfeelthreatenedbysharksbecausethefishneverattackhumanbeingsontheirowninitiative.FusaidhehadneverheardofanysharkattacksattheSanyabeachsincehefirststartedworkthereeightyearsago.

However,policesaidtheywillimprovethesecuritysystemtosafeguardtourists'safetyonthebeach.1.Theunderlinedword“confirmed”probablymeans________.

A.saidB.believedC.thoughtD.madesure

答案:D指导：关键词oceanographer指“海洋学者”，所以that从句后的内容是专家确定的内容。

B

WhenIwasabout12,Ihadanenemy,agirlwholikedtopointoutmyshortcomings.

Weekbyweekherlistgrew;Iwasverythin;Iwasn'tagoodstudent.Italkedtoomuch;Iwastooproud,andsoon.ItriedtobearalltheseaslongasIcould.Atlast,Ibecameveryangry.Irantomyfatherwithtearsinmyeyes.

Helistenedtomequietly.Thenheasked,“Arethethingsshesaystrueornot?Janet,didn'tyoueverwonderwhatyouarereallylike?Well,younowhavethatgirl'sopinion.Goandmakealistofeverythingshesaidandmarkthepointsthataretrue.Paynoattentiontotheotherthingsshesaid.

Ididashetoldme.Tomygreatsurprise,Idiscoveredthatabouthalfthethingsweretrue.SomeofthemIcouldn'tchangelikebeingverythin,butagoodnumberIcouldandsuddenlyIwantedtochange.ForthefirsttimeIgotafairlyclearpictureofmyself.

IbroughtthelistbacktoDaddy.Herefusedtotakeit.”That'sjustforyou,“hesaid.”Youknowbetterthananyone,thetruthaboutyourself.Butyouhavetolearntolisten,notjustcloseyourearsinangerandfeelinghurt.Whensomethingsaidaboutyouistrue,you'llfinditwillbeofhelptoyou.Ourworldisfullofpeoplewhothinktheyknowyourduty.Don'tshutyourears.Listentothemall,butbearthetruthanddowhatyouknowistherightthingto~to.“

Daddy'sadvicehasreturnedtomeatmanyimportantmoments.Inmylife,I'veneverhadabetterpieceofadvice.

1.Whatdoes”Weekbyweekherlistgrew“mean?

A.Weekbyweek,myshortcomingsgrewmoreserious

B.Shemadealistofmyshortcomingsandkeptonaddingnewonestoit.

C.Iwashavingmoreandmoreshortcomingsastimewenton.

D.Shediscoveredmoreshortcomingsofmineandpointedthemouttome.

答案:D指导：从文中第一句话和”Weekbyweekherlistgrow”后的一句话知D选项为最正确选项。

C

Bondhadwalkedforonlyafewminuteswhenitsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathewasbeingfollowed.Therewasnoevidenceforitexceptaslightheadacheandalittleknowingthepeoplenearhimbutbelievedinhissixthsenseandheatoncestoppedinfrontoftheshopwindowhewaspassingandlookedoccasionallybackalong46thstreet.Nothingbutalotofmiscellaneouspeoplemovingslowlyonthesidewalks,mostlyonthesamesideashimself,thesidethatwasbackfromthesun.Therewasnosuddenmovementintoadoorway,nobodywipinghisfacewithahandkerchieftoavoidrecognition,nobodybendingdowntotieashoelace.

HewentonandturnedintotheAvenueoftheAmericans,stoppinginthe-firstdoorway,theentrancetoawoman'sun-derwearstorewhereamaninabluehatwithhisbacktohimwasexaminingtheblackfacepaintsonaparticularlyrealisticdummy(模型)

Andthensomethinggraspedhisarmandavoicecame,“Allright,Limey.Takeiteasyunlessyouwantleadforlunch.”andhefeltsomethingpressintohisbackjustabovethekidney.Therewasatapashisfistwascaughtintheotherman'slefthand,andatthesametimeasthecontacttelegraphedtoBond'smindthattherecouldhavebeennogun,

therecamethewellrememberedlaughterandthelazyvoicesaying,“Nogood,James.Theangleshavegotyou.'

BondstraightenedhimselfslowlyandforamomenthecouldonlygazeintothesmilingfaceofFelixLeiterwithblanddisbelief,hisbuilt-uptension(紧张)slowlyrelaxing.

”Soyouweredoingafronttail,youbastard?'hefinallysaid.

1.Whatdidthemanmeanbysaying“Takeiteasyunlessyouwantleadforlunch”?

A.Putupyourhands.

B.Don'tmoveorI'llshootyou.

C.Ifyouwanttohavelunch,youmustlistentome.

D.Yougofirstslowlyandwe'llhavelunchtogether.

答案:B指导：从上下文知，Bond当时以为是枪顶着他的后背，故推知本句决非本义。lead指子弹。

D

Plagiarismisoneofthemostseriousproblemsinschoolsandcolleges.Ithasoccurredaslongastherehavebeenteachersandstudents,buttherecentgrowthoftheIntemethasmadeitmuchworse.Recentstudiesshow30%ofallstudentsmaybeplagiarizingoneverywrittenhomeworkthey'vedone.Whatisplagiarism?Itisusingothers'ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom.

Thewaystoavoidplagiarismare.

*Putinquotations(引号)everythingthatcomesdirectlyfromthetext.

*Paraphrase(转述),butbesureyouaren'tjustrearrangingorreplacingafewwords.Instead,readoverwhatyou'llparaphrasecarefully;closethetextsothatyoucan'tseeanyofit;andwriteouttheideaquicklyinyourownwords.Thencheckyourparaphrasetomakesureyouhaven'taccidentallyusedthesameexpressions.

InUSandUKuniversities,plagiarismisconsideredascheatingordishonestywithpunishmentfromazeroforthehomeworktoafailinggradeforthesubject,toalossofallgradesforthattermoranexpel(开除)fromtheuniversityforatleasttwoterms.

SeveralmethodsaretakeninUSuniversitiestostopstudents'plagiarizingonline,Somecollegesareexperimentingwithaprogramthatcancontrolthecomputer'soperatingsystemduringthetest.Teachersalsogotowww.tumitin,comtocatchcheaters.However,studentsneedtobemadeclearofthereasonwhyplagiarizingiswrong.

1.Theword“plagiarism”means________.

A.cheatingintheexams

B.puttingothers'wordsinquotations

C.rewritingothers'articles

D.stealingothers'ideasorwords

答案:D指导：由第一段最后一句“Whatisplagiarism?hisusingothers'ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom“可知D正确。

E

Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-bloodeddesertanimalshavewaystoescapethedesertheat.Warm-bloodeddesertanimals,suchasratsandmice,restduringtheday,oftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.Atnighttheysearchforfood.Animalsthatareoutduringtheday,suchascold-bloodedlizardsandsnakes,areactiveonlyforshortperiods.Astheirbodytem-peraturerises,thesereptilesmoveintotheshadeinordertocooldown.Intheearlyevening,whenthesungrowsweaker,thereptilesbecomemoreactiveandbegintheirsearchforfoodagain.

Gettingenoughwatertosurviveisamajorproblemforalldesertanimals.Somedesertanimals,likedesertbirds,managetofindwaterholes.Otherdesertanimals,suchasthekangarooratandtherelatedjerboa,getwateronlyfromthefoodthattheyeat.Becausetheseanimalseatmainlydryseeds,theymustsurviveonatinyamountofwater.

Mostdesertshaveonlyasmallnumberoffrogsandtoadsbecausetheseanimalsmustbenearwatertosurvive.Yeteventhesecreatureshaveadapted(适应)todesertconditions.Whensmallamountsofwatercollectintemporarystreams,thedesert-livingfrogsandtoadsbecomeactive.Afterarainfall,theylaytheireggs.Theeggsgrowintotadpolesinafewdaysandintoadultsinjustfourweeks,whenthepuddles(7](t7i;)dryup,theadultfrogsortoadsdigintotheground.Theirmetabolism(新陈代谢)slows,andtheystaybeneaththegrounduntilthenextrain,whichmaybeasgoodasayearaway.Untilthen,theirbodilyactivitiescontinueatareducedrate.

Thecamel--oftencalledtheshipofthedesert--isoneofthemostsuccessfuldesertanimals.Camelscangoforlongpe-riodswithoutwater,buteventuallytheymustdrink.Whenwaterbecomesavailabletothemafteralongdrought,theymaydrink95litersofwaterormore.Whenwaterisnotavailable,whathelpscamelssurvivethedesertheatisthefatstoredintheirhumps(驼峰).Acamel'shumpcontainsabout12kilogramsoffat.Fatisrichinhydrogen.Asthefatisdigested,hydrogenfromthefatcombineswithoxygenintheairthatthecamelbreathes.TheresultisH20,orwater.Eachkilogramoffatthatacameldigestsproducesaboutaliterofwater.

1.Desertanimalsareusuallymoreactiveatnightbecause.

A.itiscooleratnight

B.itiseasiertofindwater

C.theylikethedark

D.theyarelesslikelytobeattackedatnight

答案：A指导：文章的首句：“Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-bloodeddesertanimalshavewaystoescapethedesertheat、”A项与此信息吻合。

2.Whichofthefollowingdesertanimalscangetwateronly

fromthefood?

A.ThecamelB.Thekangaroo

C.ThefrogD.Therat.

答案：B指导：第二段：“Otherdesertanimals，suchasthekangatooratandrelatedjerboa，getwateronlyfromthefoodthattheyeat、”本句明确告知B项是正确的。注意：D项therat指的是“田鼠”。

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Allthedesertanimalsrestduringtheday.

B.Allthedesertanimalsdon'trestduringtheday.

C.Coldbloodeddesertanimalsareoutmostoftheday.

D.Noneofthecold-bloodeddesertanimalsgooutduringtheday.

答案：B指导：注意本句的意思是：并不是所有的沙漠动物都在白天休息。而不是所有的沙漠动物都不在白天休息。

4.Thetitleforthispassagecouldprobablybe_________.

A.HotDeserts

B.DesertAnimals

C.HowDesertAnimalsGetWater

D.WaysToEscapetheDesertHeat

答案：B指导：本文正是介绍“沙漠动物”的。

5.Theunderlinedword”burrows“inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby_______

A.holesB.cavesC.roomsD.openings

答案：A指导：根据常识和burrows之前的underground一词可以作出判断。

F

WithfifteenyearsBritainandothernationsshouldbewellonwiththebuildingofhugeindustrialcomplexesoftherecyclingofwaste.Theword”rubbish“couldloseitsmeaningbe-causeeverythingwhichgoesintothedumpswouldbemadeintosomethinguseful.Eventhemostdangerousandunpleasantwasteswouldprovideenergyifnothingelse.

ThelatestprojectistotakeacityofaroundhalfamillioncitizensanddiscoverexactlywhatrawmaterialsgointoitandwhatgoOut.Theaimistofindouthowmuchoftheserawmaterialscouldbeprovidedifaplantforrecyclingwastewerebuiltjustoutsidethecity.Thisplantwouldrecyclenotonlymetalsuchassteel,leadandcopper,butalsopaperandrubberaswell.

Anothernew-projectisbeingsetuptodiscoverthebestwayofsortingandseparatingtherubbish.Whenthisprojectiscomplete,therubbishwillbeprocessedlikethis:First,itwillPassthroughsharpmetalbarswhichwilltearopentheplasticbagsinwhichrubbishisusuallypacked;thenitwillpassthroughapowerfulfantoseparatethelightestelementsfromtheheavysolids;afterthatfoundersandrollerswillbreakupeverythingthatcanbebroken.Finally.therubbishwillpassundermagnets(磁铁),whichwillremovethebitsofironandsteel;therubberandplasticwillthenbesortedoutinthefinalstage.

Thefirstfull-sizegiantrecyclingplantsareperhapsfifteenyearsaway.Indeed,withthegrowingcostoftransportingrubbishtomoredistantdumps,somebigcitieswillbeforcedtobuildtheirownrecyclingplantsbeforelong.

1.Theunderlinedpart”shouldbewellonwith“(Para.1)mostprobablymeans__________.

A.completeB.getreadytostart

C.achieveagreatdealinD.putanendto

答案：C指导：由下文介绍的关于回收利用废品的情况可以推断出来：bewellonwithsth.的意思是：achieveagreatdealinsth、在某方面有很大成就。

2.WhatisnotmentionedasapartoftherecyclingprocessdescribedinParagraph3?

A.Breakingupwhateverisbreakable.

B.Sharpeningmetalbars.

C.Separatinglightelementsfromtheheavyones.

D.Sortingoutsmallpiecesofmetal.

答案：B指导：原文中的信息是：First，讧willpassthroughsharpmetalbarswhichwilltearopentheplasticbags、、、而B项提供的信息却是“将铁条弄尖”。

3.What'sthemainreasonforbigcitiestobuildtheirownrecyclingplants?

A.Todealwithwastesinabetterway.

B.Toprotecttheenvironmentfrompollution.

C.Togetrawmaterialslocally.

D.Tomakemuchmoneyfromthoseplants.

答案：C指导：从最后一段”WiththegrowingCOStoftransportingrubbishtomoredistantdumps(随着把垃圾运到遥远的垃圾场的费用增加)”可以推断出，在大城市当地处理垃圾可以节省运费。

4.Thepassageismainlyabout_______

A.acheapwaytogetenergy

B.theplaceofrecyclingplants

C.newwaysofrecyclingwastes

D.theprobabilityofcityenvironment

答案：B指导：结合全文和第二段可以作出判断。

G

Whenseveraldifferentpeoplelookatthesameperson,itisnotunusualforeachofthemtoseedifferentthings;whenyoualoneobserveonebehaviororonepersonattwodifferenttimes,youmayseedifferentthings.Thefollowingareaboutsomeofthefactorsthatleadtothesedifferentsenses.

(1)Eachperson'ssensesofothersareformedbyhisorherownculturalcondition,education,andpersonalexperiences.

(2)Sometimessensesdifferbecauseofwhatwechoosetoobserveandhowwedealwithwhatwe'veobserved.Itisnotnecessarilytruethatpersonsenseisbasedonobservationsofaparticularperson.Yourobservationsmaybetotallycontrolledbywhatothershavetoldyouaboutthisperson:oryoumaycentermainlyonthesituationorrolerelationship.Mostpeopledonotusethesamestandardtomeasuretheirparents,theirfriends,andstrangers.

(3)Sometimesweseeonlywhatwewanttoseeordon'tseewhatmaybeobvioustoothersbecauseofourownneeds,desires,ortemporaryemotionalstates.Thisisaprocessknownasselectivesense.Selectivesenseisobviouslymoredif-ficultwhencontradictory(矛盾的)informationisparticularlyobvious,butitcanbedone.Wecanignore(忽略)thestimulus“He'sbasicallyagoodboysowhatIsawwasnotshoplifting.

”Wecanreducetheimportanceofthecontradictoryinformation“Allkidsgetintonaughtyhehavior.Takingabookfrombookstoreisn'tsuchabigdeal.”WecanchangethemeaningofthecontradictoryinformationItwasn'tshopliftingbecausehewasgoingtopayforitlater.“

l.Thefirstfactorgivenbytheauthorthataffectsoursenseis_________.

A.theabilitiesofone'shearingandseeingsensors

B.culturalbackgroundandpersonalexperiences

C.experiencesonelearnsfromothers

D.criticalmeasurestakenbyotherpeople

答案：B指导：由第一因素就是”culturalconditionandpersonalexperiences“可知B为最正确选项。

2.Whileobservingaparticularperson,

A.Oneixlikelytotalkallaspectsintoconsideration

B.Otiepaysmoreattentionto}lis,heradvantages

C.childrenoftendifferfromgrownupsinsense

D.onetendstochoosecertaincues(提示)tolookfor

答案：D指导：据文中第一段最后一句“有几个因素导致不同的感觉”，另外，由第二个因素中第三句”controlledbywhatothershavetoldyouaboutthisperson“可知D为最正确选项。

3.Observationofthesamepersonbytwopeopleatthesamerimemaydifferbecause_______.

A.theirmeasuringstandardsarcnotthesame

B.eitherofthemmaybeslowtocatchinformation

C.thetimeforobservationisnotlongenough

D.eachofthemusesdifferentlanguagetoexpresshisherimpressions

答案：A指导：据作者给出的三个因素：①据自己的文化背景和切身经历；②我们所看到的和我们处理所看到东西的方法；③我们自己切身需要。所以A为正确选项，不同人的不同标准。

4.Theunderlinedword”stimulus“inParagraph4refersto_________.

A.somethingattractive

B.selectivesense

C.contradictoryinformation

D.shoplifting

答案：C指导：据文中倒数第五句“Whencontradictoryinformationisparticularlyobvious，butitcanbedone”和后面所举的例子，“如果一个好孩子在书店中偷书……”可知C项为最正确选项，忽视矛盾性的重要性。

H

Technologyhasbeenanencouragementofhistoricalchange.ItactedassuchaforceinEnglandheginningintheeighteenthcentury,andacrosstheentireWesternWorldinthenineteenth.Rapidadvancesweremadeintheuseofscientificfindingsinthemanufacture(制造)ofgoods,whichhangedideasaboutwork.Oncofthefirstchangeswasthatotherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.Alongwiththiscametheincreaseduseofmachinestomanufactureproductsinlesstime.Peoplealsodevelopedmachinesthatcouldproducethesamepartsforaproduct:eachnailwasexactlylikeeveryothernail.meaningthateachnailcouldbechangedforeveryothernail.Thismeansthatgoodscouldbemassproduction,ahhoughmassproductionrequiredbreakingproductiondownintosmallerandsmallertasks.

Onccthiswasdone,workersnolongerstartedontheproductandlahoredtocompleteit.Instead,theymightworkonlyonethousandthofit,otherworkerscompletingtheirownparlsincertainorder.

Thereisnothingstrangeaboutthismanufacturingworkbytoday'sstandards.Highlyskilledworkerswereunabletocomparewiththenewproduciiontechniques,asmassproductionallowedgoodsofhighstandardtobeproducedingreaternum-berthancouldeverbedonebyhand.Buttheskilledworkerswasn'ttheonlyloser,thccommonworkerslosttoo.Similarchangesforcedfannersaway.Theincreasedmechanization(械化)ofagriculturefreedmassesofworkersfromploughingthelandandharvestingitscrops.Theyhadlittlechoicebuttostreamtowardtherapidlydevelopingindustrialcenters.Increasingly,standardsweresetbymachines.Workersnolongerownedtheirowntools,theirskillwasnolongervalued,andprideintheirworkwasnolongerpossible.Workersfed,lookedafterandrepairedthemachinesthatcouldworkfasterthanhumansatgreatlyreducedcost.

1.Inthispassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredasachangecausedbytileuseofscientificfindingsintheproductionofgoods?

A.Otherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.

B.Theincreasedexploitationofworkersinthe19thcentury.

C.Theincreaseduseofmachinestomakeproductsinlesstime.

D.Theuseofmachinesproducingpartsofthesamestandard.

答案：B指导：由文中第一段可知。

2.Theunderlinedword“this”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_________.

A.theuseofscientificfindings

B.thepracticeofproducingthesamepartsforaproduct

C.thehumanpowerbeingreplacedbyotherformsofenergy

D.thetechnologybecomingtheencouragementofhistoricalchange

答案：C指导：由于其他“能”代替了“人力”，从而使“机器”生产出现。所以C为正确答案。

3.Theunderlinedword“this”inthesecondparagraphreferstothechangethat______.

A.eachnailcouldbetakentileplaceofbyeveryothernail

B.eachnailwasexactlylikeeveryothernail

C.producingtasksbecamesmallerandsmaller

D.goodscouldliemassproduced

答案：D指导：由于产品成批生产，所以产生工人只做千分之一的工作。故D为正确答案。

I

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarenotoftenheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareimproved.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils,awaytoteachpupilsingroupsaccordingtotheirability.Itdoesnotpayattentiontothefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentspeed.Itcanhaveabadeffectonbloththebrightandnot-so-brightchildren.Afterallitcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthehottomofthetopgrade!

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Thisisonlyoneaspect(方面)oftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademic(学术理论的)ability.Wealsovaluepersonalqua[ides(品质)andsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachinghelpsimprovealltheseaspectsoflearning.

Inourclassroom,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups,thisgivesthemthechancestolearntocc-operate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskills.Theyal-scilearnhowtodealwithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate(分析和评价),andtocomunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.

Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividual(个人的)tasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisrightandsuitable.Weencourageourpu-pilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothiseffectively.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork;itdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbest,nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoachievethisgoal.

1.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards“mixed-abilityteaching”?

A.Heagreestoit.

B.Hedoubtsthetruthofit.

C.Heisverydiscontentaboutit.

D.Hetriestobeobjectiveat)outit.

答案：A指导：由第一段第二句“Onthecontrary，boththeirknowledSeandexperienceareimproved”可知作者赞同mixed-abilityteaching、

2.By“heldback”,theauthormeans

A.forcedtostudyinthelowerclass

B.madetoremaininthesameclass

C.preventedfromadvancing

D.madetofallbehindotherstudents

答案：C指导：由第一段第二句中的improved可知。

J

Whenwethinkaboutpeoplewhoarcleaders,weoftengetamentalpictureofsomeonewhoisolder,smarter,andwiserthanourselves.Studiesofleadership,though,haveusuallyfoundthatthereisalmostnorelationshipbetweenskillasaleaderandtraditionalmeasuresofintelligence.

SomerecentresearchbypsychologistRedFiedleandhiscolleaguesshowedthatbothintelligenceandexperiencemaybeimportantbutjustnowhowimportantdependsuponhowstressfultheworksituationisandwhatkindoftaskistobeac-complished.Theresearchersobtainedmeasuresofintelligence,experience,performance,andstress.

Overall,thesevariablesdidnotrelatetooneanother.Menwithhighandlowintelligencewereequallylikelytogivegoodperformance,asweremenwithmoreandlessexperience,ormoreandlessstresswiththeirbosses.Howevcr,whenyoulookseparatelyatthosemenwhohavehighstresswiththeirbosses,thcpicturechanges.

Inhighstresssituations,therewasnoassociationbetweenintelligenceandperformance,buttherewasbetweenexperienceandperformance.Inotherwords,indifficuhsituations,itwashelpfulto“knowtheropes”.Inlowstresssituations,thefindingswerejusttheopposite.Experiencewasnotrelatedtogoodperformance,butintelligencewas.Thatis.whenthingsaregoingwell,intelligenceisveryusefulinleadership.

Astudyoffirefighters'performanceunderhighandlowstressconditionsalsofoundtheexperiencedofficersperformedbestundersituationsofstress.Noneofthisisreallyverysurprising.Ifyouhaveeverhadasupervisoryjobyouprobablyfoundthatatleastasmuchenergywentintohandling(管理)peopleaswentintohandlingthejobitself.Testsofintelligenceatleasttheoneswehavenowdonotpredictsuccessinhandlingpeople.

1.Whatkindofpeoplecandothebestjobinstresssituation?

A.intelligentpeopleB.experiencedpeople

C.calmpeopleD.skilledpeople

2.Inthethirdsentenceofthelastparagraph.“asupervisoryjob”refersto_______.

A.amanagementjobB.anadvisoryjob

C.ateachingjobD.anorganizingjob

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage.'?

A.Instresssituations,therearenoassociationbetweenexperienceandperformance.

B.Somerecentresearchsuggeststhatmostleadersarclackofintelligence.

C.Inlowstresssituations,intelligenceplaysanimportantroleinleadership.

D.Generallyspeaking,leadersarelikelytobeclevererthanordinarypeople.

4.Inthesecondsentenceofthefourthparagraph,to“knowtheropes”mostprobablymeans________.

A.tounderstandthesituation

B.tocontrolthesituation

C.togetridofthesituation

D.tomakesurewhattodoaboutthcsituation

答案：D指导：根据上下文可以推断本句意思是：换句话说，在困难的情况下经验有利于控制局势。

K

Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevator,operatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?

Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthanci-vilian(百姓的)clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetel-evisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform?

Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible(可减税的).Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.

Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperi-encedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.

Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningrath-erthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality______.

A.stilljudgeamanbyhisclothes

B.holdtheuniforminsuchhighregard

C.enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentity

D.willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform

答案:B指导：这篇文章主要讲述崇尚个性、崇尚多样化的美国人为何爱穿制服，以及制服所带来的利弊，是一道辨别事实题。由第一段第一句“AmericansareproudOftheirvarietyandindividuality，yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform、、、”可知应选B项。

2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatarmninuniform______.

A.suggestsqualitywork

B.discardshissocialidentity

C.appearstobemorepractical

D.lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes

答案:A指导：由第二段第二句“Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform、、、”可判断A项正确。

L

ThemodernOlympicGameswerefoundedwiththeintentionofimprovinghealthandeducation,promotingworldpeace,andencouragingfairandequalcompetition.Butovertheyears,theolympicsaying,”faster,higher,stronger“,haspushedscientistsaswellasathletestodoeverythingpossibletoreachnewlevels.

Doctors,engineersandcoachesalluseeverytingsciencehastooffertoachievethatlittlebitextraincompetition.Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisverysimple:winningisjustasimportantasitwas2,500yearsagoattheolympicsofancientGreece.Developmentsintechnologyhaveoftenbeenreflectedinthemethodsoftrainingandper-formanceattheolympicsthroughhistory.Thistechnologyfallsintotwomaingroups:improvinganathlet'sperformanceincompetition,andallowingresultstobemeasuredmoreaccurately.

Oneofthecreationsthathasdrawnthemostattentionisthenewhigh-techswimsuitfromSpeedo,whichwasusedbymanyUSswimmersinAthens.UntilSydney2000,itwasthoughtthatthesmallertheswimsuit,thefastertheswimmerwouldtravel.

”However,thefactthatattheSydneyOlympics,28ofthe33goldmedalistswerewearingthebodycoveringFastskinsuitprovedthetheorywasoutofdate,“saidAndyThomas,vicepresidentofSpeed.

Thecompany'sfullbodysuitissupposedtomakeswim-mers3to4percentfaster,particularlywhenturningordivingintothewater.Itisbelievedthatthesuitcreateslesswaterre-sistanceasitmoves,behavingmorelikeasharkskinthanahumanskin.

Theintroductionofhigh-techequipmentmeansthatathletesinallsports,from100-metresprinttothepolevault,cannowtrainmoreeffectively.

Meanwhile,scientificdevlopmentalsomeansperformancescanbemeasuredandstudiedmoreaccurately.Notonlyarewinningtimesmoreaccuratelyrecorded,butcheatingathletesareeasiertocatchout.Athens20典型例题nizerspromisedtouseonlytheverylatestequipmenttomeasuredistanceandspeed.

1.WhichisnotthefirstaimofthemodernOlympicGames?

A.Improvinghealthandeducation.

B.Promotingworldpeace.

C.Encouragingfairandequalcompetition.

D.Winningmedals.

答案:D由文章第一句“、、、theintentionofimprovingbealthandeducation，promotmgworldpreace，andencouragingfairandequalcompetition”知，winningmedals不包括在内，应选D.

2.Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisthatpeople______.

A..makeeveryefforttowinmedals

B.dotheirbesttoinventnewsportsequipmnt

C.trytotesttheirabilities

D.wanttoimprovetheirconditionofcompetition

答案:A由第二段第二句"Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisverysimple：winningisjustasimortantasitwas2，500yearsagoattheOlympicsofancientGreece”知，A选项(努力赢得奖牌)最符合文章。

3.Inthepassageitmentionsthathightechnologyisinvolvedin______aspects.

A.1B.2C.3D.4

答案:B从文章第二段最后一句知：高科技应用于运动的目的有二；提高运动员在竞赛中的表现能力，使比赛结果更准确。

M

ThefollowingisabouttheBBCandsomeotherbroadcastingstationsBritain.

1.Onwhichradiocanyouhearacommercial?

A.Radio3B.Radio4.

C.CapitalRadio.D.RadioLondon.

答案:C从表中第五栏中可知：有广告收入的电台即具有商业性质的电台有两家：一为伦敦广播公司(LBC)，另一为首都广播(CapitalRadio)。

2.Youneedtolistento______foraprogrammeonouterspace.

A.Radio2B.Radio3

C.RadioD.LBC

答案:B从表中第二栏知Radioa播有Sciencetalk节目，而outerspace属于Sciencetalk，应选B、

LONDON--“Everyoneelsehasone!”Lucydeclaredtoherparents,tryingtogetamobilephoneasagiftforher14thbirthday.Herparentsgavein.

Curioustoknowhowherdaughterwouldusethephone,JaneBidder,themother,followedLucytotheschoolbusinthemorningThebusseats20,ofwhgomhalfhaveamobilephone:Oneringsandseveraladolescent(青少年的)ownersfeelintheirbags.

Manyparentshavejustcometorealizethatthemobilephoneisnolongeronlyfortravellingbusinessmenitisaslikelytobefoundinschoolbags.

Themobilephoneseemstohavebecomesomethingessentialfortoday'steensinBritain,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastweek,byNOP,aleadingmarketresearchcompanyinBritain.Researchfoundthat66percentof16-year-oldnowhaveac-cesstoamobilephone.

Themobilephonehasbeenturnedintoasecretmessagingservicebyteenusers.Whentheyaretalkingonthemo-bile,theirparentsarenotabletc;eavesdroponthesecondline.

Theinterviewswith2,典型例题ngpeopleaged7to16foundthattheyfavourthetextmessagingservicesbecausetheyofferasecretwayofkeepingintouch.Thedaysofsecretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout.

Forexample,“cya”means“seeyou”;“IOI”means“laughsoutloud”;and“2nite”isanabbreviationof“tonight”.AllthesearebasedonshorthandphrasesusedontheInternet.

Manyschoolshavebannedstudentsusingmobilephones.Buttheyarenotverysuccessful.Stillphonesringintheclassanddisturbstudy.

Besides,peopleareworriedaboutthehealthrisktokidsusingmobilephones.

Scientistsbelievechildrenareespeciallyvulnerabletothemobileradiation.

1.ThestoryofLucyistoldtoshowus

A.Britishparentsmeettheirchildren'sneedswhatevertheyare

B.Britishkidshavegoodrelationshipswiththeirparents

C.howBritishparentsacceptthetruthofteenagersowningamobilephone

D.whyeverychildgetsamobilephoneasabirthdaypresentintheUK

答案:C指导：文中第一段Lucy说“每人都有一部手机”，所以父母屈服了，故此C为最正确选项。

2.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthisnewsstory?

A.Schoolbansmobilephones

B.Parents'curiosityaboutchildrenusingmobiles

C.MobilepopularityamongUKteens

D.SecretmessagespopularamongkidsintheUK

答案:C指导：本文通过Lucy父母的所见所闻，说明手机在英国学生中是很普通的，所以C为最正确选项，而其他三个选项都不能概括文章的主要思想。

3.Theunderlinedwordeavesdropmeans______.

A.joininactively

B.interruptrudely

C.watchcarefully

D.listensecretly

答案:D指导：由文中前一句“Themobilephonehasbeenturnedintoasecretmessagingservicebyteenusers'’和“、、、theirparentsarenotableto、、、”可知D为正确答案。

4.Interviewsdiscoverchildrenlikesendingmessagesinsteadof______.

A.callingeachother

B.writingnotestoeachother

C.playinggamesonline

D.greetingeachotherPassages

答案:B指导：由文中倒数第五段“…Theyfavourthetextmessagingservicesbecausetheyofferasecretway、、、Thedays“secretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout”可知学生喜欢短信息，所以答案为B.

N

Lifeisdifficult.

Itisagreattruthbecauseoncewetrulyunderstandandacceptit.Thenlifeisnolongerdifficult.

Mostdonotfullyseethistruth.Insteadtheycomplainabouttheirproblemsanddifficultiesasiflifeshouldbeeasy.Itseemstothemthatdifficultiesrepresent(代表)aspecialkindofsufferingespeciallyforceduponthemorelseupontheirfamilies,theirclass,oreventheirnation.

Whatmakeslifedifficultisthattheprocessoffacingandsolvingproblemsisapainfulone.Problems,dependingontheirnature,causeussadness,orlonelinessorregretorangerorfear.Theseareuncomfortablefeelings,oftenaspainfulasanykindofphysicalpain.Andsincelifecausesanendlessseriesofproblems,lifeisalwaysdifficultandisfullofpainaswellasjoy.

Yet,itisinthiswholeprocessofsolvingproblemsthatlifehasitsmeaning.Problemsaretheserioustestthattellsussuccessfromfailure.Whenwedesiretoencouragethegrowthofhumanspirit,weencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblems,justasinschoolwesetproblemsforourchildrentosolve.Itisthroughthepainofmeetingandwork-ingoutproblemsthatwelearn.AsBenjaminFranklinsaid,Thosethingsthathurt,instruct.Itisforthisreasonthatwisepeoplelearnnottofearbuttowelcomethepainofproblems.

1.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat______.

A.everybodyhasproblems

B.webecomestrongerbymeetingandsolvingtheproblemsoflife

C.lifeisdifficultbecauseourproblemsbringuspain

D.peopleliketocomplain:abouttheirproblems

答案:B指导：全文主要讲述有人抱怨生活的艰难，作者也承认生活是艰难的，然而正是这艰难的解决问题的过程使生活更有意义，所以文中最后一段第三行Whenwedesiretoencouragethegrowth“humanspirit，weencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblems，故此B为最正确选项。

2.Thewriterprobablyusedjustoneshortsentenceinthefirstparagraphto______.

A.savespace

Rpersuadereaders

C.makereaderslaugh

D.getreaders'attention

答案:D指导：写文章的目的就是解决问题，本文首先开门见山地点出问题，显然是为了吸引读者的注意力，而不是其他选项。

3.ThemainideaofParagraph3isthat______.

A.mostpeoplefeellifeiseasy

B.thewriterfeelslifeiseasy

C.thewriterlikestocomplainabouthisproblems

D.mostpeoplecomplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare

答案:D指导：由第三段第一句和第二句可知第三段的主要意思是“人们经常抱怨生活多么艰辛”。

4.Accordingtothepassage,wegiveschoolchildrendifficultproblemstosolveinorderto______.

A.encouragethemtolearn

B.teachthemtofearthepainofsolvingtheproblem

C.helpthemlearntodealwithpain

D.teachthemhowtorespectfromproblems

答案:A指导：由文章倒数第四句“weencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblems，justasinschoolwesetproblemsforourchildrentosolve”可知A为最正确选项。

5.ThesayingfromBenjaminFranklin“Thosethingsthathurt,instruct”suggeststhat______.

A.wedonotlearnfromexperience

B.wedonotlearnwhenweareinpain

C.painteachesusimportantlessons

D.paincannotbeavoided

答案:C指导：由文中“Itisthroughtheparaofmeetingandworkingoutproblemsthatwelearn”可知答案为C，意思是”正是通过解决问题的痛苦，我们学到了知识”。