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2018高考全国卷1卷英语试题及答案解析-

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2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
第二部分阅读理解 (共两节，满分 40 分
A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration Tour This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours (4 miles Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route( 路线
make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7miles Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and safety lights. 21. Whichtour do you need to book in advance?
bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and —
the cherry blossoms —

A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. C. Visit well-known museums. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle D. Washington Capital Sites at Night B. Go to a national park. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals D. Safety lights Good Morning Britain ' s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role
morning, —
showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under per family a day. And the
Good Morning Britain presenter says she ' s been able to put a lot of what she ' s leant into practice in her own home, Jack, 11. preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from mylocal Mexican takeaway
restaurant," because they she explains. "I pay £ 5 for a portion( 一份 , but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we '
re not aware
how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(
系列节自 , Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different of some family each week. In tonight ' s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the f amily ' s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.

24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. C. He assists her in cooking matters. her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef B. Balancing Our Daily Diet D. Cooking Well for Less C
B. She has started a new programme. D. She has had a light budget B. He prepares food for her kids. D. He invites guest families for Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit （联系）groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English ． Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200

Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number ( 中位数 of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction( 消亡, with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers, Chiapaneco in Mexico(150. Lipan Apache in the United States(two or threeor Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark: none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected 29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2 A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modem. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A.About 6800 B.About 3400
？
C.About 2400 D.About 1200 31. What is the min idea of the text? A. New languages will be created.
B Peoples ' lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human development results in fewer languages D. Geography determines language evolution. Wemay think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(
go out of style.
sight of something 装置 well after they —
as these outdated That 's bad news for the environment —
and our wallets devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in NewYork tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life —
from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation —
Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered
homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices —
we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放）
more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what's the solution （解决方案） ? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. C. They cost more to use at home. 33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. C. The LCD TV. B. The tablet. D. The desktop computer. B. To test the life cycle of a product. To find out electricity consumption of the B. They are no better than the old. D. They go out of style quickly. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. B. Take them apart. 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2分，满分 10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Color is fundamental in home design something you ' ll always have in every room. A grasp
of how to man age color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creat ing rooms you to li ve in. Do you II love want a room that ' s full of life? Professi on al? Or are you just look ing for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have bee n a nu mber of differe nt tech niq ues to help desig ners approach this important point. 37 _____________________ , they can get a little complex .But good news is that there ' re really only three kinds of decisi ons you n eed to make about color in your home: the small on es, the medium on es, and the large on es. 38 . They ' re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less ben efit most of us use to add visual expe nsive tha n buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the sig ni fica nt of being easily cha ngeable . Medium color choices are gen erally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . _______ They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeli ng of a space. The large color decisi ons in your rooms concern the walls, ceili ngs, and floors .Whether you' re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are sig ni fica nt. 40 . A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you ' re looking for C. If you ' re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we ' re most familiar with E. It ' s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 第三部分
语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分学胡网）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的
A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During my second year at the city college ， I was told that the education department was offering a "free" course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class

because , after all ,who does n't want to 42 a few dollars? More tha n that, I'd always wan ted to lear n chess. And, even if I weren't 43 eno ugh appeali ng eno ugh to me. He was an intern ati onal about free credits, n ews about our 44 was from gra ndmaster, which 45 I would be lear ning one of the game's 46 .I could hardly wait to 47 him. __________ Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returni ng to teach, and this 48 was no game for him: he meant bus in ess. In his in troduct ion, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 ,to I man aged to get an A in that 53 and lear ned life less ons that have served me well bey ond the 54 . Ten years after mychess class with Ashley, rm still putting to use what he 55 me: most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 .On "The absolute every single our lives. _____

move you have to 58 a situatio n ‘process what your opp onent( move from among all your options. ” These words still ring true 对手is doing and 59 the best today in my 60 as a journalist. D. tur ned dow n

41. A. put forward 42. A. waste 43. A. excited 44. A. title 45. A. urged 46. A. fastest 47.A. in terview 48. A. chance 50. A. atte nd 51.A. add 52. A. eve ntually 53. A. game 54. A. criteri on 55. A. taught 56. A. fact B. meet B. jumped at B. earn B. worried B. competitor B. dema nded B. easiest C. save C. tried out D. pay C. moved C. textbook C. held C. best C. challe nge D. tired D. in structor D. mea nt D. rarest D. beat D. job D. observe D. compare B. qualificati on B. pass B. expose B. n aturally B. prese ntati on B. classroom B. wrote B. step
C.honor C. skip C. apply C. directly D. no rmally C. course D. experime nt D. situati on D. promised C. departme nt C. questi oned C. manner D. skill
57. A. grades B. decisi ons C. impressi ons D. comme nts
58. A. an alyze 59. A. announce 60. A. role
B. describe B. sig nal B. desire C. rebuild C. block C. concern D. control D. evaluate D. behavior 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入
1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
___
Accord ing to a review of evide nee in a medical jo urn al, runners live three years 61 (lo ng than non-runn ers. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (seethe ben efit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause. ___________________ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it's probably running. leg muscles(肌
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strengthyour 肉,avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always _________________________ 69 (en ergy.If you are time poor, you n eed run for only half the time to get the same ben efits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. _________________________ 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分
第一节短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( A ,并在其下面写出该加的次。删除：把多余的用斜线(划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第l1处起不计分。
During my last win ter holiday, I went to coun tryside with my father to visit I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and ano ther ani mals. Last win ter whe n I went here aga in, they had a big separate house to raise doze ns of my gran dpare nts. 10处语言错

chicke n. They also went here aga in, they had a big separate house to raise

doze ns of chicke n. They also had a small pond, which they raised fish. My gra ndpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I pla nned to retur n for every two years, but he agreed. 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友件。内容包括：
1. 到达时间； 2. 合适的礼物；
Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮

英语
6-10BABCC 26-30CDBCB 46-50CBDCB 11-15ABAAC 31-35CADBA 51-55CACBA 16-20BCBCA 36-40BADGF 56-60DBADA 1-5 BCCBA 21-25ADDBC 41-45BCADD 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

68.stre ngth 69.e nergetic 70.it 'running During my last win ter holiday, gran dpare nts. I I went to countryside with my father the find found ano 61」onger 62.to see 63.dying 64.is 65.than 66.that \which 67.causes house with dogs, ducks, and ani mals. Last win ter whe n I went ther big separate house to raise doze ns of
to visit my a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small here aga in, they had a there they other chicke n .They also had a small pond chicke ns in where the fish. I felt raised fish. My gran dpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned selli ng happy to return
for every two years, but and he agreed.
书面表达（略）

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