Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists

Part 1 课文知识点归纳

1. put forward 提出，将。。。提前

Several similar theories have been put forward over the years.

He put forward new peace proposals at the meeting.

The match has been put forward to 8:00 a.m.

Please inform them to put forward the sports meet for a week.

put off 推迟

The sports meet was put off because of the heavy rain.

Put aside 节省/储蓄，把。。。放到一边

He tries to put aside a little money every month.

They have put aside a lot of water for the dry season.

He took up a cigarette and then put it aside.

She put her work aside when the phone rang.

Let’s put aside this question for a moment.

Put away 放好/收起来 (也有储存之意)

The old woman slowly put the cup of milk away and turned around.

Please put those books away before leaving.

You should put some water/money away for tomorrow.

Put back 放回

Remember to put the chairs back after the meeting.

Put down 放下 记下 镇压

Tell him to put down the box for a while, it is really heavy.

I am putting down what my teacher said today in my notebook.

The riot was put down by the strong government very soon.

Put on 穿上 上演

It is cold outside, don’t forget to put on your coat.

The famous movie will be put on again next week.

put into action/effect/practice实施/实行

We must put the plan into action/effect/practice as early as possible.

put up with 忍受

she never stops complaining, I can’t put up with her another day/any more.

Bear bear with 基本一样 bear with多了理解、体谅的味儿。

I can’t bear this weather.

It is hard to bear criticism.

We should bear with his bad temper because he is unhappy these days.

Bear to do bear doing基本一样 细微没做/做过

I left the room because I couldn’t bear to listen any more.

He can’t bear to talk about it, even to me.

I can’t bear to see you like this.

I can’t bear being kept waiting.

2. attend to 照顾, 护理/专注于

The nurse is attending to a sick man.

You should attend to your studies.

3. cure sb. of sth 治愈某人某种疾病

As time goes on, doctors are now able to cure people of many diseases.

a cure for… 治疗…法(药)

They have found a cure for the disease.

The cat is a good cure for mouse problem.

The traffic lights were proved to be a good cure for traffic problems.

4. challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做…

She challenged me to play a tennis game yesterday.

He is quite agile, do you dare to challenge him to climb the tree?

challenge sb. to sth. 就某事向某人挑战

Their school challenged ours to a basketball match.

Challenge for (sb)

Climbing a tree is a great challenge for that fat boy.

Challenge of (sth)

He is now facing a challenge of a speech.

Challenging

Teaching the children is a challenging job.

5. be absorbed in 全神贯注于 = concentrate on

The children were absorbed in the cartoon at that time.

= The children were concentrating on the cartoon at that time.

The old scientist is always absorbed in his research.

= The old scientist always concentrates on his research.

Clever children usually absorb knowledge easily. 吸收

Be absorbed by…被。。。吸收/吞并

Aspirin is quickly absorbed by the body.

Several small countries were absorbed into the big one.

Absorb…into…吞并 吸收

Can wild animals absorb this kind of food?

6. suspect sb. of sth 怀疑某人做某事

He was suspected of giving away government secrets to the enemy.

Why do you suspect her of taking the money?

suspect that…

The police suspected that it was the old man who stole the wallet.

We suspect that he is lost.

He is a political suspect.

The police are tracing a suspect.

7. blame sb. for sth. 为某事责怪某人

The teacher is blaming tom for breaking the window.

She is being blamed for her carelessness.

blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人

You shouldn’t blame the matter on him.

They decided to blame the accident on the driver.

be to blame for sth应受责备、对某事应负责任

The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.

I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child.

The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth对某事承担责任

We should bear/take the blame for our failure.

lay/put the blame for sth on sb把某事归咎于某人

We shouldn’t lay/put the blame for our failure on him.

8. link sth to/with 把…与…连接起来, 使…有联系

The wire is linked to/with the television.

The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing.

Link up 连接/连接起来

A railway links up the two towns.

Be linked to…与。。。有关联/和。。。连接

Heart disease can be linked to smoking.

Theories should be linked to practice.

Link 做名词

Old friends are a link with the past.

9. instruct sb to do sth 命令某人做某事

The old general instructed his soldiers to cross the river.

I've been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.

instruct sb in sth 在某方面教导某人

My job is to instruct her in English.

He instructed me in Kongfu every night those years.

10. be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求

The teacher is always strict with his students.

be strict in sth. 对某事严格要求

My parents are strict in my study.

11. lead to 导致/引向/通往

This may lead to difficulty in the furture.

All his calculations led to the same conclusion.

The road leads to the foot of the hill.

12. make sense 讲得通, 有意义，合理

It seems to make sense.

It seems to make sense to throw away old things.

Do such comparisons make sense?

make sense of 了解…的意义, 理解，搞清…的意思

Can you make sense of what he said?

I can’t make sense of what he said just now.

I can’t make sense of either Russian or Germany.

13. put sth. in order 按…顺序来整理，整理得整整齐齐，整理好

When writing a story, you should put the things in order.

The girls always put her things in order.

Would you help me put things in order before we leave?

14. draw a conclusion 得出结论 make a conclusion下结论

You can’t take just one day and draw a conclusion that the bear market is over.

Don’t make a conclusion before collecting enough data.

15. ease 减轻/消除，舒适/自在，减轻/消除某人的痛苦

These pills will ease the headache.

Her words gave ease to my distracted mind.

Walking helped to ease him of his pain.

at ease 放松 自在 安逸

With good social security, the old people can live at ease.

Be/feel at ease

I always don’t feel at ease in a strange place = I am always not at ease in a strange place.

Put/set sb at one’s ease 使。。感到舒适、不拘束

The little is shy, we should try to put/set her at her ease.

With ease 容易地

Our football team won the match with ease.

16. expose… to 使显露, 暴露

Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long a time.

He exposed the plan to the newpapers.

Never expose your soldiers to unnecessary risks.

Be exposed to…

It is very dangerous to be exposed to the viruses without any protection.

This medicine can’t be exposed to the sun.

17. apart from 除…之外 = besides/except

Apart from his work, he has no interests.

Apart from English, he has a good command of Russian and French.

18. be cautious about / of … 对…小心谨慎

The specialist reminds us to be cautious about/of online wills.

You should be cautious about/of making investments.

with caution 小心谨慎

You must always drive with caution.

It is dangerous, treat it with caution.

be careful about/of 对。。。注意

she is quite careful about/of her food/what she eats.

Be careful with…小心/注意处理

The vase is valuable, be careful with it.

Be careful not to do

The teacher is rather rigorous, be careful not to be late.

19. be severe with/on/upon sb. 对…严厉

Don’t be too severe with your children.

严重

The drought is becoming severe day by day.

表示“疾病严重”时，severe = serious

He suffered from a severe/serious illness those days.

表示“伤势、疼痛”只能用severe

I felt a severe pain in my chest. 剧烈的疼痛

He was severely injured in the accident.

20. lift up 举起 提高

He is so strong that he can lift up the heavy case.

He lifted up his little son and mounted him on the horse.

To call back the boy from a distance, the father had to lift up his voice.

21. look into 调查

Take it easy please, the police are looking into the matter.

22. determine to do 决定做某事 be determined to do sth 下决心做某事

Tom determined to have a trip the next weekend.

He is determined to get a high score/win the game next time.

I am determined to go to the countryside for my summer holiday for some time.(have determined错误，因determine to do表示动作，一时的决心，不与表示一段时间的时间状语连用)。

He has determined to give up smoking.

He is determined to stay here for a long time.

23. make investigations 进行调查

The reporter was often sent out to make investigations.

You should make full investigations before making a conclusion.

We often go out to make social investigations.

24. take in 吸收, 欺骗

The government plans to take in an investment of 1.6 billion.

The salesman found it easy to take in old ladies.

25. come to an end 结束

It hasn’t come to an end even after three years.

The long and boring meeting finally came to an end.

26. punish sb for sth. 因某事惩罚某人

The naughty boy was punished for breaking the window.

We should punish him for his carelessness.

27. at times 时而, 不时，时不时地

He is a real gentleman, but is a little pompous at times.

We play the badminton at times during the school days.

28. be for / against 支持/ 反对

We were all for/against his plan.

29. a link between…and…与…间的联系/关联

There is a definite link between the adult crime rate and the crime rate of youngsters.

30. point of view 观点 (points of view)

Thanks for giving out your point of view.

Let’s take a different point of view to look at the problem.

31. hold discussions 进行讨论

The united nations is about to hold a discussion to reduce the danger of military confrontations.

They are holding discussions about how to protect the animals in danger.

32. to one’s surprise 使某人感到惊奇的是

To my surprise, he passed the final exam.

33. believe in 信任, 信仰, 相信 believe相信

I believe what said yesterday.

I always believe in him.

Some of his supporters have stopped believing in him.

34. stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事 keep sb from doing…不可省略

Be stopped/prevented/kept from doing…不可省略

35. in one’s honor / in honor of sb. 向…致敬，为纪念…

That year, the government set up a holiday in honor of the hero/in the hero’s honor.

They raised a flag in honor of the president.

We gave a dinner in honor of our guests.

Be/ feel honored to do … 做…感到很荣幸

I am honored to speak on behalf of my group.

36. pass from传自于

Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?

Pass to…传给

According to her will, the old lady’s money will pass to her grandson.

Pass from…to…从。。。传到。。。

The letter was passed from one to another until everyone had read it.

Pass sth to sb

The player passed the ball to his best teammate.

Pass to 转到

Now let me pass to the second phase.

37. exposed to…暴露于。。。

The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy’s fire.

The boy was left exposed to the wind and rain.

He decided to help ordinary people exposed to cholera. Exposed过去分词做后置定语。

38, directly, immediately, instantly, the minute, the moment, the second 一。。。就。。。

She went to the crossing the moment she heard of the accident.

Each/every time 每当。。。

The boy asked his parents for money each/every time he went back home.

The last time 上次

The last time we met he said he needed another two days.

Next time 下次

Let’s talk about this matter next time we meet.

39, Advise sb to do...

He advises me to run for a while after school.

Advise doing = suggest doing

He advised/suggested taking a walk after dinner.

Advise/suggest that sb (should) do...

Uncle Wang advises/suggests that lilei (should) do morning exercises.

40, affected/moved

She was deeply affected/moved by my words.

41, be of great value/valuable(贵重的), priceless（无价的、价值连城的，意味强于valuable）

Invaluable(无法估价的、无价的、珍贵的，不形容价值和金钱，重指品质)

Worthless（无价值的、无用的） valueless(无价值的)

The jewel is of great value, and it is priceless. 这珠宝很有价值，是无价之宝。

This ancient gold coin isn’t just valuable, it’s priceless.这枚古代金币不仅贵重，而且价值连城。

Your advice is invaluable to us. 你的建议对我们来说是非常珍贵的。

The drawing is of no value, and it is worthless. 这画没有价值，它没有用。

It looks like gold, but in fact it is worthless/valueless. 这看起来像金子，其实毫无价值。

42, slow down （使）减速/慢下来

The bus is slowing down for the next stop.

The pills can slow down the development of the disease.

43, in addition = besides 但besides不能用于句尾

In addition, he suffered from a bad cold last month.

The man made him work 12 hours a day and beat him in addition.

In addition to… = besides/apart from

In addition to giving him some advice, I gave him thirty dollars.

He can get twenty dollars’ extra income every month in addition to his salary.

44, deliver sth to sb 交付/递送

Can you please help me deliver the letter to Mr.Wang?

45, be similar to 与。。。相似

My problems are similar to yours.

What I am going to say to you would be similar to what you are going to tell me.

be similar in 在。。方面相似

The two houses are similar in size.

The boys are similar in character.

46,

Conclude with/by doing…以。。。而结束

He concluded his speech with/by reading a poem.

Conclude from…从。。。推出结论

What do you conclude from these facts？

Conclude that…

The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was not serious.

To conclude/in conclusion 最后

To conclude/in conclusion, I wish you all good health and a long life.

Draw/arrive at/come to/reach a conclusion 得出结论

Did you draw a conclusion from what happened?

We can’t draw a conclusion that the bear market is over.

After a long discussion, they drew a conclusion in the end.

Jump to a conclusion 草率地得出结论

We can’t jump to a conclusion by now.

47,

Contribute 做贡献

Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.

Contribute to 有助于、促成

Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.

Contribute…to…捐赠、贡献

Everyone should contribute three dollars to the Red Cross.

I’ve been asked to contribute an article to the language magazine.

make a contribution to/towards… 对。。。做贡献

He made an outstanding contribution to science last century.

48, 以only引导的短语作状语或状语从句放在句首时，为了加强语气，主句需要倒装。

Only by working hard can we succeed.

Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

make sense讲得通/有道理

What she said just now doesn’t make sense.

Your story doesn’t make sense to me.听不懂

Only if i get a job can I have enough money to continue my studies at college.

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings

If only “如果…就好了”, 后接虚拟条件句.

If only John were here with us!

If only he came back early.

49, rise raise arise

The sun rises from the east.

The father raised his son and put him on the horse.

That question did not arise.

Arise from/out of… 由。。。而引起，从。。。中产生

Accidents usually arise from/out of carelessness.

The country's present difficulties arose from/out of the shortage of petroleum．

The trouble arose from/out of the radical policy.

50, have sth done 让。。。被。。。

I usually have my hair cut every 3 weeks.

We had the machine mended just now.

Please ask the patient to have his temperature taken.

A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.

51, with 的复合结构 (with + 宾语 + 宾补)

He placed a fix sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.

with+n+adj

The boy often slept with his eyes open.

With+n+adv

We went back home with our work over.

With+n+介词短语

The teacher went into the classroom with a book in his right hand.

With+n+现分

The English class ended with all singing an English song.

With+n+过分

He stood there with his hands raised.

With+n+不定式

With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here.

With+n+条件、时间、原因

She didn’t go to work yesterday with her daughter being ill.

Please let me know with her coming.

Be enthusiastic about… 对…热情/热心

People like coworkers who are enthusiastic about what they do.

Book 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom

Part 1 课文知识点归纳

1. consist of = be made up of 由…组成

make up 组成, 编造, 化妆

The earth consists of/is made up of seven continents and four oceans.

Our class consists of/is made up of 60 students.

The girl makes up every morning before going to work.

The English teacher is good at making up nice sentences.

2. get all five questions right 五个问题全答对了

Did you get all the five questions right in today’s class.

I believe that she can get all the questions right.

3. divide… into… 把…分成 （把整体。。。分成）

The big house was divided into several parts.

The teacher plans to divide the students into 4 groups.

Please divide the cake into 6 parts.

Separate…into...（把连在一起的。。。分成）

The village is separated into 2 parts by the small river.

The woodworker separated the wooden board into 3 pieces.

separate…from 把…分离, 分开 （非主观意愿，含被迫意味）

The kids were separated from their parents.

The civil war separated him from his family and sent him to Africa.

The war separated many families.

4. refer to 提到,涉及,参考,指的是

These books refer to Asian problems.

What he referred to in his new book is difficult to understand.

Want to know his phone number? You may refer to the phone directory.

The two words actually refer to the same meaning.

When they say so, they probably refer to what they will do next.

5. without conflict 没有纷争

You should find a way to assert yourself with conflict.

6. in the early / middle / late twentieth century

在二十世纪早期/ 中叶/ 后期

Many great scientists were born in the early / middle / late twentieth century.

7. break away (from) 脱离 （含主观愿意意味）

He broke away from his country and joined an anti-war organization.

He broke away from the lawless group several years ago.

8. to one’s credit 为…带来荣誉/值得赞扬

To his credit, he admitted his mistakes.

To his credit, Mr. Bush himself has been learning how to do it.

To his credit, Graham never said that I was wrong.

9. for convenience 为了方便起见

Please pay in cash for convenience.

Please make it short for convenience.

　For your convenience

For your convenience, I have gone through and summarized the entire story.

I will come as early as possible for your convenience.

At your convenience

Please send her the book at your convenience.

Still you have to do the work, but you can do it at your convenience.

At your earliest convenience

Please call her at your earliest convenience.

10. in the 1060s 在十一世纪六十年代

The great scientist was born in the 1060s.

They were all born in the 1980s.

11. find evidence of 找到…的证据

Researchers found evidence of brain rewiring through active learning.

Can you find more evidence of the dragon?

12. keep your eyes open 睁大眼睛，留意

Please keep your eyes open for a boy in a red cap and sweater.

13. make your trip enjoyable and worthwhile使得你的旅程有趣又值得

The summer holiday is coming, you should make a good plan and make your trip enjoyable and worthwhile.

14. leave out 省去, 遗漏, 不考虑

Keep what he said in your mind, leave out all the rest.

You have left out an important word in the sentence.

15. take the place/position of = take one’s place/position 取代…

16. break down 发生故障，毁坏，分解

Stop for a while, it may break down after a long-time work.

After many years, rocks broke down into dirt.

17. be unwilling to do… 不乐意做…

He is always unwilling to help the old, you should teach him a lesson.

18. sb. be familiar with sth. 某人对…熟悉

sth. be familiar to sb. 某物对…是熟悉的

The teacher is familiar with all of his students.

He is a native here and is familiar with this city.

The famous singer is familiar to all of us.

19. a furnished house with all modern conveniences 一套有各种现代设施的配有家具的房子

Our foreign teacher wants to rent a furnished house with all modern conveniences nearby.

20. be alike in… 在…方面类似

The two problems are alike in nature.

They are alike in character.

21. pick up

拾起，捡起

She picked up all the pieces on the floor when she left the classroom.

当她离开教室时，她把地上所有的碎片都捡了起来。

无意中/不费劲地学会

She soon picked up some French when she went to live in France.

收听，接收

My radio can pick up the BBC programs very clearly.

我的收音机能非常清楚地收听到英国广播公司的国际广播节目。

恢复健康，恢复体力

He soon picked up after a few days’ rest. 他休息了几天，身体很快复原了。

搭载；接某人

I’ll pick you up at 8 o’clock. 我会八点去接你。

接电话

I must pick up the phone whthin 5 seconds once it rings.

22. wear the four-hundred-year-old uniform穿着一件有四百年历史的制服

Look! There is a man wearing the four-hundred-year-old uniform.

We will have a 3-week-long holiday next month.

Tom is a five-year-old boy.

They have a four-kilometer-long walk every day.

23. in memory of… 为了纪念…

People built a large sculpture in memory of the hero.

I would like to take a picture of the old building in memory of my childhood.

24. just as… 正当…的时候，正如…

The doorbell rang just as I was about to go to bed.

They won just as I expected.

25. have a photo taken (have sth. done) 拍照

I wish to have a photo taken with my friends.

26. on show/display 在展出

Some valuable paintings are on show/display today.

27. feel / be proud of 为…感到骄傲

We Chinese people are proud of our long history.

I must get a high score to make my parents feel proud of me!

28. leave …for… 离开…前往…

When do you plan to leave home for the railway station?

He left his hometown for the big city that year.

29. fall asleep 睡着

She was so tired that she fell asleep very soon last night.

30. have problems in doing… 做某事遇到麻烦

Do you often have problems in learning Russian?

The little girl always had problems in getting on with her schoolmates those years.

31. at one time 曾经，一度

They worked in the same company at one time.

32. break down 发生故障，毁坏，分解

Stop for a while, it may break down after a long-time work.

After many years, rocks broke down into dirt.

33. be delighted with 对…感到高兴

His family were delighted with his wise choice of profession.

34. take place （有计划地）发生,举行

A parade took place here in 1959.

Their wedding will take place next month.

35. at this / that time 在此时/ 在那时 at the time of 在…的时候

We should avoid driving at this time of a day.

Was he cleaning the room at this time yesterday?

At that time, no one knew what had happened to the kids.

At the time of my birth, my family lived in Shanghai.

36. at war (with) 处于交战状态

They were at war with another country at that time.

37. be friendly to 对…友好

We should be friendly to the old people.

The girl is always friendly to small animals.

38. change one’s mind 改变主意

Are you sure that you will never change your mind?

Change one’s mind (not) to do….

He changed his mind not to go to hospital though he was badly injured.

Uncle Wang changed his mind to buy a new car instead.

39. be disappointed at 对…感到失望

The students were disappointed at their new school when they first saw it.

Are you disappointed at what he did yesterday?

40. come close to 接近

We can see them only when they come close to the earth.

41. took flight逃跑/逃之夭夭, 飞翔

Wolves took flight on hearing the gunshot.

How many times do you take flight in a year?

I will take flight 703. (乘坐703次航班)

42. start the fire 点火, 放火

Why did they start the fire in the fields?

43. make…into 把…制成, 使…转变为

We may make these old pieces of wood into a pretty desk.

句型: 1. How long does it take to fly from Beijing to London Heathrow Airport?

it takes sb. sometime to do sth. 花了某人多少时间做某事

2. These cities are not as large as those in China.

A 是B的三倍长: 1) _A is 3 times as long as B. ______

2) _A is 3 times the length of B.____

3) _A is 2 times longer than B._ ___

3. It’s a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.

built in the nineteenth century 过去分词短语作后置定语修饰cities

It’s a pity that… “遗憾的是…” 常使用陈述语气; 若是跟虚拟语气, 常表示 “竟然, 居然”等强烈的感情色彩.

[句型翻译] 他错过了这次机会, 真是可惜

_It is a pity that he missed the chance.____

真可惜, 他竟然错过了这样好的一个机会.

_It is a pity that he should have missed such a good chance._____

4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.

Worried about the time available 过去分词短语作原因状语

5. This solid, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.

remained standing 仍旧矗立着, remain 是一个系动词, 表示”一直保持着某种状态”

remain还可以作不及物动词, 意为”剩下, 保持”

Only several leaves remained on the tree.

The plane reamained on the ground for a long time because of the heavy rain.

6. There followed St. Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.

There followed…接下来的是

7. It seemed strange that the man who has developed communism should have lived and died in London.

在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、不满、理应如此等感情色彩时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is necessary that you (should) stay up late for the work tonight.

Book 5 Unit 3 Life in the future

make a deep / strong impression on sb.给某人留下深刻印象

The experience made a deep/strong impression on the children.

impress sb with sth = impress sth on sb 使某人记住某事（给…留下深刻印象）

Remember, never try to impress him with sexy clothes and make-ups.

= Remember, never try to impress sexy clothes and make-ups on him.

take up 拿起/拿出，接受，占据（时间/空间），开始从事

He insisted that we take up the matter on the meeting.

Don’t worry, I will take up my task.

Take up your courage and do what your heart tells you to do.

I hope that they will take up this challenge. 接受

Making up takes up a lot of her time.

Let’s move the piano out since it takes too much room.

He took up farming last year.

speed up 加速，使加速

We must speed up to catch up with the car.

I have found a way to speed up the process.

sweep up 打扫干净

We shouldn’t leave her alone to sweep up after the party.

Let’s sweep the dust from the bookshelves.

Sweep-up大扫除

We have a school sweep-up each month.

remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事

The old picture reminds me of my grandparents.

Remind sb. of/about sth.提醒某人某事

Mum, could you please remind me of/about my homework later?

In case I forget, please remind me of/about it.

remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事

Thank God! A kind old man reminded me to take my bag at the last moment.

remind sb. that提醒某人

Our teacher always reminds us that we should be careful with our health.

Mr.White reminded his son that they still had several people to see.

Remind sb. of doing… 提醒某人（做过某事）

I was going to see the movie, but he reminded of seeing it before./but he reminded me that I had seen it before.

as a result 结果

The worker was always too lazy, as a result, he was fired last week.

The driver drove too fast on that road, as a result, he was fined by the traffic policemen.

suffer from 遭受，患…病/受…之苦

People there is suffering from a long-lasting heavy rain, we should try to offer some help.

The old woman has suffered from a headache for a long time.

be similar to 和…相似

We can only attract those who are similar to ourselves.

fall fast asleep 睡得很香

I am used to going to bed at around 11:00 and fall fast asleep.

the / a lack of 缺乏…

The lack of food and water is one of the most important reasons.

There was a lack of leadership among those people.

for lack of…由于缺乏…

The shop closed for lack of customers.

He is not qualified for the job for lack of skill.

be lacking in 缺乏(品质/特点)

They thought that she was lacking in beauty and wisedom.

We don’t know what to do next because we are lacking in a clear goal.

lack for…缺乏…

We shouldn’t lack for joy in life.

They lack for money at present.

in no time / in an instant 马上，立即

luckily, I managed to shut him up in no time/in an instant.

Get/be back on one’s feet (从病痛/挫折中)复原，重新振作起来

I believe he will get back on his feet sooner or later. 迟早东山再起

After six weeks in hospital, he was back on his feet and ready to start work.

in all directions 四面八方

There were people rushing in all directions, mostly trying to leave the area.

lose / catch sight of… 看不见/看见

We soon lost sight of the small boat in the thick fog.

We mustn’t lose sight of this fact. 忽视

Finally we caught sight of the young boy in the distance.

be in / out of sight 看得见/看不见

But he said that real growth was still not in/within sight.

The boy waved until it was out of sight.

at (the) first sight 第一眼

I fell in love with him at first sight.

at the sight of 一看见…就…

He called out my name at the sight of me.

I thought of my childhood at the sight of the picture.

provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. For sb. 向某人提供某物

We provided the hungry children with some food. = We provided some food for the hungry children.

Offer sth. To sb. = offer sb. sth. 强调主动提供

lie relaxed 放松

I enjoy lying relaxed on weekend afternoons.

Put across 圆满完成，解释清楚

Are you sure that you can put across the mission?

Do you give him a fair opportunity to put across his views? 

I am so happy that you remember every word I put across to you.

He was too full of emotion to put across his ideas properly.

Are you sure that you can put across the mission?

be previous to… 早于

I know nothing about the argument, it happened previous to my arrival. 

The time when he arrived was previous to the meeting.

for health reasons 出于健康原因

I prefer to eat fish for health reasons.

bend the rules 通融，变通

Could you please bend the rules a little if possible?

urge sb. to do 敦促/强烈要求某人做某事

He urged us to reconsider but failed.

on earth 究竟,到底

What on earth did you say to him?

Where on earth did you stay last night?

be under repair在维修中

The bridge is still under repair.

Jump at… 跃向，急切地接受

They jumped at the kind suggestion immediately.

Quit doing sth. 停止/放弃做某事

There’s no reason for you to quit carrying out the task.

make adjustments to 调整，适应

To keep healthy, we should make adjustments to our food consumption.

If necessary, we can make adjustments to save some money.

Admit doing sth. = admit having done sth. 承认做过某事

She admitted reading/having read the letter.

In vain 徒劳地，无效地

Your work is never in vain.

up-to-date = latest最新的，最近的

The book provides an up-to-date theory which can explain how dinosaurs disappeared.

environment friendly （也可加-）环保的，对环境有利的

We must build an environment friendly society.

dispose of 处理/去掉，解决

It is too crowded, let’s dispose of these old chairs.

be greedy for / to do sth. 渴望，贪婪

The yound designer is always greedy for something new.

Roy was so greedy to get the prize.

change机会（可n） get/have a chance (to do/of doing sth) 有机会、得到机会

He got a good chance to study/of studying in that famous university.

可能性（不可n） 接of doing…

To be frank, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam.

At large 整个的，最大程度上

In the country at large, there is nothing of panic.

I just do what I do and hope it's accepted by the public at large.

Reach one’s full potential 发挥某人最大的潜力

Can an athlete reach his full potential without a top class coach?

be equipped with 配备有…

Our factory is equipped with modern machines.

Is your car equipped with GPS system?

without permission 未经允许

What would you do if your brother take your book without permission?

feed into 注入/输入进…，流入

These small rivers all feed into the lake.

These experience will feed into new banking regulations.

Feed A into B 把A注入B

We use pumps to feed fresh water into the boiler.

top-of-the-range 最高标准的, 顶级的

He bought a pair of top-of-the-range running shoes as her birthday gift.

slide into （使）溜进/滑进，不知不觉中沾染上

Look, the little boy is sliding into the kitchen.

Let’s slide the boat into the river.

Be careful not to slide into this bad habit.

主语+be+adj.+to do…

My new surroundings are difficult to tolerate.

The new student is easy to get on/along well with.

I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market.

when 引导时间状语从句中又包含一个what引起的宾语从句.

即:what looked like a large market 作reach的宾语

It seems (that)…意为”似乎…, 看来…”

This is similar to the “Jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems that you keep getting flashbacks from

your previous time period.

过去分词作定语：

1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： 

We needed much more qualified workers.

My friend is a returned student.归国的留学生 

Many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.

We were given printed question papers.

单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如： 

They decided to change the material used. 决定更换使用的材料。

This is one of the houses built last year.



2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句：

The student dressed in white is my daughter. 

= The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.



3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如： 

Is there anything unsolved?

There is noting changed here since I left this town.



4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语： 

This is a state-owned factory. 国营工厂 

This is our school-run factory. 校办工厂

She is a well-known singer.

过去分词做状语：

过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词置于主句前后皆可。

1. 原因状语

Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 相当于As I was exhausted.

Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 被浓烟呛了

Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.

Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room.

Absorbed in his work, Jim simply forgot food and sleep.

2. 时间状语

Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及时

Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless.

在黑暗中走近时。那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。

3. 条件状语

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose.

如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样`严重。

Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。

Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。

Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better.

如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。

Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。

方式或伴随状语

Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully.

那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。

He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。

The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。

She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.

让步状语

Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance.

尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。

Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。

Waited by others for over half an hour, he didn’t turn up at the meeting.

尽管别人等了他半个多小时，他还是没有到会。

现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

1.逻辑关系

最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。

1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。

He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。



2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。

Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。

3）部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的

过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。

Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.

因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。

Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。

2．时间概念

过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，在谓语动作发生时存在。

Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.

现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。

Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.

现在分词的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。

Having finished his homework, he went home.

现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换。

Having been discussed several times/for a long time, the decision was finally made.

Book 5 Unit 4 Making the news

be delighted at / with sth. 对某事感到高兴

The teacher seemed to be quite delighted at/with the idea.

be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事

I am delighted to be here to give a speech.

We are all delighted to follow your order and carry out the task.

Feel/be delighted + that从句

We feel delighted that president Trump decided to give in to China.

go out on a story 外出采访

He often went out on a story during his career as a reporter.

cover a story 进行新闻采访

Only when you have gained enough experience, can you cover a story by yourself.

be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事

They were eager to do business with us.

be eager for sth 渴望某事

I am eager for a meeting face to face with him.

Aid sb. to do sth. = aid sb. in (doing) sth. 帮助某人做某事

We have aided him to finish the work ahead of time.

We often aided him in his English study.

assist (sb.) in / with sth. = help (sb.) with sth.

Let me know if I can assist you in/with your difficulty.

assist (sb.) to do sth = assist (sb.) in (doing) sth

His job is to assist the production manager to do / in doing some ministration work.

concentrate on 全神贯注于

The boy has concentrated on his painting for a long time.

have a good nose for 嗅觉灵敏, 善于（有探查某事的能力）

As a reporter, he has a good nose for news.

inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事

I am glad to inform you of our plan.

Inform sb. to do sth.

Please remember to inform him to attend the meeting.

keep sth in mind 记住

When you make up your mind to do something, keep it in mind until it is done.

depend on 依赖，取决于

Kids shouldn’t depend on their parents too much.

Whether you can get good grades depends on how hard you study.

get sth. straight 搞清楚，理顺

Let me show you how to get the matter straight.

You should get it straight, I am the boss here.

accuse sb. of sth 控告/职责某人某事

They will accuse him of robbing wallets.

so as to do sth. 为了做某事

We should do something together on weekends so as to strengthen our relationship.

He speeded up so as to catch the bus.

Stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth. = keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

We must take actions to stop them from hunting wild animals.

look forward to (doing) sth 期待（做）某事

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

by accident意外地 V.S. by design/on purpose 有意地

I wonder whether she made the mistake by accident or by design/on purpose.

get / be absorbed in 专心于…

He was absorbed in his work when we went to visit him.

defend sb. against… = protect sb. from… 保卫某人免受

He had to defend/protect his daughter against/from people who laughed at her.

By/under the name of… 名叫 / 以…的名义

Once there was a young hunter by/under the name of / named Nimrod.

In the name of… 以。。。的名义

She attended the lecture in/by/under the name of her sister.

We will arrest you in the name of the people.

set to + n. 开始某事

No problem, I will set to the work as soon as possible.

set out to do sth. = set about doing sth. 开始, 着手做某事

There is no much time left, we should set about going to/set out to go to the railway station.

pass sth on to sb. 把某物传递给某人

Please pass the test papers on to the other students.

last of all 最后 Last of all, I would like to thank all of you.

At last 终于 I finished my work at last.

Make/have an appointment 约会

I’d like to make an appointment with the doctor.

I have an appointment with the doctor this afternoon.

be supposed to do = should do 应该…

We are supposed to stop smoking.

be expected to do…被期待（被动语态）

She is expected to improve her bad temper.

approve of (doing)… 赞成，批准

I can hardly approve of his marriage.

I competely approve of your dicision.

I don’t approve of smoking in bed.

Approve of one’s/sb. doing…赞成/批准某人做某事

My head teacher doesn’t approve of my/me leaving school this year.

a trick of the trade 诀窍，窍门

Let me tell you the trick of our trade. 行业的诀窍

play a trick (tricks) on sb. 捉弄某人

The naughty boy used to play tricks on his classmates.

ahead of 在…前面，领先于…

She was running 50 meters ahead of me.

The school bus came ahead of time, and Mary wasn’t ready.

Moscow is 3 hours ahead of London.

We must try and stay one step ahead of our competitors.

倒装句：

正常语序为主语在前、谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或者一部分（常是助动词或情态动词）会提到主语前面，这种语序叫倒装。常见的倒装句情况：

1，疑问句：

What do you need to take with you?

Have you had your temperature taken?

2，there be句型：

There are some flowers on the table.

There will be a party here tonight.

3，直接引语放于句首时：

‘Is it ready?’ asked Xu Xin.

‘Try again, Watson!’ said Holmes.

4，在表示方向、地点的副词或介词词组放于句首时：

There goes the bell. Here comes Helen’s car.

Out rushed the children. In came a little girl.

Down fell the leaves. Up flied the bird.

In front of the house was a small garden.

但主语是人称代词时，用正常语序：

Here it is. Away he went.

5，含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时：

Not only was there no electricity, but also no water.

Never will he forget his first time to take a plane.

Hardly had I got out of the house when it began to rain.

6，Only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放于句首时：

Only then did I begin my work.

Only in this way can you learn from your friends.

Only if you ask different questions will you acquire all the information that you need.

7，由so, neither, nor引起的，表示“也是”或“也不”时：

My sister enjoys travelling, so do i.

He is a music lover, so is she.

I don’t know and nor/neither do I care.

He didn’t pass the exam, nor/neither did i.

8，在so/such…that结构中，so/such放于句首时：

So proud was he that he never listened to any advice.

So absorbed was he in the novel that he didn’t notice his father at the door.

Such a serious situation developed that we had to call the police.

Such a lovely toy is the boy interested in that his parents decide to buy it for him.

9，在表示祝愿的句子中：

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

May you have a happy holiday!

10，虚拟条件从句省去if时：

Should you need more information, please let me know. (=If you should need more…)

Had Mark invited me, I would have been glad to come. (=If Mark had invited me, I would…)

Were she here, she would agree with us. (=If she were here, she would…)

Book 5 Unit 5 First aid

Fall/be in 生病

But then the princess fell ill, and no doctor could save her.

He was ill because of the heavy rain.

get injured / burned / infected 受伤 / 烧伤 / 受感染

Some people got injured in the accident.

do / give / offer first aid to sb. 对某人实施急救

Was there anyone who knew how to do first aid to him?

if possible 有可能的话

I would like to have a quiet room away from the street if possible.

be taken from 从...节选

This dialogue is take from a famous fairy tale called the Snow White.

act as 充当，担任

One of their friends acted as the middleman in the business.

a barrier against... 抵御...的一道屏障

We have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against diseases.

sense of sight/smell/taste/hearing/touch 触觉

Dogs have excellent sense of smell.

a variety of 各种各样的

China is a large country with a variety of social classes.

within a day or two 在一两天内

We will notify you by email within a day or two.

electric shock 触电，电击

In that case, we should cut off the power to avoid electric shock.

squeeze out 榨出；挤出

Gently squzze out the extra water.

Can’t you squeeze out some time to accompany me?

over and over again = again and again 多次，反复

in place 适当地，在适当的位置

She likes putting everything in place.

Now everything is in place.

sit up 坐起来，熬夜

You can sit up for a rest after the exercise.

stick to 坚持；黏在...上

You should follow a healthy diet that you like and that you can stick to.

I stick to what I said yesterday.

The gum can easily stick to anything.

Look, the gum is stuck to your shoes.

apply for sth. 申请…

Why do you apply for this position?

I will apply for the job tomorrow.

Apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请。。。

We may apply to the government for help.

You must apply to the teacher for permission.

Apply to do sth. 申请做某事

He applied to join the Party in 1980.

She applied to do some part-time jobs.

apply to 应用于，适用于

What you said doesn’t apply to me.

That rule doesn’t apply to this case.

These methods apply to learing English.

The medicine can be applied to ease the pain.

Apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于（做）。。。

If you apply yourself to (doing) this job, you will soon finish it.

make a difference 有关系，产生影响

What he said made a difference to my life.

in case 如果，万一

Do tell us in case you have any trouble.

This morning I took an umbrella in case of rain.

Put one’s hands on… 找到…

He finally put his hands on his lost keys.

after use 使用后

Please put the tools away after use.

out of the reach of sb. / out of one's reach 够不着，力所不及

Put the medicine out of the reach of kids/out of the kids’ reach.

This question is out of the reach of middle school students.

leave sb. alone 把某人单独留下，让某人独自呆着/不打扰

We’d better not leave the dog alone.

Leave him alone, he can solve the problem himself.

Set fire to… = set...on fire 放火烧

They set fire to the old house. = They set the old house on fire.

be doing...when...，正在做...这时...

I was hanging out in the street when I saw an old friend of mine.

had done...when...刚做完...这时...

We had just gone off work when it began to rain.

be about to do...when...就要...这时...

I was about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted to me.

be on the point of doing...when...正要做...这时...

He was on the point of going to bed when the doorbell rang.

There is no doubt...(= No doubt that…) 毫无疑问...

There is no doubt that John's quick thingking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms. Slades's life.

There is no doubt that we will carry out the plan very soon.

强调句型：It is / was+被强调部分+that+其他

It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms. Slade's life.

省略句：

为使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或一些成分，此语法现象叫省略。

主语：

(I) Bed your parden.

(It) Sounds like a good idea.

谓语或谓语的一部分：

(Is there) Anything I can do for you?

(Is) Anybody here?

省略宾语：

A：Where has Mr. Smith gone?

B: Sorry, I don’t know (where he has gone).

主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分

(Are you) Hungry?

(I want) Orange juice, please.

不定式省略动词

A : Would you like to come to the party?

B: I’d love to (come to the party)

They don’t visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).

复合谓语：

Tom should give the ticket to you yesterday. 情态动词should+一般动词give构成复合谓语。

I won’t do it again. I will go with him. You’d better catch a bus.

We are all here. 系动词+表语构成复合谓语。

They sound the same. He looked worried.