阅读理解（人生百味）基础测试题经典

一、九年级中考英语阅读理解（人生百味）（含答案详细解析）

1．阅读理解

    The following are some tips for becoming a successful businessman by Michael Bloomberg. They are based on his experience of building a company from the ground  up, leading New York City as mayor（市长）, and so on.

Take Risks

    Life is too short to spend your time avoiding failure.

    In 1981, at the age of 39, I lost my job. The next day I took a big risk and began my own company. In 2001, when I was debating whether to run for mayor, most people advised me not to do it. But one person said, “If you can imagine yourself giving a concession（败选）speech, then why not go for it?” That was the best advice I received, and I followed it.

    In order to succeed, you must first be willing to fail— and you must have the courage to go for it anyway.

    Make your own luck

    Luck plays a part in success. The harder you work, the luckier you get.

    Whatever you choose to do, even if it's not the job of your dreams, always work hard at it. Be the first person at work in the morning and the last to leave at night. Hard work creates chances.

    Never stop learning

    The most powerful word in English language is “why”. There is nothing so powerful as an open, inquiring mind（探究精神）. Whatever field you choose for starting a business — be a lifelong student.

    Give back

    You are responsible for your success and failure, but you only succeed if you share the reward with others.

    My first donation was a $ 5 check to my alma mater （母校） . And while the checks（支票）may be bigger today, they come with the same spirit.

    You don't have to be wealthy to give back. You can give back by giving your time and talents.

（1）In this passage, Michael Bloomberg is the name of a        .

A. newspaper                            B. place                            C. company                            D. person

（2）What did the writer do at the age of 59?

A. Lost his job.            B. Ran for mayor.            C. Built a company.            D. Became a teacher.

（3）From the passage, we can infer that the writer          .

A. is a young mayor                                              B. seldom cares about others

C. is lucky all the time                                          D. is a hard-working man

（4）Which of the following isn't mentioned in the tips?

A. Failure is the mother of success.                     B. It's never too old to learn.

C. Money is everything.                                       D. Luck comes from hard work.

（5）In which of the following columns（栏目）can you find the article?

A. Family Life             B. Interesting Stories             C. Experience Sharing             D. Adventures

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文介绍了成功的商人迈克尔·布隆伯格获取成功的一些秘诀。包括勇于承担风险；创造出自己的运气；学习永不放弃；要回报社会等等。

（1）细节推断题，根据短文的第一段中出现的句子“They are based on his experience”可知，这里的his指的是Michael Bloomberg这个人。故选D。

（2）细节理解题，根据Take Risks的第二段中的句子“1981, at the age of 39, I lost my job. The next day I took a big risk and began my own company. In 2001, when I was debating whether to run for mayor,”可知，2001年作者刚好59岁，打算精选市长，故选B。

（3）推理判断题，由Take Risks/Make your own luck中的内容“Be the first person at work in the morning and the last to leave at night. Hard work creates chances.”可知，作者是一个勤奋的人。故选D。

（4）细节理解题，通过排除法，A选项在Take Risks的首段提到；B项在Take Risks的第二段和第三段可知；D项由Make your own luck的第二段可得出。故C没有提及。故选C。

（5）推理判断题。整篇文章是作者给大家分享个人经验，所以C选项最佳。故选C。

【点评】在做细节理解题时，解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文， 而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索，寻找答案。推理判断题，对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。

2．阅读理解

D

    My best friend Jenny and I got to the mall for shopping．She held up a white sweater and matching skirt．“Do you like this?”she asked．

    “It's great，''I said．Jenny nodded and continued looking while I moved about．touching the beautiful clothes．“ I'll try this on．”Jenny walked towards the dressing room．After a while，she came out in the outfit（一套衣服）．She looked beautiful．

    I sighed． Part of me wanted to say how good she looked, but another part stopped the words coming out．Jenny was in such good shape that she'd look good in the outfit．Sometimes, I regretted choosing a best friend who was so pretty．God，why can't I be the one with the rich parents and the great look?More and more， I was envious（妒忌的）of her．

    “Well，Teresa，what do you think?”Jenny asked more than once．“Do you like it?''

    The outfit looked great on her，but I lied，“Not really．I think you need something with more colors．''

    “You think so?"Jenny said doubtfully．

    “Just believe me．We'll find something better，"I told her，pushing her back into the dressing room．“You just can't buy the first thing you see．”I did my best to get Jenny out of the store，away from that outfit．As we left，Jenny gave the sweater one last look．

    Just down the mall，we passed a yogurt place．"My treat，''Jenny said，pulling out her wallet．

    I could never say no to chocolate，so we got some and sat down at a table．As Jenny talked without stopping about a million things，I thought about my feelings toward her．Those feelings weren't kind．

    Sitting there，  ▲  Jenny was attractive（吸引人的）not just because of her good luck，but more because of her kindness．Treating me to chocolate was far from her only show of generosity．She also let me drive her car and borrow her colothes.

    Finishing our chocolate，we headed for the next clothing store． "Look at that red sweater.''Jenny said as we passed the window．"It would be perfect for you．Soon maybe you'll have enough by saving your babysitting money to buy something like that．”

    A few minutes earlier，all I had heard was about saving my babysitting money．I had hated the fact that Jenny could ask her parents for anything，and they'd buy it for her．This time，though．I heard more．I heard the voice of someone who loved and cared me for who I was．I needed to express the same to her．

（1）Teresa felt     when Jenny came out of the dressing room in the new outfit．

A. envious                            B. excited                            C. lonely                            D. comfortable

（2）Teresa and Jenny    after they left the first clothing store．

A. headed for the next clothing store                 B. talked about the outfit Jenny wanted

C. had some chocolate at a yogurt place           D. ended the friendship between them

（3）Which of the following can be put in the blank?

A. Jenny lent me some money．                         B. Jenny asked for more chocolate．

C. I told Jenny my unkind feelings．                   D. I began to see Jenny in a new light．

（4）We can infer（推断）that Teresa would      that day．

A. forget all about what had happened

B. ask her parents for money to buy something

C. buy herself the red sweater in the next store

D. push Jenny back to the first store for the outfit

【答案】 （1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：作者和好友去购物，好友看上了一套衣服非常好看，作者心里也觉得很美，但因为嫉妒心里她否认自己喜欢它，接下来她们喝了奶茶，在喝茶期间，作者重新看到了好友的善良，在接下来的购物中，作者意识到了好友对她的关心，同时决定以同样的关心去回报好友。

（1）细节理解题。从More and more， I was envious（妒忌的）of her可知选A。

（2）细节理解题。从we passed a yogurt place．"My treat，''Jenny said，pulling out her wallet．可知她们去了奶茶店喝了巧克力奶茶，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。从下文的“Jenny很吸引人，不仅是因为她的好运，更多的是因为她的善良”，所以此处应该选D。

（4）细节推测题。从I heard the voice of someone who loved and cared me for who I was．I needed to express the same to her．可知作者“我”会对她表达自己的善意，故D符合。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。

3．阅读理解

    After giving a talk at a high school, I was asked to pay a visit to a special student. An illness had kept the boy home, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me, and it would mean a great deal to him, so I agreed.

    During the nine-mile drive to his home, I found out something about Matthew. He had muscular dystrophy （肌肉萎缩症）.When he was born, the doctor told his parents that he would not live to see five, and then they were told he would not make it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me because I was a gold-medal power lifter, and I knew about overcoming（克服）difficulties and going for my dreams.

     I spent over an hour talking to Matthew. Never once did he complain or ask, “Why me?” He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams. Clearly, he knew what he was talking about. He didn't mention that his classmates had made fun of him because he was different. He just talked about his hopes for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weight with me. When we finished talking, I pulled out the first gold medal I won and put it around his neck. I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming difficulties than I ever would. He looked at it for a moment, then took it off and handed it back to me. He said, “You are a champion. You won that medal. Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you.”

     Last summer I received a letter from Matthew's parents telling me that Matthew had passed away. They wanted me to have a letter he had written to me a few days before:

Dear Rick,

      My mum said I should send you a thank-you letter for the picture you sent me. I also want to let you know that the doctors tell me that I don't have long to live any more, but I still smile as much as I can.

      I told you someday that I was going to the Olympics and win a gold medal, but I know now I will never get to do that. However, I know I'm a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to Heaven, God will give me my medal and when you get there, I will show it to you. Thank you for loving me.

                                                                                                                          Your friend,

                                                                                                                                          Matthew

（1）The underlined part in Paragraph 3 “Why me?” probably means         .

A. Why do you come to see me?                         B. Why do I have to stay at home?

C. Why does the disease fall on me?                  D. Why give a gold medal to me?

（2）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Matthew knew clearly about his illness.      B. Matthew once got his own gold medal.

C. Matthew thanked Rick for his kindness.      D. Matthew lived happily and brightly all his life.

（3）Rick wrote the passage with the purpose of         .

A. expressing his pity to all the disabled children

B. telling an experience of meeting a disabled child

C. describing his unusual friendship with a disabled child

D. showing his admiration towards the disabled child

【答案】 （1）C

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】作者作为奥运冠军被邀请去见一个患肌肉萎缩症的孩子，这个孩子很积极乐观，认为自己能够获得奥运冠军。他用他的乐观诠释了生命的价值。说明他虽然残疾，不能得到奥运冠军，但是他的意志品质坚强，是个真正的冠军。

（1）C细节推理题。根据后面的句子“He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams.”说明他只是谈论了获胜以及成功的梦想，从来没有抱怨为什么是他患了这样的疾病，为什么是他如此的不幸，故C正确。

（2）B细节判断题。根据短文中的句子“I told you someday that I was going to the Olympics and win a gold medal, but I know now I will never get to do that.”可知，马修并没有获得过自己的金牌。故答案B错误。

（3）D主旨大意题。本文主要向大家介绍了一个身残志坚、积极乐观的小男孩。作者很钦佩Matthew的那种身残志坚、积极与病魔作斗争的精神，故答案为D。

4．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

    As December comes to an end, you think about the new year and all the ways you want to improve your life. But as you start to write down your hopes for the new year, you think about the last year. You excitedly write down all the changes you are going to make, but by the end of January those ideas get lost in your busy life.

    Here's a suggestion: Forget the too big, hard to achieve goals and just think about the small ones. “We often think that we have to do everything in big steps, even though it's so hard for us to reach it, said Robert Maurer, who recently wrote the book One Small Step Can Change Your Life. “What we try to do is to begin with such a small step that we can't find any excuse not to do it.”

    “Kaizen”, a Japanese word, is used to mean to change behavior and attitudes. During World WarⅡ, American factory managers were able to increase productivity by trying small, continuous improvements instead of sudden changes. After the war, the idea was brought to a rebuilding Japan. It made Japan develop fast. The Japanese called it “Kaizen”, which means “improvement”.

    Maurer studied the idea and did some experiments with it. “Kaizen” could possibly help people succeed in doing everything.

（1）Robert Maurer wrote a book to tell us ______.

A. we should do everything in big steps             B. how to change one's life with one small step

C. we should try a lot of sudden changes          D. how to find a small step without any excuse

（2）The underlined part “increase productivity” in the passage means “______”.

A. 提高生产率                         B. 增加成本                         C. 增加出口量                         D. 提高待遇

（3）The writer of the passage suggests we should ______.

A. make changes at the end of the year             B. do few experiments with “Kaizen”

C. do things with hard to achieve goals             D. take a tiny step to achieve big goals

（4）Which of the following is TRUE from the passage?

A. You can achieve your goals if you are not too busy.          B. Robert Maurer studied “kaizen” and found it helpful.

C. You can't find any excuse not to reach a big goal.          D. “Kaizen” was brought to Japan during World WarⅡ.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了应忘记太大的、难以实现的目标，只想想小的目标，一步步地去实现它。

（1）B细节理解题。根据who recently wrote the book One Small Step Can Change Your Life（最近写了一本书《一小步可以改变你的生活》）可知，故选B

（2）A细节理解题。根据by trying small, continuous improvements instead of sudden changes（通过尝试一个小的、持续的进步来代替突然地改变）可知，选A

（3）D细节理解题。根据Forget the too big, hard-to-achieve goals and just think about the small ones（忘记太大的、难以实现的目标，只想想小的）可知，本题选D

（4）B细节理解题。根据Maurer studied the idea and did some experiments with it（莫勒学习了这个主意，然后做了一些实验）可知，本题选B

【点评】本文属于议论文，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

5．阅读理解

        In a nice house there lived an old man. Behind the house there was a big garden. He planted many plants there. He took care of his flowers all the time, watering and fertilizing （施肥） them.

       One day a young man went by the garden. He looked at the beautiful flowers, imagining how happy he could be if he lived in such a beautiful place. Then, suddenly he found the old gardener was blind. He was very _________ about this and asked, “You can't see these flowers. Why are you busy taking care of them every day?”

       The old man smiled and said, “I can tell you some reasons  . First, I was a gardener when I was young, and I really like this job. Second, although I can't see these flowers, I can touch them. Third, I can smell the sweetness of them. As to the last one, that's you.”       

       “Me? But you don't know me,” said the young man.

       “Yeah, it's true that I don't know you. But I know that flowers are angels that everybody knows. We enjoy the happiness these flowers have brought us.”

       The blind man's work opened our eyes and pleased our heart, which also made his life happier. It was just like Beethoven, who became deaf in his later life and wrote many great musical words. Beethoven himself couldn't hear  his wonderful music, but his music has encouraged millions of people to face their difficulties bravely. Isn't it one kind of happiness?

（1）Which is the best word we can put in the blanket”___________” in Paragraph 2?  

A. excited.                           B. surprised.                           C. worried.                           D. relaxed.

（2）How many reasons did the old man mentioned??  

A. Three                                     B. Four                                     C. Five                                     D. Six

（3）What was the correct order in which these events happened?

  a. The old man explained.                     b. The young man went by the garden.

  c. The old man watered the flowers.     d. The young man found the old man was blind.

A. b-c-a-d                             B. c-b-a-d                             C. b-c-d-a                             D. c-b-d-a

（4）Who is Beethoven?  

A. The young man.                 B. The old man.                 C. A gardener.                 D. A musician.

（5）What is the best title for the text？  

A. The Wise Young Man                                       B. The Nice Flowers

C. The Blind Gardener                                          D. A Kind of Happiness.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

（5）D

【解析】【分析】

⑴词义猜测。excited兴奋的；surprised吃惊的；worried担心的；relaxed放松的。根据语境可知“他突然发现老园丁是盲人”，所以他非常“惊讶”，问他，“你看不见这些花儿，为什么每天照顾他们。”故选B。

⑵细节理解。根据文章中老人的话 Third, I can smell the sweetness of them. As to the last one, that's you可知老人一共列出了四个理由，故选B。

⑶细节理解。根据文章描述可知，老人在浇花儿，一个年轻人经过，发现老人是盲人，他感到好奇，问老人原因，老人做出解释，故选D。

⑷推理判断。根据最后一段Beethoven himself couldn't hear  his wonderful music, but his music has encouraged millions of people to face their difficulties bravely.可知贝多芬是一位音乐家。故选D。

⑸主旨大意。本文通过一位年轻人与失明的园丁的对话折射出一个道理，给别人带来快乐也是一种快乐。故选D。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。

6．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的（A、B、C和D）四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    When a man was walking by some elephants, he suddenly stopped He wondered why these huge animals were being held only by a small rope tied to their front legs. No chains, no cages. It was clear that the elephants could break the rope at any time, but for sonic reason, they did not.

    He saw a trainer nearby and asked why the animals just stood there and didn't try to get away. "Well," the trainer said, "when they were very young and much smaller, we used the same rope to keep them from running away. At that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break tile rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they never try to break free."

    The man was surprised. These animals could break flee whenever they wanted, but because they believed they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were.

    How many of us go through life like the elephants-holding onto the belief that we cannot do something simply because we failed at it once before?

    Failure is a part of learning. If we failed once, it doesn't mean we can never succeed. If we try again and again, maybe we will succeed one day. So don't be afraid of failure and keep on trying.

（1）Why did the elephants never try to break the rope after they grew up?

A. Because they liked being tied.                       B. Because they were too weak to break it.

C. Because they didn't want to break it.            D. Because they thought they couldn't break it.

（2）The underlined word "stuck" in Paragraph 3 means"         ".

A. left                                  B. caught                                  C. killed                                  D. found

（3）What does the writer want to tell us?

A. Elephants should be set flee.

B. Failure can help us succeed.

C. Never let failure stop you from trying again.

D. People should look after the elephants well.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文 主要介绍了一个男人看到大象被绳子绑住了一只脚而不逃走，由此引发对人生的思考。

（1）细节题。根据原文提到了 As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break tile rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they never try to break free. 可知大象小时候被绑住，长大了以后依然认为绳子可以拴住他们，故选D。

（2）推断题。根据原文提到了  because they believed they couldn't, 可知他们认为自己已经被这根绳子困住了，故选B。

（3）主旨大意题。根据原文提到了  If we failed once, it doesn't mean we can never succeed. If we try again and again, maybe we will succeed one day. 可知作者想告诉我们永远不要被困难打倒，坚强起来，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

7．阅读理解

    One day, while I was waiting for my father, I saw a little boy, around two years old, running freely on the grass as his mother watched from a short distance. The boy had a big smile on his face as if he had just been set free from some sort of prison（监狱） . The boy would then fall to the grass, get up, without looking back at his mother, run as fast as he could, again, still with a smile on his face, as if nothing had happened.

    At that moment, I thought to myself, "Why aren't most adults this way?" Most adults, when they fall down, make a big deal out of it and don't even make a second attempt. They would be so embarrassed that they would not try again if someone saw them fall. Or, because they fall, they would find a good excuse for themselves that they're not fit for it. They would end up being too afraid to attempt again for fear of failure（失败） .

    However, with kids, when they fall down, they don't consider their falling down as a failure, instead, they treat it as a learning experience. They try again and again until they succeed.  The answer must be that they have not connected "falling down" with the word "failure". What's more, they probably think to themselves that it's quite okay to fall down and that it's not wrong to do so.  In other words, they allow themselves to make mistakes, so they remain energetic.

    I was deeply impressed by the boy's persistence（坚持不懈） and the manner in which he did.

（1）What did the little boy do when he fell down?

A. He cried and lay on the grass.                         B. He asked his mother for help.

C. He got up and went on running.                    D. He got up and stood there crying.

（2）In the writer's opinion, what might the little boy regard his falling down as?

A. A failure.             B. A joke.             C. An interesting game.             D. A learning experience.

（3）In the writer's opinion, why can't many adults succeed?

A. Because they are afraid of being embarrassed.

B. Because they can't find a good excuse.

C. Because once they fail, they won't attempt again.

D. Because they don't allow themselves to make mistakes.

（4）The underlined word " attempt" in Paragraph 2 means       .

A. 尝试                                     B. 放弃                                     C. 面对                                     D. 怀疑

（5）What does the writer want to tell us?

A. Practice makes perfect.                                    B. Failure is the mother of success.

C. All roads lead to Rome.                                    D. Each coin has two sides.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述的是作者的一次观察男孩跌倒后自由奔跑所得到的启示。在我们成长过程中，我们不能从容面对失败和困难，而变得虚伪和恐惧，我们需要真实的自我和面对失败的勇气。

（1）细节理解题。根据句中第一段第三句：“The boy would then fall to the grass, get up, without looking back at his mother, run as fast as he could, again.可知，小男孩时不时地跌倒，爬起来。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据However, with kids, when they fall down, they don't consider their falling down as a failure, instead, they treat it as a learning experience.可知对于孩子们来说，当他们跌倒时，他们不认为跌倒是个失败，相反，他们把它当作一次学习经历。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据Most adults, when they fall down, make a big deal out of it and don't even make a second attempt. 大部分的成年人，当他们失败的时候只会小题大做，甚至不愿意再做第二次尝试。故选C。

（4）词义猜测题。根据They would be so embarrassed that they would not try again.大部分的成年人，当他们失败的时候只会觉得尴尬，不愿意再做第二次尝试。故选A。

（5）主旨大意题。从全文中可以看出作者对于失败是很乐观的，失败了可以当做一次学习的机会，以后再尝试。再就是端正态度，失败是不可避免的，要想得通。故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；其次带着问题通读全文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

8．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。    We moved away from my grandmother when I was eight years old. I missed her a lot. I was her favorite granddaughter and she was my favorite grandma.

    Two years later my mother and father separated and soon divorced. I felt as if my world was falling apart. I lived with my mother for a time, next door to my grandma and grandpa in an apartment while my father was away during World War Ⅱ.

    Grandma never had much in the way of money or material things. But it was the little things she gave me that let me feel warm, like letting me dip my fingers in the sugar bowl, letting me sip the coffee from her cup or allowing me to sit on the table as I had meals.

    Though she didn't have much, she did something for my brother and me. I will always remember she saved her coins in a glass jar. I thought my grandma could have used these coins herself, but she saved them to give us when we came to visit her.

    I don't remember how much we collected on our visits, nor was the amount（数目）important. It was the idea that she remembered us, and cared about us when we were away from her.

（1）What happened to the writer when she was eight years old?

A. She moved away from her grandma.             B. She moved away from her parents.

C. She lived with her grandparents.                    D. She lived with her aunt.

（2）What does the underlined word“divorced” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2?

A. 和好                                     B. 打架                                     C. 离婚                                     D. 生气

（3）The writer's grandma allowed her to do many things. Which of the following is not mentioned?

A. The writer could dip her fingers in the sugar bowl.          B. The writer was allowed to sip the coffee from her grandma's cup.

C. The writer could sit on the table while having meals.          D. The writer was allowed to collect coins in a glass jar.

（4）For whom did the writer's grandma save her coins?

A. For her son.              B. For her grandchildren.              C. For the poor.              D. For herself.

（5）What can we learn from the passage?

A. The writer disliked her childhood.                  B. The writer complained about her parents.

C. The writer missed her grandma so much.          D. The writer wanted to have her grandma's money.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了作者祖母虽然没有多少金钱或物质，但是通过用心的为孙子（女）做的小事情，让作者感到非常的温暖，感受到浓浓的爱。

（1）细节理解题。根据短文开头We moved away from my grandmother when I was eight years old.，可知作者八岁时和祖父母分开了，故选A。

（2）词义猜测题。根据上文Two years later my mother and father separated我的父母分居及后文I felt as if my world was falling apart.作者感到世界分崩离析，可知父母离婚了，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据letting me dip my fingers in the sugar bowl, letting me sip the coffee from her cup or allowing me to sit on the table as I had meals.可知不包括在玻璃罐子里收集硬币。故选D。

（4）细节理解题。根据I thought my grandma could have used these coins herself, but she saved them to give us when we came to visit her.可知祖母是为了孙子（女）赞硬币。故选B。

（5）细节理解题。根据作者对祖母温情的回忆，可知作者非常爱自己的祖父母，非常想念她。对比选项，故选C。

【点评】阅读考题中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。

9．阅读理解

    The engine of a giant ship broke down, so the ship lost its power. The owner of the ship was very worried. The owner of the ship was very worried. He sent for one expert after another, but none of them could figure out （弄清楚） how to fix the engine. Then an old man who had been fixing ships since he was young was brought in.

    The old man carried a large bag of tools with him. When he arrived, he went to work immediately. He examined the engine very carefully, from top to bottom. The owner of the ship stood there, watching the old man's every move. After looking things over, the old man reached into his bag and pulled out a small hammer （锤子）. He tapped （敲打） something gently. The engine started back up at once. He then put his hammer away carefully. The engine was fixed

    A week later, the owner of the ship received a bill from the old man for $ 10,000.

    So he wrote the old man a note saying, Please send me an itemized （逐条记录的） bill.

    The man sent a bill that read:

    Tapping with a hammer -$2

    Knowing where to tap -$9,998

    Effort （努力） is important, but knowing where to put the effort in your life is more important.

（1）How did the owner of the ship feel when the engine broke down?

A. Excited                             B. Worried                             C. Tired                             D. Interested

（2）After pulling out a small hammer, the old man    .

A. looked things over rapidly                              B. reached into his bag secretly

C. tapped something gently                                D. put his hammer away carefully

（3）According to the itemized bill, knowing where to tap cost    .

A. $10.000                                  B. $9,998                                  C. $9996                                  D. $2

（4）What's the main idea of the text?

A. Effort is very important when you are in trouble.

B. Fixing the engine of a giant ship costs too much.

C. Putting the effort in the right place is more important.

D. Losing the engine s power is the reason for asking for help.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了通过讲老人怎样修好引擎的故事告诉我们努力是很重要的，但知道把努力放在生活中的哪个地方更重要。

（1）细节题。根据The owner of the ship was very worried.可知船的主人是担心的，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据After looking things over, the old man reached into his bag and pulled out a small hammer （锤子）. He tapped （敲打） something gently.看完之后，老人把手伸进包里拿出一把小锤子。他轻轻地拍了一下东西。故选C。

（3）细节题。根据Knowing where to tap -$9,998可知知道敲哪里值$9,998，故选B。

（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了通过讲老人怎样修好引擎的故事告诉我们努力是很重要的，但知道把努力放在生活中的哪个地方更重要。故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

10．阅读理解

    Today the word friendship has been used so often that it has lost its meaning. Someone even says that friends are made to be used. It makes me very sad.

    True friendship doesn't mean that when you need your friend's help, you will treat him to dinner, and when you have to protect yourself, you will put your friends in a difficult situation.

    In fact, true friendship is the communication and understanding of the hearts.

    True friendship is like water. Compared with decent wine, water is tasteless, but is of great help when we are thirsty. True friends don't need to be with each other every day, but are connected in heart every minute.

    True friendship is like medicine. Though it is bitter, it cures your illness. True friends give you some suggestions even if they know you would not take. They criticize you when others have a good word for you, not because of envy but worrying that you may lose your cool head.

    True friendship has nothing to do with fame, power or money. True friends would often watch you silently far away when you are influential, but come to you whenever you need their help. You're not his stepping-stone to success, but are his crutch（依靠） to live through difficulties.

    True friends make you complete. Many persons go along with you through your life—your parents, your spouse（配偶）, and your children, who take care of you and make your life happy. However, you still need someone who understands your thoughts and souls. Without them, you are likely to be unhealthy in spirit.

    True friends stay in your heart, rather than at your side; they know you more than yourself, and try to better you.

（1）What makes the writer sad?

A. Someone doesn't understand friendship.      B. Someone makes wrong friends.

C. Someone doesn't treasure friendship.            D. Someone blames their friends.

（2）Why does the writer compare friendship with water?

A. Because it has no taste.                                   B. Because it is important to our life.

C. Because it is easy to get.                                  D. Because it stays with us every day.

（3）The underline word "stepping-stone" in Paragraph 6 means "_____" in Chinese.

A. 踏脚石                                    B. 阻碍                                    C. 支撑                                    D. 对手

（4）What is true friendship related to（和…有关） according to the writer?

A. Understanding of the hearts and fame.         B. Power and fame.

C. Communication of the hearts.                        D. Fame, power or money.

（5）According to the passage, true friends many help you _____.

A. keep healthy                                                     B. achieve success

C. understand them better                                  D. make yourself complete

【答案】 （1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

（5）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：友谊是很重要的，朋友不是你通往成功的垫脚石，而是你风雨中的依靠，友谊不是时时刻刻在一起而是心与心的交流，有了朋友你才会更完美。

（1）细节理解题，根据 Someone even says that friends are made to be used. It makes me very sad. 可知，作者难过的原因是有人把当做使用的工具，他们不珍视友谊，故答案是C。

（2）细节理解题，根据 water is tasteless, but is of great help when we are thirsty. True friends don't need to be with each other every day, but are connected in heart every minute. 可知，友情是必不可少的，对我们是重要的。故答案是B。

（3）词义猜测题，根据倒数第三段的描述可知，当你有权势的时候，你的朋友经常在远处默默地注视着你，但是一旦你需要他，他过来帮助你，是你困难中的依靠，而不是通往成功的垫脚石，因此横线词是垫脚石的意思，故答案是A。

（4）细节理解题，根据 True friends don't need to be with each other every day, but are connected in heart every minute. 可知，朋友未必总是在一起，而是分分钟钟的心的交流，故答案是C。

（5）细节理解题，根据 True friends make you complete.可知朋友能是你完美，故答案是D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了推理判断题，细节理解题和词义猜测题，细节理解题一般比较简单，可以直接从文中找到答案，推理判断题则需要结合前后文进行合理的想象，得出正确的结论，词义猜测题需要结合具体语境推断出单词的意思。