聪明文档网

    聪明文档网

    最新最全的文档下载
    当前位置： 首页> 2020年7月四级真题完整版及解析

    2020年7月四级真题完整版及解析

    时间：    下载该word文档
    2020年7月四级真题完整版及解析
    听力部分四级新闻部分
    Newsreport1
    …partsofScotlandcoveredbytheorangealerttoavoidtravelonWednesday,'thisiswhathesaidtous.Theorangewarningmayberaisedtoredinsomeareas.ThatisawarningforsnowthathasneverbeenseensincethemodernsystemcameintoplaceinScotland.Theorangewarninghasbeenextendeduntil6p.m.onThursday.Trains,planesandferriesarealsolikelytobeaffected,withwindchillthatcouldseepartsofBritainfeelingascoldas-15C.Theheadofroadpolicingsaid,'Iwouldurgedriverstotakeextracareontheroadsfortheirjourneys.Driversshouldmakesuretheyarepreparedfortheirjourneywithwarmclothing,foodanddrink,sufficientfuelandachargedmobilephone.Therecouldbe
    significanttrafficdelays,sopleasestarttoplanyourjourneynowtoconsiderifyoureallyneedtotravelonconditionsofthis...
    Question1:WhatwerepeopleatpartsofScotlandadvisedtodo?Question2:Whatdidtheheadofroadpolicingurgedriverstodo?NewsReport2
    Romania'swetlandsarecomingbacktolife,thankstohelpfromlocalcommunities,theWorldWildlifeFundandfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion.Roughly2,224acresofthepicturesqueDanubeDelta-hometo300speciesofbirds-havefilledwithwildlife.Thelandhasbeenconnectedtothenetworkoflakesandstreamsinthearea.'Alotofbirdshavemigratedtotheareaandonedoesn'tneedtotravellonghoursanymoreorgotootherlakestowatchthebirds,'sayslonMeuta,DeputyMayorofMahmudia.TheareaaroundMahmudia,whichisaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,isthethird-mostbiodiverseintheworld,afterAustralia'sGreatBarrierReefandtheGalapagosIslands.Groupsusedearth-movingequipmenttorestorethewaterways.Governmentofficialsproposedtoprotectthearea'sendangeredwildfishbyissuingafishingbanoverthenextdecade.3.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?
    4.Whatdidgovemnment'sofficialsproposetodotoprotecttheendangeredfish?四级新闻－3PartIlSectionA
    ScottDunn,recentlyawokefromamedically-inducedsleephe'dbeeninafteracaraccident.Hewasheartbrokenafterrealizinghe'dmissedhishighschoolgraduation.Hisclassmatesdecidedtogivehimasecondchance.ItwasjustamonthagothatEastJuniataHighSchoolseniorsmetintheschool'sauditoriumforgraduation.Andlastweek,theydiditagain.Scott'scaraccidentwasonMay22nd,just3daysbeforetheceremony.rememberwakingupinthehospitalandaskingmom,'Whatdayitwas',shetoldmeitwasthe28th.'Hesaid,'Ilookedatherandsaid,'Imissedmygraduation."Theschool'sprincipal,Mr.Fausey,calledScott'smomKarenandsaidthateverybodywantstodosomethingspecialforhim.Studentsworetheircapsandgownsandsatinthefrontoftheauditorium.Scott'sparents,KarenandScottSenior,satfrontandcenter.Afterbriefspeeches,Scott'snamewascalled,onlyScott'sname.Hewalkedacrossthestageastheaudiencecheered.Agraduationforone."l'm
    speechless,'Scottsaid."Idon'tknowhowtoevenexplainit.I'mspeechlesstoknowthatso

    1

    manypeoplearebehindme.”
    Questions5-7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.Question5:WhathappenedtoScotamonthago?
    Question6:WhatdidScotaskaboutwhenheregainedconsciousness?Question7:WhywasScotspeechlessatthegraduationceremony?
    四级第章－1Passageone
    Thereisasayingthatgoessomethingalongthelinesof'Youmustloveyourselffirstbeforeyoucanlovesomeoneelse.'Similarly,Ipersonallybelievethatyoumustbecomfortableandhappyinyourowncompanybeforeyoucantrulybeyourselfinthecompanyofothers.Thereisamassivedifferencebetweenbeinglonelyandbeingalone.Lonelinessisahorriblefeeling.However,youdon'thavetoactuallybealonetofeelthatway.Manytimes,I'vefeltlonelywhensurroundedbyabiggroupofpeople.Incontrast,beingalonecanactuallybeablessing,particularly,whenyou'veactivelychosenit.Inmyexperience,beingboredandaloneisdangerousandcaneasilyleadtothefeelingofloneliness.Thetrickistobeactive.Getoutside,stretchyourlegs,dosomethingcultural,buyyourselfsomethingtastytoeatorsomethingprettytowear.Youdon'thavetotakeanyoneelseintoconsiderationandcandowhateveryouplease.Spendingtimealonealsoallowsyoutomoreefficientlytakecareofproblems.Andthen,whenit'stimetobesocialandmeetupwithyourfriends,youwillbefullythere,becauseyouwon'thavetoomuchotherstufffloatingaroundinyourmind.Havingbeenaloneforabit,youwillalsoappreciateyourfriends'companymoreandchancesareyourtimespenttogetherwillbemoreworthwhile.
    Question16:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbeingalone?
    Question17:Whatdoesthespeakersayhowtoreduceone'sfeelingofloneliness?Question18:Whatisanadvantageofspendingone'stimealone?
    四级篇章－2
    WhenIturnedtwelve,Iworkedsummersatmyfather'ssmallbrickcleaningbusiness.I
    remembertheharshacidsmellofthecleaningsolution,andthescrapingsoundofstiffironbrushesagainstroughbrick.Itwastemptingtohaveyourjobjustfinish.ButanybodywhoworkedforThomasKahoonhadtomeethisstandards,andthatincludeofme.IfImessedup.hemademestaylateuntilIgotitright.
    Myfatherwasn'tbeenme.Hedemandedthesameathimself.verybrickhecleanedonthehousestoodoutlikearedjewelinawhitesetting.Itwashissignature.
    In1970,whenIwastwenty,Igotmarried.Imovedoutmyparent'smodestplaceintoahousingproject.
    Drugsandgangviolentwerejustbeginningtoplaguetheprojects.Someofmyfriendwenttojail.Somewerekilled.MywifeVerllen,was18,andnobodygaveourmarriageachance.Butwebelievedineachother.Andourfaithmadeusstrong.
    Whenwemarried,IworkedasastockclerkatSouthwestSuperFood.Itwashard,
    tediouswork.EachFridaynightatruckcame,withcasesoffoodthathadtobeunloaded,pricedandplacedonshelves.
    MostofstockclerkstrytogetFridaynightoff.ButIwasalwaysreadytowork.BySaturdaymorning,allthekindsanddrawersinmyaislewouldplacewithalabelfacingsmartlyout,likealineofsoldiersonreview.Thatwasmysignature.Itookprideinajobnobodywanted.19.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeaker'sfather?

    2

    20.Whatdoesthespeaksayaboutthehousingproject?21.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakerasastockclerk?四级篇章－3
    Watchingmorethan3hoursoftelevisionadaydoublesmemorylossinolderpeople,anewstudyofmorethan3,000adultssuggests.ScientistatUniversityCollegeLondonused
    memoryandfluencytestsonthesamegroupofpeople6yearsapart.Theyfoundthatthosewhowatchedonaveragelessthan3hourstelevisionadayshowedadeclineeverround4to5percent,whilethosewhotendedtowatchmorethan3hoursadaydeclinedbyanaverageof8to10percent.Theresearchteamsaytheybelievethealertbutpassivenatureof
    televisionwatchingmaybecreatingstressonthemind,whichcontributestomemorydecline.Olderpeoplewhowatchmoretelevisionarealsolesslikelytoundertakeactivitiesknowingtopreservementalfunctioning,suchasreadingorinteractivescreenbasepursuits,suchasusingtheinternetorplayingvideogames.TheresearcherssaythattelevisionviewingmaybeariskfactorforallAlzheimer'sdisease,butmoreresearchesneededtoestablishalink.Whilewatchingtelevisionmayhaveeducationalbenefitsandrelaxationbenefits,theresearchersadvisethatadultsovertheageof50shouldtryandensurethattelevision
    viewingisbalancedwithothercontrastingactivities.Ifyou'reconcernedthattheamountoftelevisionyou'rewatchingcouldhaveanegativeimpactonyourhealth,youshouldeliminatetheamountofTVwatcheachdayandundertakesomehealthyhobbies.问题：
    22.BywhatmeansdoesscientistatUniversityCollegeLondonmeasurememorylost?23.Whatcontributedtomemorydeclineintheparticipants?
    24.WhatdidtheresearcherssayabouttheirfindingconcerningthelinkbetweenTVviewingandxxxthisdisease?
    25.Whatdotheresearcherssuggestolderpeopledo?
    四级长对话－1Conversation1
    M:Howdoyoulikeyournewflexibleworkinarrangement?Doyouenjoyworkingfromhome?
    W:Yesandno,Ifindanisolationchallengingattimes,apartfommymother,nottoomanypeopleIknow,havetimeforphonechatduringworkinghour.ItriedthelibrarybutfoundIwasn'treallykeenonworkingthere.
    M:No.neitherwouldl.Ifindthelibraryabittooquiet.I'dlackinspirationorstimulation,whichwouldbecounter-productivetogettingalotofworkdone.
    W:Ifoundthesamething.So,lately,I'vebeengoingouttoCafesoccasionally,1lovethenoise,thepeople.thebusynessofaCafe,thesenseofbeingoutintheworld.
    M:Coffeeshopsseemtohaveaffectivelybecomeoffspacesforsomanypeopleinthisdigitalage.ThoughI'mnotsurehowCafeownersfeelaboutit-havingsomanypeoplewhogotothatplacestoworkratherthandrinkandeat.
    W:Yes,somepeopleseemtospendalotoftimethereandnotordermuch.Themost
    annoyingoneforCafeownersmusttrulybethose,usuallyonlytwoofthem,whooccupyatableforsixwiththeirlaptopsandpaperwork.
    M:Theyshouldsitatatablefortwo.notthetableforsix.Someobviouslystaysolong,theyneedtoplugthelaptopsintoapoweradapter.Inearlytrippedoversomeone'scomputer

    3

    electricalleadtheotherdayinmylocalcafe.
    W:It'sadouble-edgedsword,nodoubtaboutthat.foraCafeowner.Whileremoteworkershelptokeepthecafefullinquiettimes,theycantakeupvaluabletablespaceandbusyperiod.Questions
    8.Whatdoesthewomansayisthedisadvantageofworkingfromhome?
    9.Whatdoesthemansayiscounter-productivetogettingworkdoneinthelibrary?10.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutdoingone'sworkinacafe?11.Whatismostannoyingforcafeownersaccordingtothewoman?
    四级长对话－2Conversation2
    W:I'mgoingtostartworkingforanotherjob.Ican'tseemyselfgettinganopportunitytoprogressonmycompanyanytimeinthenearfuture.AndIreallythinkmyskillsandabilitiesdeserveahighersalary.
    M:Youarenotgoingtoquit,areyou?
    W:I'mthinkingImightaswell.ThenIcandevotemoretimeandenergytofindmeabetterpositionatanothercompany.
    M:Butyou'vebeeninyourpresentcompanylessthantwoyears.,haven'tyou?Thiswouldbethethirdtimeyou'veleftyourjobinthelastfiveyears.Ifyoudoseveraljobsinarelativelyshortspanoftime,perspectiveemployersmightseethatyoulackloyalty.Thatcouldmakethemworryandreluctanttoemployyou.
    W:Unfortunately,loyaltydoesn'tpay.EvenifIgetapromotionatmycompany,it'slikelytobelesssizeablethanifIweretogetajobelsewhere.AndevenifIgetapromotion,I'mnotguaranteedtogetaraise.IhadthatexperienceatanothercompanyIworkedup.
    M:Theywantyoutotakeonmoreworkandresponsibilitybutforthesameamountofmoney?
    W:Moreorless,yes.ThewayIseeit,throughhavingdifferentjobs,I'Vgotalotofexperience,anddifferentjobsandindifferentindustries.
    M:Butpotentialemployersmightworryaboutthatexperienceisnotdeep,orthoroughenough.
    W:Perhaps,butIfeelprettyconfidentthatIcansellmyself.Youknowwhattheysay,fortunefavorsthebrave.
    Q12:Whatmakesthewomanthinkaboutchangingherjob?
    Q13:Whatdoesthemansayaboutpeoplewhokeepchangingtheirjobs?
    Q14:Whatdoesthewomansaywouldhappenevenifshegotpromotedinhercurrentcompany?
    Q15:Whatbenefithasthewomangainfromchangingherjobsfrequently?选词填空
    “Scienceandeverydaylifecannotandshouldnotbeseparated."ThosewerethewordsutteredbypioneeringBritishscientistRosalindFranklin,whofirmlybelievedthatthepursuitofscienceshouldbe(26__toall.
    Asawomanworkinginthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.Franklin'scontributionstosomeofthegreatestscientificdiscoveriesofourtime·includingthestructureofDNA·weresadly(27_inherlifetime.Oneofmyproudestmomentsinmyroleasuniversitiesandscience

    4

    ministerwasbeingabletogosomewaytoredressthisinjusticelastmonth,byunveilingthenewMarsrovernamedafterthisbrilliantBritishscientist.
    Today,onInternationalWomen'sDay,itisonlyrightthatwerecognisetheimportantworkoffemalescientistslikeFranklinandsccktohonourhermemorybyinspiringmorewomenandgirlstofollowinherfootsteps.
    Morethan60yearsafterFranklin'sdeath,weare(28__livinginadifferentworld,wherewomenplayanimportantpartineveryechelonofoursociety=notleastinscience,innovation,highereducationandresearch.
    UKuniversitiesareworldleaderswhenitcomestoadvancingand(29__genderequality.TheAthenaSWANcharter,initiallyestablishedtoimprovetherepresentationofwomeninscientificdisciplinesinhighereducation,nowhas145members.Ithasalsoexpandedtopromotegenderequalityinmultipledisciplines-includingthearts,socialsciences,humanities,businessandlaw.
    Inthepastdecade,wehaveseena(30__increaseinEnglandinthenumberof
    womenacceptedontofull-timeundergraduatedegreesinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(Stemsubjects.Andinthelastacademicyear,women(31_formorethanhalfofallStempostgraduatesatUKuniversities.Thegovernmentistakingfurtherstepstoimprovewomen'srepresentationinscienceandhastodayawardednineinspiringwomenf50,000todevelopinventionstotacklethechallengesandseizetheopportunitieswefaceasasocicty.Fromnewmaterialstocutdownonplasticspollutiontospecialdevicestoimprovepostureandcomfortforwheelchairusers,thesewomenareattheforefrontofcreatingthenewtechnologyfortomorrow.
    Thisissignificantprogress,butaccesstohighereducationisonlyhalfoftheequation.Tohaverealequalityinthesector,weneedtoensuretalentedwomenareabletoprogressintotheacademicandleadershiprolestheydesire,andgettheremunerationtheydeserve.Datashowsusthe(32_tosuccessgetsharderforwomentoclimbthefurtheruptheygo.IAlthoughwomenmakeupthemajorityofundergraduatesinouruniversities,justunderhalfofacademicstaffarefemale.At(33_levels,onlyaquarterofprofessorsarewomen,andblackwomenmakeuplessthan2%ofallfemaleacademicstaff.
    Iwelcometheintroductionofpro-activestrategieslikethenewinitiativeattheUniversityofLeicester,whichIamvisitingtoday,toincreasethenumberoffemaleprofessorsby1.5%eachyear,withtheoverallgoalofhaving30%professorshipsheldbywomenby2020.
    Therearealsostarkdifferencesinpayacrossgrades.Thegenderpaygapbasedonmediansalariesacrossthesectorin2016-I7was13.7%,(34_thereisstillsomewaytogotoensurewomenarerisingthroughtherankstohighergradepositionsandbeingpaid(35_.Whenitcomestowomeninseniorleadershippositions,theproportionoffemalevicechancellorshasthankfullyrisen.from22%in2016to29%in2018.Yetthisisstillfarfromrepresentative.
    Onewayofensuringcqualitypermcatesthroughalllevelsofauniversityisbyenhancingthediversityofgoverningbodies,including
    PartIWriting
    Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheuseoftranslationapps.Youcanstartyouressaywiththesentence“Theuseoftranslationappsisbecomingincreasinglypopular.”Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

    5

    参考范文
    Theuseoftranslationappsisbecomingincreasinglypopular.Theyplayacriticalroleinremovingthelanguagebarrierinthisglobalizedera.
    Thesetechnologytoolsareespeciallyhelpfulforbothleisureandbusinesstravelers.Theyallowindependenttouriststonavigatethrougheverythingfromcommunicatingwithtaxidriverstobuyingsouvenirsatmarketstalls.Someevenprovidephrasebooksandencourageuserstolearncommonexpressionsbeforetheirtripssothat,forexample,theyknowhowtoaskaflightattendantforhelporunderstandwhatacustomsofficersays.Inaddition,appdevelopersarestrivingtointroducetheirproductsintothecommercialworld.Intermsofaccuracy,admittedly,translationappsaresofarnomatchforprofessionalinterpreters,whoareindispensabletoaninternationalbusinessconference.Buttheyaremorethanadequatetomeetthedemandforcasualconversationsbetweenbusinesspartners.
    Withever-increasingdatabasesofwrittenandspokentexts,thereisabrightprospectthatsuchsoftwareprogramswillbeappliedintobroaderfields.Agrowingnumberofpeople,inturn,willenjoythefruitsofthistechnologicaladvance.PartIIListeningComprehension(暂缺选项和答案SectionA
    NewsReportOne
    Goodmorning!Intoday’sheadlines,Scotland’stransportministerhaswarnedofpotentially"extreme"weatherconditionsasheavysnowisforecastacrossthecountrylaterthisweek.
    OrangewarningsareinforceformanyareasforWednesdayandThursday.ThetransportministeradvisedpeopleinpartsofScotlandcoveredbytheorangealerttoavoidtravelonWednesday.Thisiswhathesaidtous:“Theorangewarningmayberaisedtoredinsomeareas.ThatisawarningforsnowthathasneverbeenseensincethemodernsystemcameintoplaceinScotland.”
    Theorangewarninghasbeenextendeduntil6p.m.onThursday.Trains,planesandferriesarealsolikelytobeaffected,withawindchillthatcouldseepartsofBritainfeelingascoldas-15℃.Theheadofroadpolicingsaid,“Iwouldurgedriverstotakeextracareontheroadsfortheirjourneys.Driversshouldmakesuretheyarepreparedfortheirjourneywithwarmclothing,foodanddrink,sufficientfuelandachargedmobilephone.Therecouldbesignificanttrafficdelays,sopleasestarttoplanyourjourneynowandconsiderifyoureallyneedtotravelwhenconditionsarethispoor.”
    Q1:WhatwerepeopleinpartsofScotlandadvisedtodo?Q2:Whatdidtheheadofroadpolicingurgedriverstodo?NewsReportTwo
    Romania'swetlandsarecomingbacktolifethankstohelpfromlocalcommunities,theWorldWildlifeFund,andfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion.
    Roughly2,224acresofthepicturesqueDanubeDelta–hometo300speciesofbirds–havefilledwithwildlife.Thelandhasbeenconnectedtothenetworkoflakesandstreamsinthearea.“Alotofbirdshavemigratedtothearea,andonedoesn'tneedtotravellonghoursanymoreorgotootherlakestowatchthebirds,”saysIonMeuta,DeputyMayorofMahmudia.
    TheareaaroundMahmudia,whichisaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,isthethird-mostbiodiverse

    6

    intheworld,afterAustralia'sGreatBarrierReefandtheGalapagosIslands.
    Groupsusedearth-movingequipmenttorestorethewaterways.Governmentofficialsproposedtoprotectthearea'sendangeredwildfishbyissuingafishingbanoverthenextdecade.Q3:Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?
    Q4:Whatdidgovernment'sofficialsproposetodotoprotecttheendangeredfish?NewsReportThree
    ScottDunn,recentlyawokefromthemedically-inducedsleephe’dbeeninafteracaraccident.Hewasheartbrokenafterrealizinghe’dmissedhishighschoolgraduation,sohisclassmatesdecidedtogivehimanotherchance.ItwasjustamonthagothatEastJuniataHighSchoolseniorsmetintheschool’sauditoriumforgraduation.Andlastweek,theydiditagain.
    Scott'scaraccidentwasonMay22,just3daysbeforetheceremony.“Irememberwakingupinthehospitalandaskingmom,‘whatdateitwas’,shetoldmeitwasthe28th,”hesaid.“Ilookedatherandsaid,‘Imissedmygraduation’.”Theschool’sprincipal,Mr.Fausey,calledScott’smomKarenandsaidthateverybody“wantedtodosomethingspecialforhim”.Studentsworetheircapsandgownsandsatinthefrontoftheauditorium.Scott’sparents,KarenandScottSenior,satfrontandcenter.Afterbriefspeeches,Scott’snamewascalled,onlyScott’sname.Hewalkedacrossthestageastheaudiencecheered.Agraduationforone.“I’mspeechless,”Scottsaid.“Idon’tknowhowtoevenexplainit.I’mspeechlesstoknowthatsomanypeoplearebehindme.”Q5:WhathappenedtoScottamonthago?
    Q6:WhatdidScottaskaboutwhenheregainedconsciousness?Q7:WhywasScottspeechlessatthegraduationceremony?SectionB
    ConversationOne
    M:Howdoyoulikeyournewflexibleworkingarrangement?Doyouenjoyworkingfromhome?W:Yesandno.Ifindtheisolationchallengingattimes.Apartfrommymother,nottoomanypeopleIknowhavetimeforphonechatsduringworkinghours.ItriedthelibrarybutfoundIwasn’treallykeenonworkingthere.
    M:No,neitherwouldI.Ifindthelibraryabittooquiet.I’dlackinspirationorstimulation,whichwouldbecounter-productivetogettingalotofworkdone.
    W:Ifoundthesamething.So,lately,I’vebeengoingouttocafésoccasionally.Ilovethenoise,thepeople,thebusynessofacafé,thesenseofbeingoutintheworld.
    M:Coffeeshopsseemtohaveeffectivelybecomeofficespacesforsomanypeopleinthisdigitalage.ThoughI’mnotsurehowcaféownersfeelaboutit–havingsomanypeoplewhogototheirplacestoworkratherthandrinkandeat.
    W:Yes,somepeopleseemtospendalotoftimethereandnotordermuch.Themostannoyingonesforcaféownersmusttrulybethose,usuallyonlytwoofthem,whooccupyatableforsixwiththeirlaptopsandpaperwork.
    M:Theyshouldsitatatablefortwo,notatatableforsix.Someobviouslystaysolong,theyneedtoplugtheirlaptopsintoapoweroutlet.Inearlytrippedoversomeone’scomputerelectricalleadtheotherdayinmylocalcafé.
    W:It’sadouble-edgedsword,nodoubtaboutthat,foracaféowner.Whileremoteworkershelptokeepthecaféfullinquiettimes,theycantakeupvaluabletablespaceinbusyperiods.

    7

    Q8:Whatdoesthewomansayisthedisadvantageofworkingfromhome?
    Q9:Whatdoesthemansayiscounter-productivetogettingworkdoneinthelibrary?Q10:Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutdoingone’sworkinacafé?Q11:Whatismostannoyingforcaféownersaccordingtothewoman?ConversationTwo
    W:I’mgoingtostartlookingforanotherjob.Ican’tseemyselfgettinganopportunitytoprogressatmycompanyanytimeinthenearfuture.AndIreallythinkmyskillsandabilitiesdeserveahighersalary.
    M:Youarenotgoingtoquit,areyou?
    W:I’mthinkingImightaswell.ThenIcandevotemoretimeandenergytofindingabetterpositionatanothercompany.
    M:Butyou’vebeeninyourpresentcompanylessthantwoyears,haven’tyou?Thiswouldbethethirdtimeyou’veleftyourjobinthelastfiveyears.Ifyoudoseveraljobsinarelativelyshortspanoftime,prospectiveemployersmightperceivethatyoulackloyalty.Thatcouldmakethemworryandreluctanttoemployyou.
    W:Unfortunately,loyaltydoesn’tpay.EvenifIgetapromotionatmycompany,it’slikelytobelesssizeablethanifIweretogetajobelsewhere.AndevenifIgetapromotion,I’mnotguaranteedtogetaraise.IhadthatexperienceatanothercompanyIworkedat.
    M:Theywantedyoutotakeonmoreworkandresponsibilitybutforthesameamountofmoney?
    W:Moreorless,yes.ThewayIseeit,throughhavingdifferentjobs,I’vegatheredalotofexperienceindifferentjobsandindifferentindustries.
    M:Butpotentialemployersmightworrythatthatexperienceisnotdeep,orthoroughenough.W:Perhaps,butIfeelprettyconfidentthatIcansellmyself.Youknowwhattheysay,fortunefavorsthebrave.
    Q12:Whatmakesthewomanthinkaboutchangingherjob?
    Q13:Whatdoesthemansayaboutpeoplewhokeepchangingtheirjobs?
    Q14:Whatdoesthewomansaywouldhappenevenifshegotpromotedinhercurrentcompany?Q15:Whatbenefithasthewomangainedfromchangingherjobsfrequently?SectionCPassageOne
    Thereisasayingthatgoessomethingalongthelinesof‘Youmustloveyourselffirstbeforeyoucanlovesomeoneelse.’Similarly,Ipersonallybelievethatyoumustbecomfortableandhappyinyourowncompanybeforeyoucantrulybeyourselfinthecompanyofothers.
    Thereisamassivedifferencebetweenbeinglonelyandbeingalone.Lonelinessisahorriblefeeling.However,youdon’thavetoactuallybealonetofeelthatway.Manytimes,I’vefeltlonelywhensurroundedbyabiggroupofpeople.Incontrast,beingalonecanactuallybeablessing,particularly,whenyou’veactivelychosenit.
    Inmyexperience,beingboredandaloneisdangerousandcaneasilyleadtothefeelingofloneliness.Thetrickistobeactive.Getoutside,stretchyourlegs,dosomethingcultural,buyyourselfsomethingtastytoeatorsomethingprettytowear.Youdon’thavetotakeanyoneelseintoconsiderationandcandowhateveryouplease.
    Spendingtimealonealsoallowsyoutomoreefficientlytakecareofproblems.Andthen,whenit’stimetobesocialandmeetupwithyourfriends,youwillbefullythere,becauseyouwon’t

    8

    havetoomuchotherstufffloatingaroundinyourmind.Havingbeenaloneforabit,youwillalsoappreciateyourfriends’companymoreandchancesareyourtimespenttogetherwillbemoreworthwhile.
    Q16:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbeingalone?
    Q17:Whatdoesthespeakersayhelpsreduceone’sfeelingofloneliness?Q18:Whatisanadvantageofspendingone’stimealone?PassageTwoWhen
    WhenIIturnedturnedtwelvetwelve,,IIworkedworkedsummerssummersatatmymyfather’sfather’ssmallsmallbrickbrick--cleaningcleaningbusiness.business.IIrememberrememberthetheharshharshacidacidsmellsmellofofthethecleaningcleaningsolution,solution,andandthethescrapingscrapingsoundsoundofofstiffstiffironironbrushesbrushesagainstagainstroughroughbrick.brick.ItItwaswastemptingtemptingtotohurryhurryyouryourjobjobjustjusttotofinish.finish.ButButanybodyanybodywhowhoworkedworkedforforThomasThomasCahoonCahoonhadhadtotomeetmeethishisstandards,standards,andandthatthatincludedincludedme.me.IfIfIImessedmessedup,up,hehemademadememestaystaylatelateuntiluntilIIgotgotititright.right.MyMyfatherfatherwasn’wasn’ttbebeingingmean.mean.HeHedemandeddemandedthethesamesameofofhimself.himself.EveryEverybrickbrickhehecleancleanededononthethehousehousestoodstoodoutoutlikelikeaaredredjeweljewelininaawhitewhitesetting.setting.ItItwaswashishissignature.signature.In
    In1970,1970,whenwhenIIwaswastwenty,twenty,IIgotgotmarried,married,andandmovedmovedoutoutmymyparentsparents’’modestmodestplaceplaceintointoaahousinghousingproject.project.DrugsDrugsandandganggangviolenceviolencewerewerejustjustbeginningbeginningtotoplagueplaguethetheprojectprojects.s.SomeSomeofofmymyfriendsfriendswentwenttotojail.jail.SomeSomewerewerekilled.killed.MyMywife,wife,Valen,Valen,waswaseighteen,eighteen,andandnobodynobodygavegaveourourmarriagemarriageaachance.chance.ButButwewebelievedbelievedinineacheachother.other.AndAndourourfaithfaithmademadeususstrong.strong.
    Whenwemarried,IworkedasastockclerkatSouthwestSuperfoods.Itwashard,tediouswork.EachFridaynightatruckcame,withcasesoffoodthathadtobeunloaded,pricedandplacedonshelves.MostofstockclerkstriedtogetFridaynightoff.ButIwasalwaysreadytowork.BySaturdaymorning,allthecansandjarsinmyaislewouldbeplacedwithlabelsfacingsmartlyout,likealineofsoldiersonreview.Thatwasmysignature.Itookprideinajobnobodywanted.Q19:
    Q19:WhatWhatdodowewelearnlearnaboutaboutthethespeaker’sspeaker’sfather?father?Q20:
    Q20:WhatWhatdoesdoesthethespeakerspeakersaysayaboutaboutthethehousinghousingproject?project?Q21:
    Q21:WhatWhatdodowewelearnlearnaboutaboutthethespeakerspeakerasasaastockstockclerk?clerk?PassageThree
    Watchingmorethan3hoursoftelevisionadaydoublesmemorylossinolderpeople,anew

    9

    studyofmorethan3,000adultssuggests.ScientistsatUniversityCollegeLondonusedmemoryandfluencytestsonthesamegroupofpeople6yearsapart.Theyfoundthatthosewhowatchedonaveragelessthan3hours’televisionadayshowedadeclineofaround4to5percent,whilethosewhotendedtowatchmorethan3hoursadaydeclinedbyanaverageof8to10percent.Theresearchteamsaytheybelieve“alert-but-passive”natureoftelevisionwatchingmaybecreatingstressonthemind,whichcontributestomemorydecline.
    Olderpeoplewhowatchmoretelevisionarealsolesslikelytoundertakeactivitiesknowntopreservementalfunctioningsuchasreading,orinteractivescreen-basedpursuitssuchasusingtheinternetorplayingvideogames.TheresearcherssaythattelevisionviewingmaybeariskfactorforAlzheimer’sdisease,butmoreresearchwasneededtoestablishalink.
    Whilewatchingtelevisionmayhaveeducationalbenefitsandrelaxationbenefits,theresearchersadvisethatadultsovertheageof50shouldtryandensurethattelevisionviewingisbalancedwithothercontrastingactivities.Ifyou’reconcernedthattheamountoftelevisionyou’rewatchingcouldhaveanegativeimpactonyourhealth,youshouldlimittheamountofTVwatcheachdayandundertakesomehealthyhobbies.
    Q22.BywhatmeansdoesscientistatUniversityCollegeLondonmeasurememoryloss?Q23.Whatcontributedtomemorydeclineintheparticipants?
    Q24.WhatdidtheresearcherssayabouttheirfindingconcerningthelinkbetweenTVviewingandAlzheimer’sdisease?
    Q25.Whatdotheresearcherssuggestolderpeopledo?PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA
    （
    （暂缺干扰项暂缺干扰项））
    “Scienceandeverydaylifecannotandshouldnotbeseparated.”ThosewerethewordsutteredbypioneeringBritishscientistRosalindFranklin,whofirmlybelievedthatthepursuitofscienceshouldbe26toall.
    Asawomanworkinginthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,Franklin’scontributionstosomeofthegreatestscientificdiscoveriesofourtime—includingthestructureofDNA—weresadly27inherlifetime.Oneofmyproudestmomentsinmyroleasuniversitiesandscienceministerwasbeingabletogosomewaytoredressthisinjusticelastmonth,byunveilingthenewMarsrovernamedafterthisbrilliantBritishscientist.
    Morethan60yearsafterFranklin’sdeath,weare28livinginadifferentworld,wherewomenplayanimportantpartineveryechelonofoursociety—notleastinscience,innovation,highereducationandresearch.
    UKuniversitiesareworldleaderswhenitcomestoadvancingand29genderequality.TheAthenaSWANcharter,initiallyestablishedtoimprovetherepresentationofwomeninscientificdisciplinesinhighereducation,nowhas145members.Ithasalsoexpandedtopromotegenderequalityinmultipledisciplines—includingthearts,socialsciences,humanities,businessandlaw.Inthepastdecade,wehaveseena30increaseinEnglandinthenumberofwomenacceptedontofull-timeundergraduatedegreesinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(Stemsubjects.Andinthelastacademicyear,women31formorethanhalfofallStempostgraduatesatUKuniversities.Thegovernmentistakingfurtherstepstoimprovewomen’srepresentationinscienceandhastodayawardednineinspiringwomen£50,000todevelopinventionstotacklethe

    10

    challengesandseizetheopportunitieswefaceasasociety.Fromnewmaterialstocutdownonplasticspollutiontospecialdevicestoimprovepostureandcomfortforwheelchairusers,thesewomenareattheforefrontofcreatingthenewtechnologyfortomorrow.
    Thisissignificantprogress,butaccesstohighereducationisonlyhalfoftheequation.Tohaverealequalityinthesector,weneedtoensuretalentedwomenareabletoprogressintotheacademicandleadershiprolestheydesire,andgettheremunerationtheydeserve.
    Datashowsusthe32tosuccessgetsharderforwomentoclimbthefurtheruptheygo.Althoughwomenmakeupthemajorityofundergraduatesinouruniversities,justunderhalfofacademicstaffarefemale.At33levels,onlyaquarterofprofessorsarewomen,andblackwomenmakeuplessthan2%ofallfemaleacademicstaff.
    Therearealsostarkdifferencesinpayacrossgrades.Thegenderpaygapbasedonmediansalariesacrossthesectorin2016-17was13.7%,34thereisstillsomewaytogotoensurewomenarerisingthroughtherankstohighergradepositionsandbeingpaid35.AaccessibleBaccountedC…
    DappropriatelyEconsiderableF…GladderH…I…
    JoverlookedKpromotingLsenior
    M…
    NsuggestingOthankfully参考
    参考答案：答案：AJOKEBGLNDSectionB…
    SectionCPassageOne（
    （暂缺暂缺））PassageTwo（
    （暂缺暂缺54、、55题题））
    It’slateintheevening:timetoclosethebookandturnoffthecomputer.You’redonefortheday.Whatyoumaynotrealize,however,isthatthelearningprocessactuallycontinues—inyourdreams.
    Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersareincreasinglyfocusingontherelationshipbetweentheknowledgeandskillsourbrainsabsorbduringthedayandthefragmented,often

    11

    bizarreimaginingstheygenerateatnight.Scientistshavefoundthatdreamingaboutataskwe’velearned
    isassociatedwithimprovedperformanceinthatactivity(suggestingthatthere’ssometruthtothepopularnotionthatwe’re“getting”aforeignlanguageoncewebegindreaminginit.What’smore,researchersarecomingtorecognizethatdreamingisanessentialpartofunderstanding,organizingandretainingwhatwelearn—andthatdreamsmayevenholdoutthepossibilityofdirectingourlearningaswedoze.
    Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneural（神经的）（神经的）virtualreality.Avividexampleofsuchreenactmentcanbeseeninthisvideo,madeaspartofa2011studybyresearchersintheSleepDisordersUnitatPitié-SalpêtrièreHospitalinParis.Theytaughtaseriesofdancemovestoagroupofpatientswithconditionslikesleepwalking,inwhichthesleeperengagesinthekindofphysicalmovementthatisnormallyinhibitedduringslumber.Theythenvideotapedthesubjectsastheyslept.Lyinginbed,eyesclosed,thewomanonthetapedoesafaithfulrenditionofthedancemovesshelearnedearlier—“thefirstdirectandunambiguousdemonstrationofovertbehavioralreplayofarecentlylearnedskillduringhumansleep,”writesleadauthorDelphineOudiette.
    Ofcourse,mostofusarenotquitesoenergeticduringsleep—butourbrainsarebusynonetheless.Whileourbodiesareatrest,scientiststheorize,ourbrainsareextractingwhat’simportantfromtheinformationandeventswe’verecentlyencountered,thenintegratingthatdataintothevaststoreofwhatwealreadyknow—perhapsexplainingwhydreamsaresuchanoddmixtureoffreshexperiencesandoldmemories.Adreamaboutsomethingwe’vejustlearnedseemstobeasignthatthenewknowledgehasbeenprocessedeffectively.Ina2010studypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiology,researchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolreportedthatcollegestudentswhodreamedaboutacomputermazetasktheyhadlearnedshoweda10-foldimprovementintheirabilitytonavigatethemazecomparedtoparticipantswhodidnotdreamaboutthetask.
    RobertStickgold,oneoftheHarvardresearchers,suggeststhatstudyingrightbeforebedtimeortakinganapfollowingastudysessionintheafternoonmightincreasetheoddsofdreamingaboutthematerial.Butsomescientistsarepushingthenotionofenhancinglearningthroughdreamingevenfurther,askingsleeperstomentallypracticeskillswhiletheyslumber.InapilotstudypublishedinTheSportPsychologistjournalin2010,UniversityofBernpsychologistDanielErlacherinstructedparticipantstodreamabouttossingcoinsintoacup.Thosewhosuccessfullydreamedaboutthetaskshowedsignificantimprovementintheirreal-lifecoin-tossingabilities.ExperimentslikeErlacher’sraisethepossibilitythatwecouldtrainourselvestocultivateskillswhileweslumber.Thinkaboutthatasyourheadhitsthepillowtonight.51.Whatisscientists’findingaboutdreaming?AItinvolvesdisconnected,weirdimages.BItresemblesfragmentsofsciencefiction.
    CDreamingaboutalearningtaskbettersitsperformance.DDreamingaboutthingsbeinglearneddisturbsone’ssleep.52.Whathappenswhenoneentersadreamstate?
    AThebodycontinuestoactasifthesleeperwereawake.BTheneuralactivityofthebrainwillbecomeintensified.

    12

    CThebrainbehavesasifitwereplayingavirtualrealityvideogame.DThebrainonceagainexperiencesthelearningactivitiesoftheday.53.Whatdoesthebraindowhilewearesleeping?AItsystematizesallthedatacollectedduringtheday.BItsubstitutesoldinformationwithnewdata.CItprocessesandabsorbsnewlyacquireddata.
    DItclassifiesinformationandplacesitindifferentfiles.参考
    参考答案：答案：CDC
    PartIVTranslation在中国，火锅已有2000多年的历史，最早流行于最寒冷的地区，然后在很多地区盛行，出现了具有地方特色的种类。吃火锅时，家人和朋友围坐在桌边，桌子中间放着热腾腾的火锅。人们可以根据自己的口味放肉、海鲜、蔬菜和其他配料，自己烹饪。人们可以一边尽情地聊天，一边享受美餐。参考译文Hotpothasahistoryofover2,000yearsinChina.Initially,itwasonlypopularinthecoldestareasofChina,andsubsequentlybecamewidelyacceptedinmanyotherplaces,wheredistinctregionalvariationsdeveloped.Whenhavingahotpotmeal,familyandfriendssitaroundatablewithasteaminghotpotatthecenterofit.Peoplecanputtheirpreferredmeat,seafood,vegetablesandotheringredientsintothepottocooktheirownfood,andchattotheirhearts’contentoveragoodmeal.
    13

    免费下载 Word文档免费下载： 2020年7月四级真题完整版及解析

    TOP热门搜索

    相关推荐：

    建国70周年征文

    • ￥29.8

      ￥45 每天只需1.0元
      1个月 推荐

    • ￥9.9

      ￥15
      1天

    • ￥59.8

      ￥90
      3个月

    选择支付方式

    • 微信付款
    会员须知 联系在线客服 登录账号
    郑重提醒：支付后，系统自动为您完成注册

    请使用微信扫码支付(元)

    订单号：
    支付后，系统自动为您完成注册
    遇到问题请联系 在线客服

    常用手机号：
    用于找回密码
    图片验证码：
    看不清？点击更换
    短信验证码：
    新密码：
     
    绑定后可用手机号登录
    请不要关闭本页面，支付完成后请点击【支付完成】按钮
    遇到问题请联系 在线客服

    侵权投诉  © 2013-2019 http://www.tcm999.cn   站点地图 |  手机版

    本站文档均来自互联网及网友上传分享，本站只负责收集和整理，有任何问题可通过上访投诉通道进行反馈