2016年12月大学英语四级试题（第一套）。

Part I Writing （30minutes）

（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）

Directions：For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay .Suppose you are two options upon graduation： one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）

Section A

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C）. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet1with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.

1. A） It was dangerous to live in. C） He could no longer pay the rent.

B） It was going to be renovated. D） He had sold it to the royal family.

2. A） A strike. B） A storm. C） A forest fire. D） A Terrorist attack.

Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A） They lost contact with the emergency department.

B）They were trapped in an underground elevator.

C） They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.

D） They sent calls for help via a portable radio.

4. A） They tried hard to repair the accident.

B） They released the details of the accident.

C） They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.

D） They provided the miner with food and water.

Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A） Raise postage rates. C） Redesign delivery routes.

B） Improve its services. D） Close some of its post offices.

6. A） Shortening business hours. C） Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.

B） Closing offices on holidays. D） Computerizing mail sorting processes.

7. A） Many post office staff will lose their jobs

B） Many people will begin to complain

C） Taxpayers will be very pleased

D）A lot of controversy will arise

Section B

Directions：In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A），B），C） and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1 with a single line though the centre.

Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A）He will be kept from promotion. C）He will be given a warning.

B）He will go through retraining. D）He will lose part of his pay.

9. A）He is always on time. C）He is an experienced press operator.

B）He is trustworthy guy. D）He is on good terms with his workmates.

10. A）She is a trade union representative. C）She is a senior manager of the shop.

B）She is in charge of public relation. D）She is better at handing such matters.

11. A）He is skilled and experienced. C）He is always trying to stir up trouble.

B）He is very close to the manager. D）He is always complaining about low wages.

Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A）Open. B）Friendly. C）Selfish. D）Reserved. 　

13. A）They stay quiet. C）They talk about the weather

B）They read a book. D）They chat with fellow passengers.

14. A）She was always treated as a foreigner.

B）She was eager to visit an English castle.

C）She was never invited to a colleague’s home.

D）She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.

15. A） House are much more quiet. C） They want to have more space.

B） Houses provide more privacy. D） They want a garden of their own.

Section C

Directions：In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C） and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A） They don’t have much choice of jobs.

B） They are likely to get much higher pay.

C） They don’t have to go through job interviews.

D） They will automatically be given hiring priority.

17. A） Ask their professors for help. C） Visit the school careers services.

B） Look at school bulletin boards. D） Go through campus newspapers.

18. A） Helping students find the books and journals they need.

B） Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.

C） Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.

D） Providing students with information about the library.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A） It tastes better. C） It may be sold at a higher price .

B） It is easier to grow. D） It can better survive extreme weathers.

20. A） It is healthier than green tea. C） It will replace green tea one day.

B） It can grow in drier soil. D） It is immune to various diseases.

21. A） It has been well received by many tea drinkers.

B） It does not bring the promised health benefits.

C） It has made tea farmers’ life easier.

D） It does not have a stable market.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A）They need decorations to show their status.

B） They prefer unique objects of high quality.

C） They decorate their homes themselves.

D） They care more about environment.

23. A） They were proud of their creations.

B） They could only try to create at night.

C） They made great contributions to society.

D） They focused on the quality of their products.

24. A） Make wise choices. C） Design handicrafts themselves.

B） Identify fake crafts. D） Learn the importance of creation.

25. A） To boost the local economy. C） To arouse public interest in crafts.

B） To attract foreign investments. D） To preserve the traditional culture.

PARTⅢ Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）

Section A

Directions： In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense. But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes — animal fighting — things 26 work out that way. Dog fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and “sport,” yet their criminal abusers often receive a 28 sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation(缓刑).

Some progress has been made in the prosecution(起诉) of animal fighters. But federal judges often rely heavily on the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when they 29penalties, and in the case of animal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30.

The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which 31these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them, proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months. This is a step in the right 32, but we’d like to see the U.S. Sentencing Commission make further guidelines.

Simultaneous to this effort, we’re working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to 33 anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assist overburdened animal 34 that care for animal fighting victims. This help is35 important because the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major deterrent to intervening in cruelty cases in the first place.

Section B

Directions：In this section， you are gonging to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.

When Work Becomes a Game

[A]What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. The promise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few.

[B]Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what’s come to be known as “gamification:” essentially, turning work into a game. “Gamification is about understanding what it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience in games, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace and education,” explains Kevin Werbach, a gamification expert who teaches at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States..

[C]It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to the winners, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could also mean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies from Google to IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in their workplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that the global gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by 2020.

[D]The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachers have long looked for fun ways to engage people’s reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jacks has been “gamifying” its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.

[E]But the word “gamification” and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only began in earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation now entering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. “We’re at a point where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playing [video] games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too,” Werbach says.

[F]A number of companies have sprung up—GamEffective, Bunchball and Badgeville, to name a few—in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effective turn employees’ ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. “What makes a game game-like is that the player actually cares about the outcome,” Werbach says. “The principle is understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understanding of psychology.”

[G]Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition. Sales people often fall into this category. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their sales pitches into a competition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who’s winning at all times.Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One company Werbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and boost employee morale. When employees log in to their computers, they’re shown a picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that person’s name.

[H]Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies employee trainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed a gamification strategy for a sales training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed “storm chaser teams” and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn various rewards.“Rewards don’t have to be stuff,” Cornetti says. “Rewards can be flextime. Rewards can be extension time.”Another training, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs theme. Snow White is public domain, but the dwarfs are still under copyright, so Cornetti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific pay roll law principles.

[I]Some people don’t take as naturally to gamified work environments, Cornetti says. In her experience, people in positions of power or people in finance or engineering don’t tend to like the sound of the word.“If we’re designing for engineers, I’m not talking about a ‘game’ at all,” Cornetti says. “I’m talking about a ‘simulation,’ I’m talking about ‘being able to solve this problem.”

[J]Gamification is “not a magic bullet,” Werbach cautions. A gamification strategy that’s not sufficiently thought through or tailored to its players may engage people for a little while, but it won’t motivate in the long term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used with vulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobs yet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games. Werbach gives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, California, which used large digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another. Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began to skip bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired. Pregnant employees struggled to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one employee referred to the board as a “digital whip.”“It actually had a very negative effect on morale and performance,” Werbach says.

[K]Still, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says, “as more and more people come into the workforce who are intuitively familiar with the structures and expressions of digital games.” “We are way ahead of the tipping point,” Cornetti agrees. “There’s no reason this will go away.”

36.some famous companies are already using gamification and more are trying to do the same.

37.Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative results.

38.To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow works when starting their computers.

39.The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago.

40.There is a reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay.

41.Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification.

42.When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games interesting.

43.Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.

44.The most successful gamification platforms transform daily work assignments into fun experiences.

45.It is necessary to use terms other than “gamification” for some professions.

Section C

Directions：There are 2 passages in this section .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices maked A），B），C）and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.

It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to " solve" problems-real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired-not to teach but to hold meetings-has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is a clearing house (信息交流中心)for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It's an administrative sham (欺诈) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.

I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems-class attendance, educational

success, student happiness and well-being-might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic (官僚的) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. lf we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other.

The teachers must be free to teach in their own way-the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally; they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.

46.What does the author say about present-day universities?

A)They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.

B)They often fail to combine teaching with research.

C)They are over-burdened with administrative staff.

D)They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.

47.According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?

A)Good classroom teachers. C) Talented researchers.

B)Efficient administrators. D) Motivated students.

48.What does the author imply about the classes at present?

A)They facilitate students independent learning.

B)They help students form closer relationships.

C)They have more older students than before.

D)They are much bigger than is desirable.

49.What does the author think of teaching ability?

A)It requires talent and practice.

B)It is closely related to research.

C)It is a chief factor affecting students 'learning.

D)It can be acquired through persistent practice.

50.What is the author’s suggestion for improving university teaching?

A)Creating an environment for teachers to share 'their teaching experiences.

B)Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.

C)Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.

D)Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.

Passage Two

Questions 51to 55 are based on the following passage.

The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years ago-by McDonald's. According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards-like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals-stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.

The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food items.

They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a half-sized portion when combined with a prize. Both options were priced the same.

Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion.\One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket（彩票）, with a $ 10, $ 50 or $ 100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less.

"The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting.”says Reimann.

He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective. In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard odds included.

“One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may be more emotionally provoking than certainty awards," says Reimann. " The uncertainty of winning provides added attraction and desirability through emotional ‘thrills.' The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state of hope一a state that is in itself psychologically rewarding·"In other words, there’s a reason why people like to gamble

How might it’s knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?

One possibility is a healthy that offers the chance to win a spa (温泉疗养) weekend. Or maybe the reward of a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a future date. That would get you back in the restaurant-and make you eat a little less.

51.What do we learn about McDonald’s inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?

A)It may shed light on people’s desire to crack a secret.

B)It has proved to be key to McDonald’s business success.

C)It appeals to kid’s curiosity to find out what is hidden inside.

D)It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.

52. What is the finding of the researchers led by Martin Reimann?

A)Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonald’s more.

B)Most kids and adults don’t actually feel hungry when they eat half of their meal.

C)Eating a smaller does good to the health of kids and adults alike.

D)Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.

53.What is most interesting in Martin Reimann’s finding?

A)Kids preferred an award in the form of money to one in the form of a toy.

B)Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award

C)Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.

D)Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.

54.How does Martin Reimann interpret his finding?

A)The emotional component of the prizes is at work.

B)People now care more about quality than quantity.

C)People prefer certainty awards to possible awards.

D) The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.

55.What can we infer from Martin Reimann’s finding?

A)·People should eat much less if they ·wish to stay healthy and happy.

B)More fast food restaurants are likely to follow McDonald’s example.

C)We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business.

D)More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.

Part IV Translation （30 minutes）

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English .You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

　　在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福.在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见.人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红色信封里.红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系.然而，红色并不总是代表好运和快乐.因为从死前者名字通常用红色书写，用红墨水书写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为.

2016年12月大学英语四级答案（第一套）

Part1 writing (30 minutes)

破题思路：第一段：话题描述. 第二段：表明观点+阐述原因. 第三段：观点结论.

参考范文：(选择就业还是创业)

Finding a Job First

Upon graduation， virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students’ opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to start a business of your own， but others take the attitude that finding a job is the best choice influencing their future.

As to myself， I prefer the latter view. An opportunity to start a business exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people， with no exception to me. In my view， With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates， some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own businesses. Over the years，there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurship and such attempts should be encouraged and promoted by both the universities and the society at large. What’s more ，College students who start businesses are pioneers，among whom will be born China’s future business leaders. Faced with unknown challenges， they are audacious enough to embark on a perilous journey while most of their peers enjoy stable salaries by working as white-collars at high-end office buildings.

All in all， the essential difference between the students who find a job or those students who create their own businesses is that the former are docile followers whereas the latter are aggressive trailblazers. For this reason， business-launching college graduates are more admirable， and thus they command our deep respect.

Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）

【英语四级听力真题解析】

听力作为一种考试题型，目的在于考查应试者对英语语言的把握，自从英语四级题型改革后，所选题材侧重新闻稿和演讲稿，比如这次英语四级考试的Section A 部分，主要是关于采盐工人的相关新闻报导，文章稍难，我们在作答之前，一定要快速浏览各题目的选项，先把核心关键词划出来，比如重要的名词，名词性短语等，这样可以帮助我们预知要听的重点，提高捕捉信息的准确度，降低听力材料的难度.在听录音的过程中，快速作标记，锁定正确答案.

1.(A)It was dangerous to live in. 2.(B)A storm

3.(B)They were trapped in an underground elevator.

4.(C)They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.

5.(D)Close some of its post office.

6.(C)Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.

7.(A)Many post office staff will lose their jobs.

Section B

8.(D)He will lose part of his pay.

9.(B)He is a trustworthy guy. 10.(D)She is better at handling such matters.

11.(C)He is always trying to stir up trouble. 12.(D)Reserved

13.(A)They stay quiet　14.(C)She was never invited to a colleague’s home.

15.(B)Houses provide more privacy

Section C

16.(D)They will automatically be given hiring priority.

17.(C)Visit the school careers service.

18.(B)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.

19.(C)It may be sold at a higher price. 20.(A)It is healthier than green tee.

21.(D)It does not have a stable market.

22.(B)They prefer unique objects of high quality.

23.(B)They could only try to create at night.

24.(A)Make wise choices.

25.(A)To boost the local economy.

Section A

A 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soils were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations.

On Sunday, the castle’s owner John Gordon, 76, was forced to move out his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerous close to the river. According to the Scottish Daily Record.

Abergeldie castle located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly.

The castle which is located on 11,700 acres was leased to members of the royal family between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V.

The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up the after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday.

“This means that rivers will rise more slowly, but then stay high for much longer.” the environmental agency said.

Q1. Why did John Gordon move out of Abergeldie castle?

Q2. What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?

Section A - 2

Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at a Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York, according to Marcia Lynch.

Public information officer with Tompkins County’s emergency response department, emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio. And they all appear to be uninjured, said Jessica Verfuss, the emergency department’s assistant director.

Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers’ being trapped in the elevator went immediately available. The mine, along New York’s Cayuga Lake, processes salt used for road treatment. It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1,500 places in the northeastern United States, the rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio.

Q3. What does the news report say about the salt miners?

Q4.What did the rescue team do?

Section A - 3

The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues.

Facing an $8.3 billion budget deficit this year, closing post officers is one of several proposals the Postal Service has put forth recently to cut costs. Last week, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually.

“We are losing revenue as we speak,” Donahoe said. “We do not want taxpayer money. We want to be self-sufficient. So like any other business you have to make choices.”

Dean Granholm the vice president for delivery and post office operations said the first waves of closings would begin this fall. He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs.

Q5.What is the U.S. Postal Service planning to do?

Q6.What measure has been planned to save costs?

Q7.What will happen when the proposed measure come into effect?

Conversation 1

A: Mrs. Hampton, we've got trouble in the press room this morning.

B: Oh dear. What about?

A: One of the press operators arrived an hour and a half late.

B: But that's a straightforward affair. He will simply lose part of his pay. That's why we have a clock-in system.

A: But the point is the man was clocked-in at 8 o'clock. We have John standing by the time clock, and he swears he saw nothing irregular.

B: Is John reliable?

A: Yes, he is. That's why we chose him for the job.

B: Have you spoken to the man who was late?

A: Not yet. I thought I'd have a word with you first. He's a difficult man, and I think there's been some trouble on the shop floor. I've got a feeling that trade union representative is behind this. The manager told me that Jack Green's been very active around the shop the last few days.

B: Well, what do you want me to do?

A: I was wondering if you'd see Smith, the man who was late, because you are so much better at handling things like this.

B: Oh, alright. I'll see him. I must say I agree with you about there being bad feelings in the works. I've had the idea for some time that Jack Green's been busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wage claim. He's always trying to make trouble. Well, I'll get the manager to send Smith up here.

Q8. What will happen to the press operator who was late for the work according to the woman?

Q9. What does the man say about John who stands by the time clock?

Q10. Why does the man suggest the woman see the worker who was late?

Q11. What does the woman say about Jack Green?

Conversation 2

A: Our topic today is about somethings that foreigners nearly always say when they visit Britain. It's 'Why are the British so cold?' And they're talking about the British personality – the famous British 'reserve'. It means that we aren't very friendly, we aren't very open.

B: So do you think it's true?

A: It's a difficult one. So many people who visit Britain say it's difficult to make friends with British people. They say we're cold, reserved, unfriendly...

B: I think it's true. Look at Americans or Australians. They speak the same language, but they're much more open. And you see it when you travel, people - I mean strangers - speak to you on the street or on the train. British people seldom speak on the train. Or the bus. Not in London, anyway.

A: 'Not in London'. That's it. Capital cities are full of tourists and are never very friendly. People are different in other parts of the country.

B: Not completely. I met a woman once, an Italian. She's been working in Manchester for two years,

and no one - not one of her colleagues - had ever invited her to their home. They were friendly to her at work, but nothing else. She couldn't believe it. She said that would never happen in Italy.

A: You know what they say – 'an Englishman's home is his castle'. It’s really difficult to get inside.

B: Yeah. It's about being private. You go home to your house and your garden and you close the door. It's your place.

A: That's why the British don't like flats. They prefer to live in houses.

B: That’s true.

Q12. What do foreigners generally think of British people according to the woman?

Q13. What may British people typically do one the train according to the man?

Q14. What does the man say about the Italian woman working in Manchester?

Q15. Why do British people prefer houses to flats?

Passage One

In college, time is scarce, and consequently, very precious. At the same time, expenses in college pile up surprisingly quickly. A part time job is a good way to balance costs while ensuring there is enough time left over for both academic subjects and after-class activities.

If you are a college student looking for a part time job, the best place to start your job search is right on campus. There are tons of on-campus job opportunities, and as a student, you’ll automatically be given hiring priority. Plus, on-campus jobs eliminate commuting time, and could be a great way to connect with academic and professional resources at your university. Check with your school’s career service or employment office for help to find a campus job. Of course, there are opportunities for part-time work off-campus, too. If you spend a little time digging for the right part time jobs, you’ll save yourself time when you find a job that leaves you with enough time to get your school work done, too. If you are a college student looking for work but worry you won’t have enough time to devote to academic subjects, consider working as a study hall or a library monitor. Responsibilities generally include supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained. It’s a pretty easy job, but one with lots of downtime-which means you will have plenty of time to catch up on reading, do homework or study for an exam.

Q16: What does the speaker say about college students applying for on-campus jobs?

Q17: What can students do to find a campus job according to the speaker?

Q18: What does the speaker say is a library monitor’s responsibility?

Passage Two

Agricultural workers in green tea fields near Mt. Kenya are gathering the tea leaves. It is beautiful to see. The rows of tea bushes are straight. All appears to be well. But the farmers who planted the bushes are worried. Nelson Kibara is one of them. He has been growing tea in the Kerugoya area for 40 years.

He says the prices this year have been so low that he has made almost no profit. He says he must grow different kinds of tea if he is to survive.

Mr. Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some of their tea bushes and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya. Its leaves are purple and brown. When the tea is boiled, the drink has a purple color. Medical researchers have studied the health benefits of the new tea. They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea.

But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price for his purple tea crop.

He says the market for the tea is unstable and he is often forced to sell his purple tea for the same price as green tea leaves. He says there are not enough buyers willing to pay more for the purple tea.

Q19. Why have tea farmers in Kenya decided to grow purple tea?

Q20. What do researchers say about purple tea?

Q21. What does Mr. Kibara find about purple tea?

Passage Three

Today's consumers want beautiful handcrafted objects to wear and to have for their home environment. They prefer something unique and they demand quality. Craftsmen today are meeting this demand. People and homes are showing great change as more and more unique handcrafted items become available. Handcrafts are big business. No long does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day and then try to create at night. He has earned his professional status. He is now a respected member of society. Parts of the fun of being a craftsman is meeting other craftsmen. They love to share their ideas and materials and help others find markets for their work. Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices. They help them become aware of design and technique. They help them relate their choice to its intended use. They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves. When a group of craftsmen expends to include more members, a small craft organization is formed. Such an organization does a lot in training workshops in special media, craft marketing techniques, craft fairs and sales, festivals, TV appearances and demonstrations. State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist consumers. This boosts the local economy considerably because tourists not only buy crafts, but they also use the restaurants and hotels and other services of the area.

Q22. What does the speaker say about today's consumers?

Q23. What does the speaker say about a good craftsman in the past?

Q24. What do craftsmen help consumers do?

Q25. Why do state art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals?

PART Ⅲ Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）

Section A

26. K rarely 开篇第一句话说的是一个人犯罪时 ，我们总是希望他受到应有的惩罚 。后面but表转折 说明虐待动物的人没有受到应有的惩罚 同时划线句子完整 所以需要一个修饰性成分 选项中只有副词能够修饰动词 rarely 表示很少 罕有

27.O tortured and前后并列 所以需要一个动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态 torture 折磨 虐待

28.J minimal a minimal sentence 表示轻判 minimal 少量的 很少的

29.D determine 划线处前面是they 后面是名词 所以中间需要填一个动词

30.G inadequate and 前后是并列的 前方是一个消极意义的形容词 后面也应该是与之意思相近的消极意义的形容词 inadequate 不充分的

31.B creates which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面的委员会 这个委员会是制定裁决方针的

32.E direction in the right direction 在正确的方向上

33.M strengthen 不定式符号to后面加动词原形 此处的含义是加强法律

34.L shelters animal shelters 指的是动物庇护所

35.C critically 副词修饰形容词

Section B

When Work Becomes a Game

36.C 题干当中提到一些著名的公司在使用“gamification”C段提到IBM和L’Oreal 这两家公司

37.J 通过关键词negative results 定位到J段 J段最后一句提到negative effect

38.G 通过morale这个关键词定位到G段

39.D 通过关键词a century ago 定位到D段 D 段出现的是 more than 100 years

40.K K段最后一句“There is no reason this will go away”和题干说的是一个意思

41.E 通过关键词application 可定位到E

42.B B段中给出的“gamification”的定义 和题干表达的是同一个含义

43.H通过关键词 employee training 和technology 可准确定位到H段

44.F 题干中的daily work assignments 对应F段中ordinary job tasks

45.I 题干中提到一些职业不适合用“gamification”只有I段中出现不同职业的人 当权的人，金融行业和工科行业的人

Section C

46.C They are over-burdened with administrative staff.由题中present-day定位到文章第2段第2句。

47.A Good classroom teachers由题中universities lack可以定位到文章第3段第1句

48.D They are much bigger than is desirable由题中the classes和at present可以定位到文章第3段第2、3句

49.A It requires talent and practice由题中the author和teaching ability可以定位到文章倒数第2句话

50 B)Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way. 由题中suggestion和improving university teaching可以定位到文章第3段第1句

51.D It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food in take由题中McDonald人名和inclusion of toys可以定位到文章第1段

52.D Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item由题中finding ..researchers可以定位到文章第3段第1句

53.B Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award由题中most interesting 和 finding可以定位到文章第4段第1句

54.A The emotional component of the prizes is at work由题中Reimann, interpret,findings可以定位到文章第6段第1句

55.C We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business由题中eat less; restaurant可以定位到文章最后1段最后1句

Since the ancient, the color yellow has a close relationship with Chinese traditional culture.

Part IV Translation （30 minutes）

　　In Chinese culture, red always symbolizes good luck, longevity and happiness. It’s seen everywhere on the Spring Festival and other joyous occasions. People put cash into red envelopes as presents for family members and close friends. Another reason for its popularity is that people usually link red with the Chinese revolution and the Communist Party. Nevertheless, red doesn’t signify good luck and happiness all the time. Because in the past, the names of the dead were written in red, it’s regarded a kind of offensive to write a Chinese’s name in red ink.